Safeguarding Children And Young People: Roles And .
Safeguarding Childrenand Young People:Roles and Competenciesfor Healthcare StaffFourth edition: January 2019INTERCOLLEGIATE DOCUMENTPublished by the Royal College of Nursing on behalf of the contributing organisations:College of ParamedicsInstitute of Health VisitingSchool and Public Health Nursing AssociationRoyal College of Physicians & Surgeons ofGlasgowSociety and College of RadiographersRoyal College of General PractitionersRoyal College of Speech & Language TherapistsRoyal College of PsychiatristsNational Safeguarding Team – Public Health WalesNational Pharmacy AssociationBritish Dental AssociationBritish Society of Paediatric DentistryRoyal College of NursingRoyal College of MidwivesCommunity Practitioners and Health VisitorsAssociation/UNITEVision UKRoyal College of AnaesthetistsFaculty of Forensic and Legal MedicineRoyal College of Paediatrics and Child HealthBritish Association of Paediatric SurgeonsCollege of OptometristsRoyal Pharmaceutical Society
SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: ROLES AND COMPETENCIES FOR HEALTHCARE STAFFAcknowledgementsCollege of ParamedicsInstitute of Health VisitingSchool and Public Health Nursing AssociationRoyal College of Physicians & Surgeons of GlasgowSociety and College of RadiographersRoyal College of General PractitionersRoyal College of Speech & Language TherapistsRoyal College of PsychiatristsNational Safeguarding Team – Public Health WalesNational Pharmacy AssociationBritish Dental AssociationBritish Society of Paediatric DentistryRoyal College of NursingRoyal College of MidwivesCommunity Practitioners and Health Visitors Association/UNITEVision UKRoyal College of AnaesthetistsFaculty of Forensic and Legal MedicineRoyal College of Paediatrics and Child HealthBritish Association of Paediatric SurgeonsCollege of OptometristsRoyal Pharmaceutical SocietyPublished by Royal College of Nursing. Copyright is held by all of the above listed organisations. All rights are reserved. Other than as permitted bylaw no part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byany means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of all partieslisted above or a licence permitting restricted copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, SaffronHouse, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS2
INTERCOLLEGIATE DOCUMENTContentsKey cy framework14The framework14Level 1: All staff working in healthcare services18Level 2: A ll non-clinical and clinical staff who have any contact (however small) with children,young people and/or parents/carers or any adult who may pose a risk to children22Level 3: Clinical staff working with children, young people and/or their parents/carers and/orany adult who could pose a risk to children and who could potentially contribute toassessing, planning, intervening and/or evaluating the needs of a child or young personand/or parenting capacity (regardless of whether there have been previously identified childprotection/safeguarding concerns or not)27Level 4: Specialist roles – named professionals50Level 5: Specialist roles – designated professionals54Board Level For chief executive officers, trust and health board executive and non-executivedirectors/members, commissioning body directors59References64Appendices70Appendix 1: National workforce competencies70 Appendix 2: Role descriptions for specialist safeguarding/child protectionprofessionals including required resources71 Appendix 3: Designated professional for safeguarding children andyoung people including required resources81Appendix 4: Education, training and learning logs391
SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: ROLES AND COMPETENCIES FOR HEALTHCARE STAFFKey definitionsAdvocateCare leaversThe advocate’s role is widely described as‘protecting the rights of children’, ‘speaking up’on behalf of children or enabling them to ‘have avoice’ or ‘put their views across’ or gain access tomuch needed services.Those children and young people formerly incare before the age of 18 years of age. Such carecould be in foster care, residential care (mainlychildren’s homes), or other arrangements outsidethe immediate or extended familyChildren and young peopleChild maltreatmentWe define children and young people as all thosewho have not yet reached their 18th birthday.i (1)The unborn child must also be considered.Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglectthat occurs to children under 18 years of age,including the unborn child. It includes all typesof physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexualabuse, neglect, negligence and commercial orother exploitation, which results in actual orpotential harm to the child’s health, survival,development or dignity in the context of arelationship of responsibility, trust or power.Witnessing domestic abuse – seeing or hearingthe ill-treatment of another – is child abuse.ii,iiiLooked after children (children incare/children looked after)This term is used to describe any child who is inthe care of the local authority or who is providedwith accommodation by the local authority socialservices department for a continuous periodof more than 24 hours. This covers children inrespect of whom a compulsory care order orother court order has been made. It also refersto children accommodated voluntarily, includingunder an agreed series of short-term placementswhich may be called short breaks, family linkplacements or respite care, as well as those whoare on remand.Child protectionChild protection is a part of safeguarding andpromoting welfare. This refers to the activity thatis undertaken to protect specific children who aresuffering, or are likely to suffer significant harmas a result of maltreatment or neglect (1).i There is no single law that defines the age of a child across the UK. The UN Convention on the Rights ofthe Child, ratified by the UK government in 1991, states that a child “means every human being below theage of eighteen years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier” (Article1, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 ghts). In the UK, specific age limits are set out in relevant laws or government guidance. There are,however, differences between the UK nations.” In England, Working Together (2018) refers to children upto their 18th birthday. In Wales, for example, the All Wales Child Protection Procedures (AWCPP2008)“A child is anyone who has not yet reached their 18th birthday. ‘Children’ therefore means ‘children andyoung people’ throughout. The fact that a child has become sixteen years of age, is living independently,is in further education, is a member of the Armed Forces, is in hospital, is in prison or a young offendersinstitution does not change their status or their entitlement to services or protection under the ChildrenAct 1989.” hild-protection-procedures-2008.The NSPCC website contains a helpful outline of differences in legislation across the four countries of theUK tem/? ga 4. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 applies to children who are 16 years and over.Mental capacity is present if a person can understand information given to them, retain the informationgiven to them long enough to make a decision, can weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of theproposed course of treatment in order to make a decision, and can communicate their decision. Thedeprivation of liberty safeguards within the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) do not apply to under18s www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents; The Children and Social Work Act 2017 ted. In Scotland, The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland)Act 1991 (c.50) www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1991/50/contents is an Act of the Parliament of the UnitedKingdom applicable only in Scotland which replaced the pre-existing rule of pupillage and minority witha simpler rule that a person has full legal capacity, with some limitations, at the age of 16. In NorthernIreland, Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 -abuse4
INTERCOLLEGIATE DOCUMENTSafeguarding (The term childprotection is used in Scotland)The term safeguarding and promoting thewelfare of children is defined in WorkingTogether (2018) as: protecting children from maltreatment; preventing impairment of children’s health ordevelopment; ensuring that children are growing up incircumstances consistent with the provisionof safe and effective care; and taking action to enable all children to havethe best outcomes. In England, all clinical commissioninggroups are required to have a designateddoctor and designated nurse.v In Wales, The National Safeguarding Team(NHS Wales) is part of Public Health walescomprising of designated nurses, doctorsand a GP lead. They support the sevenhealth boards (HBs) and three NHS trusts inWales. Public Health Wales has an internalsafeguarding team, as do all the otherhealth boards and trusts, which includelead safeguarding professionals. The healthboards and Velindre NHS Trust also havenamed doctors. In Wales LSCBs have becomethe six regional safeguarding childrenboards. (There are also currently six regionaladult safeguarding boards and in some areasthere are plans to merge to become adult andchildren boards) (2). In Northern Ireland, each health and socialservices trust has designated professionalsfor child protection (3). In Scotland, there are lead paediatriciansand consultant/lead nurses who provideclinical leadership, advice, strategic planningand are members of the child protectioncommittee. In larger health boards there arechild protection nurse advisers who supportthe lead nurses (4).CompetenceThe ability to perform a specific task, action orfunction successfully.Learning outcomesLearning outcomes describe what an individualshould know, understand, or be able to do as aresult of training and learning.Corporate parentingThe formal partnership needed between alllocal authority departments and services andassociated agencies, which are responsible forworking together to meet the needs of lookedafter children and young peopleGP practice safeguarding leadThe GP practice safeguarding lead is the GP whooversees the safeguarding work within the GPpractice. The practice safeguarding lead willsupport safeguarding activity within the practice,work with the whole primary care team to embedsafeguarding practice and ethos, provide somesafeguarding training within the practice andact as a point of reference and guidance for theircolleagues. Depending on practice size/structureof the practice, there may also be a practicesafeguarding deputy lead. The practice shouldensure that the safeguarding lead is supported intheir duties, allowing protected time for these tobe carried out and allowing time for additionaltraining that the safeguarding lead is required toundertake.Designated professional (lead childprotection professionals in Scotland)The term designated doctor or nurse denotesdedicated professionals with specific rolesand responsibilities for safeguarding children,including the provision of strategic adviceand guidance to organisational boards acrosshealthcare servicesiv and to local multi-agencysafeguarding organisations (formerly LSCBs) (seeAppendix 3).ivThis also includes Public Health and LA commissioning, and private healthcare and independent providers.v Designated professionals should have regular, direct access to the CCG accountable officer or chief nurseto provide expert advice and support for child safeguarding matters, and they should also be invited to allkey safeguarding partnership meetings.5
SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: ROLES AND COMPETENCIES FOR HEALTHCARE STAFFexpertise for fellow professionals, and ensuringsafeguarding training is in place (1). For thoseorganisations that have multiple sites thenthe named professional should be supportedby a team of specialists proportionate to childpopulation/attendees/case-mix/number of sitescovered. For independent provider organisationsthere should be a named nurse and doctor atnational level and a named nurse and doctor ateach provider location. The named midwife hasknowledge and expertise of all issues associatedwith safeguarding children, particularly withregard to specific concerns during the antenataland early postnatal periods.In good standingRefers to regulated healthcare professionals whoare on their respective regulatory body registerswithout conditions and who are up to date withtheir professional CPD, annual appraisal andrevalidation requirements – ie, www.gmc-uk.org and http://revalidation.nmc.org.uk.Named general practitionerThe GP employed by the local healthcareorganisation to support them in carrying outtheir statutory duties and responsibilities forsafeguarding. Activities are likely to include:providing teaching and training to primary care,supporting practice safeguarding leads, workingalongside other children and young people’ssafeguarding professionals locally eg, designatedprofessionals, working closely with adultsafeguarding professionals including named GPsfor adult safeguarding, working strategicallywithin their local healthcare organisation toprovide child safeguarding resources for primarycare.In Wales and Northern Ireland, the rolesof named professionals exist with similarresponsibilities. In Wales, Public Health Wales,as a provider organisation, has a structure ofdesignated and named professionals for the threeregions (2). In Northern Ireland each health andsocial services trust has named professionalsfor child protection (3). In Scotland, the titleequivalent to the named doctor is ‘paediatricianwith a special interest in child protection’. Alongwith lead paediatricians and consultant/leadnurses they provide clinical leadership, advice,strategic planning and are members of the childprotection committee. In larger health boardsthere are child protection nurse advisers whosupport the lead nurses (4).Named professionalIn England, all providers of NHS, or otherwise,funded health services including NHS trusts,NHS foundation trusts and public, voluntarysector, independent sector and social enterprisesincluding local authorities providing healthservices ie, 0-19 services which are CQCregistered, private providers, online providersand organisations who only provide adultservices should identify a named doctor anda named nurse (and a named midwife if theorganisation provides maternity services)for safeguarding children and young peopleas outlined in Appendix 2 or a lead clinicianwhere appropriate. In the case of NHS 111,ambulance trusts and independent providers/contractors such as dentists for example, thisshould be a named practitioner ie, dentist orparamedic.vi Each registered primary care dentalsetting should have access to a named dentist/professional across a larger geographical arearather than one named dentist/professional ineach setting. Named professionals have a keyrole in promoting good professional practicewithin their organisation, providing advice andviNOT in employment, education ortraining (NEET)The term NEET is used to describe young peoplewho are not engaged in any form of employment,education or training.Parental responsibilityAll mothers and most fathers have legal rightsand responsibilities as a parent – knownas parental responsibility. A motherautomatically has parental responsibility for herchild from birth. A father usually has parentalresponsibility if he’s either:1.married to the child’s motherFor optical practices this may be a lay person with responsibility for arranging the training.6
INTERCOLLEGIATE DOCUMENT2. listed on the birth certificate (after a certaindate, depending on which part of the UK thechild was born in).The child’s father, step parent or second femaleparent can apply to a court to acquire parentalresponsibility. There are a range of othercircumstances in which parental responsibilitymust be understood and explored, such assame sex partnerships, civil partnerships andsurrogacy.If a child is adopted, parental responsibility fora child is transferred from their birth parentor other person with parental responsibility totheir adopters. An adopted child loses all thelegal ties with their original parents. When anadoption order is made in respect of a child,the child becomes a full member of their newfamily, usually takes the family name, andassumes the same rights and privileges as if theyhad been born to the adoptive family. Adoptionis a significant legal order and is not usuallyreversible.Unaccompanied asylum seeking child(UASC)A UASC is defined as an individual who is under18, has arrived in the UK without a responsibleadult, is not being cared for by an adult whoby law or custom has responsibility to do so, isseparated from both parents and has applied forasylum in the United Kingdom in his/her ownright.7
SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: ROLES AND COMPETENCIES FOR HEALTHCARE STAFFGlossaryACEsMRIAdverse childhood experiencesMagnetic resonance imagingADHD Attention deficit hyperactivitydisorderNEET Not in employment, education ortrainingASDAutistic spectrum disorderNHSNational Health ServiceCCGClinical commissioning groupNMCNursing and Midwifery CouncilCPDContinuous professional developmentCSAChild sexual abuseOfSTED Office for Standards in Education,Children’s Services and SkillsCSEChild sexual exploitationCTComputed tomographyCQCCare Quality CommissionPRUDIC Procedural response to unexpecteddeaths in childrenDNADid not attendPTSDPost-traumatic stress disorderFGMFemale genital mutilationSARCSexual abuse referral centreFIIFabricated or induced illnessSCRSerious case reviewGDPRGeneral Data Protection RegulationSTIsSexually transmitted infectionsGMCGeneral Medical CouncilHCPCHealth and Care Professions CouncilSUDIC Sudden unexpected death inchildhoodLALocal authorityLSCBLocal safeguarding children’s boardsLSPLocal safeguarding partnerships8PHEPublic Health EnglandPICUPaediatric intensive care unitUASCUnaccompanied asylum seeking childUNUnited Nations
INTERCOLLEGIATE DOCUMENTForewordThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child(1989) includes the requirement that childrenlive in a safe environment, be protected fromharm and have access to the highest attainablestandard of health. Statutory guidance onmaking arrangements to safeguard and promotethe welfare of children under Section 11vii of theChildren Act 2004 was published in August2005, with health organisations having a duty tocooperate with social services under section 27of the Children Act 1989.viii These duties are anexplicit part of NHS employment contracts, withchief executives having responsibility to have inplace arrangements that reflect the importanceof safeguarding and promoting the welfare ofchildren within organisations.It remains the responsibility of organisationsto develop and maintain quality standardsand quality assurance, to ensure appropriatesystems and processes are in place and to embeda safeguarding culture within the organisationthrough mechanisms such as safe recruitmentprocesses including undertaking vetting andbarring, staff induction, effective training andeducation, patient experience and feedback,learning and improvement, critical incidentanalysis, risk assessments and risk registers,cyclical and other reviews and audits, annualstaff appraisal (and revalidation of medicaland nursing staff x). It is also important to beaware of the role of external regulators such asCare Quality Commission (CQC) and Office forStandards in Education, Children’s Servicesand Skills (OfSTED) in England i
Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health British Association of Paediatric Surgeons College of Optometrists Royal Pharmaceutical Society. SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE: ROLES AND COMPETENCIES OR HEALTHCARE STAFF 2 Acknowledgements
Safeguarding older people from abuse and neglect Page 2 of 28 Contents 1 Background and legal framework 4 1.1 The aims of adult safeguarding 4 1.2 ‘Safeguarding is everybody’s business’ 5 1.3 ‘Making safeguarding personal’ 5 2 Types of abuse or neglect 6 2.1 Particular issues for older people 8
“Safeguarding is everybody’s business” 1 P a g e Safeguarding Adults Basic Awareness Workbook This workbook was originally produced by Kirklees Safeguarding Adult Board who have kindly agreed to give permission for it to be adapted and used by the Birmingham Safeguarding Adult
provide support to staff to carry out their safeguarding duties and who will liaise closely with other services such as children’s social care. 11. The designated safeguarding lead (and any deputies) are most likely to have a complete safeguarding picture and be the most appropriate person to advise on the response to safeguarding concerns. 12.
UNICEF Australia’s Child Safeguarding Policy June 2018 Page 2 of 14 Note: Child Protection vs Child Safeguarding UA makes the following distinction between child protection and child safeguarding: Child Protection: programs, measures and structures to prevent and respond to abuse, exploitation, neglect and violence affecting children in all sectors, contexts and environment (essentially, the .
child protection 30 3.2 Child safeguarding standards 32 3.3 The child safeguarding cycle 33 3.4 Child safeguarding principles 36 4. Why disability-inclusive child . these guidelines to ensure children with disabilities are empowered, protected and safeguarded so that they can fulfil their rights and reach their full potential.
Whilst the focus of this online safeguarding strategy surrounds the safeguarding of our children and young people, members of the children’s workforce must also be aware of the issues. This includes the standards expected in relation to their own use of technologies such as social media
SOS Children's Villages Our Child Safeguarding Journey 2/11 The establishment of the first SOS Children's Village in 1949 was driven by the conviction that children throughout the world have the right to quality care. SOS Children's Villages approach to child safeguarding is informed by best practice and learnings as a global organization.
Safeguarding institutions include banks, merchant banks, finance companies and financial guarantee insurer. Licensees must periodically assess suitability of safeguarding institutions. 1 2 Obtaining an undertaking from a safeguarding institution to be liable for the float Obtaining a guarantee from a safeguarding institution for the float
