Colloquial Japanese: The Complete Course For Beginners .
ColloquialJapanese
The Colloquial SeriesSeries Adviser: Gary KingThe following languages are available in the Colloquial series:AfrikaansAlbanianAmharicArabic (Levantine)Arabic of EgyptArabic of the Gulf andSaudi ArabiaBasqueBulgarian* Cambodian* Cantonese* ChineseCroatian and ian* gianPanjabiPersianPolishPortuguesePortuguese of BrazilRomanianRussianScottish GaelicSlovakSloveneSomali* SpanishSpanish of Latin AmericaSwedish* ThaiTurkishUkrainianUrdu* VietnameseWelshAccompanying cassette(s) (*and CDs) are available for the above titles.They can be ordered through your bookseller, or send payment withorder to Taylor & Francis/Routledge Ltd, ITPS, Cheriton House, NorthWay, Andover, Hants SP10 5BE, UK, or to Routledge Inc, 29 West35th Street, New York NY 10001, USA.COLLOQUIAL CD-ROMsMultimedia Language CoursesAvailable in: Chinese, French, Portuguese and Spanish
ColloquialJapaneseThe Complete Coursefor BeginnersSecond editionHugh Clarke andMotoko Hamamura
First published 2003by Routledge11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EESimultaneously published in the USA and Canadaby Routledge29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’scollection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 2003 Hugh Clarke and Motoko HamamuraTypeset in Times New Roman byNewgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, IndiaPrinted and bound in Great Britain byTJ International Ltd, Padstow, CornwallAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced orutilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, nowknown or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or inany information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writingfrom the publishers.British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataA catalog record for this book has been requestedISBN 0-415-19478-4 (Book)0-415-27911-9 (CDs)0-415-19479-2 (Tapes)0-415-19480-6 (Pack)ISBN 0-203-98691-1 Master e-book ISBN
ContentsPrefaceviiIntroduction to the Japanese language1 ฬ ߩ ឵ Meishi no kookan111Exchanging business cards2 Ꮖ Jiko-shookai28Introducing yourself3 ኅᣖߩ Kázoku no hanashi41Talking about families4 ‛ Kaimono58Shopping ᦐᣣߦળ ߹ߒࠂ߁ ޕ ޕ 5 ᦐᣣߦળ ߹ߒࠂ߁Getsuyóobi ni aimashóo.75Let’s meet on Monday!6 ᧁߐࠎߩળ ߳ߤ߁ ߞߡ ᧁߐࠎߩળ ߳ߤ߁ ߞߡⴕ߈߹ߔ߆ ޕ 90Suzuki san no kaisha e dóoyatte ikimásu ka.How do I get to your office, Mr Suzuki?7 ߤࠎߥᗵߓߩੱߢߔ߆ ޕ Dónna kanji no hito désu ka.111What does he look like?8 Ꮢ ⷰశߦⴕ߈߹ߒࠂ߁ ޕ Shinai-kánkoo ni ikimashóo.130Let’s take the city tour!9 ࡎ࠹࡞ߢ Hóteru de145At the hotel10 㚍ࠍ ߦⴕ߈߹ߖࠎ߆ ޕ Keiba o mí ni ikimasén ka.Would you like to come to the races?160
vi11 ᣣᧄߦⴕߊߥࠄߤߩቄ ߇ ߢߒࠂ߁߆ ޕ 178Nihón ni ikú nara, dóno kísetsuga íi deshoo ka.If you’re going to Japan, which is the best season?12 ߤ߁߽㘑 ࠍᒁ ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ ޕ Dóomo kaze o hiita yóo desu.193Somehow I seem to have caught a cold.13 ゞߦ߱ߟߌࠄゞߦ߱ߟߌࠄࠇߚ ޕ ࠇߚ ޕ Kuruma ni butsukerareta.211Another car ran into me!14 ߽ߒ߽ߒ⑺రవ ࠄߞߒ ߹ߔߢߒࠂ߁߆ ޕ 229Móshimoshi, Akimoto senseiirasshaimásu deshóo ka.Hello, may I speak to Professor Akimoto?15 ߩ⒁⸬ߪߎࠇߢߔ ޕ Jootatsu no hiketsu wa kore desu.248The secret road to progress!Key to the exercisesGrammar summaryAppendix: hiragána, katakána and kanjiJapanese–English glossaryIndex of grammar and language functions258289306312383
PrefaceIn this completely new edition of Colloquial Japanese, we haveintegrated the writing system into the course from Unit 1. This hasresulted in the unusual, dare we say unique, feature of combining romanised transcription and the Japanese script in the first five units. Instead oflearning hiragána and katakána syllabaries mechanically by rote beforeembarking on your study of Japanese, running the risk of losing yourenthusiasm before you have begun, you are introduced gradually to theJapanese writing system as you acquire useful phrases and expressionsyou can use immediately. From the beginning we introduce thethree components of the Japanese script – kanji, hiragána andkatakána – within a context of partly romanised, natural spokenJapanese. We hope this innovation will help you learn how to read andwrite Japanese as quickly and painlessly as possible. From Unit 6 thebasic conversations and dialogues are given in kana and a restrictednumber of kanji. Students who apply themselves diligently to the studyof the Japanese script should be able to learn the 200 kanji introduced inthe fifteen units. For those who cannot afford the time to master allthe kanji, however, it will be possible to complete the course with aknowledge of the script introduced in the first seven units.In addition to the introduction of the Japanese script, the new editionadopts a more interactive, communicative approach to the learning ofJapanese. The language is introduced through a series of practical dialogues simulating the actual situations a learner of Japanese is likely toencounter. We have been careful, however, not to sacrifice the comprehensive coverage of grammar and vocabulary which were the hallmarksof earlier editions of Colloquial Japanese.We have received encouragement and advice from many friends andcolleagues, too numerous to mention here. We are particularly grateful toour copy editor, Diane Stafford, whose excellent command of Japaneseand meticulous eye for detail has purged the manuscript of manytypographical errors and inconsistencies. Special thanks must also go to
viiiour editors Sophie Oliver and James Folan of Routledge, whose patienceand understanding encouraged us to go on when it seemed at timeswe would never finish the manuscript. We hope their faith in us will berewarded with this volume.Hugh Clarke and Motoko HamamuraMay 2001
Introduction to theJapanese languageJapanese, with over 127 million speakers in Japan, large emigrantcommunities in North and South America and a rapidly growing body offluent non-native speakers, is one of the world’s major languages. Outside the languages of Europe, it is probably the most studied foreign language, with about a million learners in China, a similar number in Koreaand around 300,000 in Australia and New Zealand. It is the most studiedforeign language in Australian secondary schools and is now alsobecoming very popular in Britain and America. Japan is the world’ssecond-largest economy, a major provider of foreign aid and a significant force in world affairs, particularly in Asia. It has a rich, distinctiveculture combining native elements with influences from the Asianmainland and, more recently, from Europe and America. A fascinatingblend of tradition and modernity, Japan has a literary tradition extendingback 1,200 years, yet is one of the most modern, some would say postmodern, high-tech, post-industrial societies in the world. The Japaneselanguage is the key to understanding Japanese culture and society.Studying Japanese can be a very rewarding experience in its own right,but, more important, it has great practical value for anyone wishing to dobusiness with the Japanese or planning to visit Japan.Pronunciation and romanisationJapanese has a relatively simple sound system. It does not havea strong stress accent as we have in English, preferring instead to usehigh and low pitch contrasts to mark the boundaries between phrases.For practical purposes, you will find that you can produce naturalsounding Japanese by giving each syllable equal stress and prominence(loudness).
2RomanisationThe romanisation used in this book is a modification of the Hepburnsystem which is the most practical for speakers of English. We haveindicated long vowels by writing the short vowel twice, e.g. oo, uu, etc.The acute accent has been added to indicate the pitch accent. The following descriptions of Japanese sounds are approximations based on thepronunciation of south-eastern British English.The vowelsJapanese has five short vowels a, e, i, o, u and five long vowels romanised here aa, ee, ii, oo and uu. The short vowels are all the same length,very short and crisp, giving Japanese its characteristic staccato rhythm.aeioulike the u in cutlike the e in getlike the i in hitlike the au in taught but shorter, like the o in hotlike the u in put but without the lip-rounding (pull the corners of yourmouth back slightly when you pronounce this vowel).The long vowels, indicated by double letters in our romanisation, areexactly the same sounds as their short counterparts, but are given twicethe duration. A difference in the length of the vowel can make a difference in the meaning of a word. To avoid confusion and embarrassment,care must be taken to distinguish between long and short vowels. Take,for example, shujin ‘husband’ and shuujin ‘prisoner’ or, potentiallyeven more dangerous, komon ‘adviser’ and koomon ‘anus’.When two or more vowels come together in Japanese each retains itsoriginal pronunciation. The sequence is pronounced without a pause inthe middle, but each vowel is given its full value and duration, unlike thediphthongs in English which tend to coalesce the vowels together into asingle sound. Note that the sequence ei is usually replaced in pronunciation by the long vowel ee, e.g. senséi ‘teacher’ is pronounced sensée.Devoicing of vowelsUnder certain circumstances the vowels i and u are omitted, reducedor whispered. This phenomenon, known as devoicing, is particularly
3marked in the speech of Tokyo. You will notice it in the pronunciationrecorded on the tapes which accompany this volume. It generally occurswhen the vowels i or u are sandwiched between two of the consonants,p, t, k, s, sh, ts, ch, f and h (voiceless consonants), or when i or u followone of these consonants at the end of a sentence (i.e. before a pause).ConsonantsThe consonants p, b, t, d, k, h, m and y are pronounced pretty much thesame as they are in English.chjtszfngrlike ch in church, but for many speakers with the tip of the tonguedown behind the lower front teeth.like j in judge, but for many speakers with the same tongue positionas ch above.like the ts in cats. Note that this sound occurs at the beginning ofthe syllable in Japanese. You will need to practise this sound toavoid confusing it with s.like the z in zoo. Many Japanese speakers pronounce this sound likethe ds in cards at the beginning of a word and like z elsewhere.differs slightly from English f. The lower lip does not touch theupper teeth. It is like the sound we make blowing out a candle.before a vowel like n in now. At the end of a word the sound ismidway between the n in man and the ng in sang. Try pronouncingman without touching the roof of your mouth with the tip of yourtongue. When n occurs at the end of a syllable it is influenced bythe following consonant. It is pronounced n when followed by n, t,d, s, z, r or w. Before m, p or b it is pronounced m, e.g. shinbun(pronounced shimbun) ‘newspaper’, Nihón mo (pronouncednihom mo) ‘Japan too’. When followed by g or k, n is pronouncedlike the ng in singer. Note that this last sound change also occurs inEnglish, the n in think is actually pronounced ng.like the g in get. Some speakers, particularly in Tokyo, pronouncethis sound as the nasal ng (like the ng in singer) when it occursbetween vowels. Although the nasal pronunciation still enjoys considerable prestige in the media, the tendency seems to be towardsusing the stop pronunciation (‘the hard g’) in all positions.this sound does not occur in English. To our ears it often sounds likea blend of d, l and r. Actually it is made by flapping (or tapping)the tip of the tongue against the gum ridge behind the upper teeth.
4The effect can be achieved by pronouncing the r of English word ratwhile placing the tip of the tongue in the position to form a d.w like the w in wonderful, but with the corners of the mouth pulledback slightly. This sound occurs only before a. Take care to pronounce wa like the wo in wonder and not like the wa in war.Double consonantsJust as Japanese distinguishes short and long vowels it also makes a distinction between single and double consonants. Making these distinctions is the major difficulty English speakers encounter in pronouncingJapanese. The double consonants pp, tt, tts, tch, ss, ssh, kk, nn, nm(pronounced mm) take twice the time to pronounce of their single counterparts. Where the first element is p, t or k the sound is begun, then heldfor a syllable beat before being released. Double consonants occur inItalian and can be heard in English at word boundaries, as in take care orabout time. Failure to distinguish single and double consonants can resultin misunderstanding. Note, for example, káta ‘shoulder’, kátta ‘won’ orbata ‘butter’, batta ‘grasshopper’.Japanese also has syllables beginning with a consonant followed by y.This y is always pronounced as a consonant, like y in ‘yes’. We can heara similar combination of a consonant plus y in English words like new,cue, amusing, etc. One combination English speakers find difficult is theinitial ry in words like ryokan ‘a traditional Japanese inn’.The apostropheAn apostrophe is required in the romanisation to distinguish initial nfrom syllable-final n, which, you will recall, undergoes various soundchanges according to the sound which follows. Compare tan’i ‘unit’with tani ‘valley’ or kin’en ‘no smoking’ with kinen ‘memorial’.PitchIn the romanised vocabulary lists in the early units, the grammaticalsummary and the glossaries, we have indicated the Japanese pitch accent.A fall from high to low pitch, where it occurs in a word, is marked withthe acute accent mark . This mark on what we call ‘the accented syllable’ind
The Japanese language is the key to understanding Japanese culture and society. Studying Japanese can be a very rewarding experience in its own right, but, more important, it has great practical value for anyone wishing to do business with the Japanese or planning to visit Japan.
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The Colloquial Series Series Adviser: Gary King The following languages are available in the Colloquial series: * Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic (Levantine) Arabic of Egypt Arabic of the Gulf and Saudi Arabia Basque Bulgarian * Cambodian * Cantonese * Chinese * Croatian and
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