Bruce Jacob Maryland Big Memories
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 1Big MemoriesProf.Dr. Bruce JacobUniversity of MarylandOUTLINE The Capacity Problem Solution 1: BOB Memory Systems Solution II: Hybrid Memory Cube Solution III: Non-volatile Main Memories
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandThe Capacity ProblemSLIDE 2Two DDR2-400 DIMMsFour DDR2-400 DIMMsSource: Steve Woo. DRAM and Memory System Trends. October 2004.
BIG MEMORIESUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 3The Capacity Problem but wait, there’s more:Release of Increasing DIMM Capacities 16#GB#16"GB"DIMM Capacity (GB) Bruce ease Year 2008#2010#2012#
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 4Attempts at a Solution Highly Engineered DIMMs(can cost 1000 per DIMM) Fully-Buffered DIMMProblem: Capacity(pushes the power envelope)MCMCJEDEC DDRx 10W/DIMM, 20W totalFB-DIMM 10W/DIMM, 300W total
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 5Observations Cannot increase powersignificantly (e.g. to CPU scale) Cannot sacrifice aggregatebandwidth Need to approachcommodity pricing Future-proof designwould be highly desirable
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 6IBM Power 795Solution I: BOBBuffer On (mother-)BoardIntel SMI/SMBAMD G3MX
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 7Solution I: BOBBuffer On (mother-)Board
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 8Solution I: BOBBuffer On (mother-)Board
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE 9Solution II: Micron HMC
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE10Solution II: Micron HMCA single-chip BOB system
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE11Solution II: Micron HMC
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE12Solution II: Micron HMC
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE13Solution II: Micron HMC
s ConclusionsIIBIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversityisoffastis inexpensive,Marylandk), and hasbetterSLIDE14oadmap thanDRAMfirst-class citizen inory hierarchySolution III: Non-VolatilesCPU Speed, density, costvia load/storeuse DRAM to bufferftware managementreduces capacityon DRAM systemCan have TB-scale DIMMs today
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandmajor drawbackSLIDE15portant than theirtilized a 40 MHzable of 40 MB/s.he access latencyrage media of theapplications thatnew role with thebegun to matter.s that each manuis problem madensive as it had tondard. To fosterSD adoption, the0 standard [3].the array of flashSolution III: Non-VolatilesDRAM DIMMCore i7 CPUX86CoreX86CoreX86CoreX86CoreShared LastLevel CacheMemoryControllerPCIeControllerDDR3ChannelPCIe LanesSSDControllerONFiONFiDRAMNAND DevicesPCIe Solid State DriveDRAM DIMMCore i7 CPUX86CoreX86CoreX86CoreX86CoreShared LastLevel CacheDDR3ChannelHybridMemoryControllerBuffer ChannelNVControllerDRAMONFiONFiNAND DevicesNV DIMMFigure 1: System design for SSD (top) and hybrid memory
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE16Solution III: Non-VolatilesPerformance normalized to thatof TB-sized DRAM systemNormalized IPC1.210.8Un-Optimized Hybrid SLC0.6SSD MLC0.4Hybrid MLC0.2SSD SLC0Hybrid SLCerformance when combining all techniques. The IPC is normalized to the ideal case wientire working set.
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE17Bottom Line All three solutions arecomposable (this is GOOD) Power problem: solvable Bandwidth problem: solvable Cost problem: solvable HMC-style generic interfaceis future-proof by definition
BIG MEMORIESBruce JacobUniversity ofMarylandSLIDE18Thank You!Prof.Dr. Bruce JacobUniversity of Marylandblj@ece.umd.eduwww.ece.umd.edu/ blj
[11] D. P. Bovet and M. Cesati, Understanding the Linux Kernel, 3rd ed. O’Reilly Media, 2005. [12] J. Cooke, “Choosing the Right NAND for Your Application,” Micron, 2009. [13] oardmemory systems,” in Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ser. ISCA ’12, 2012. [14] C. Dirik and B. Jacob, “The .
LESSON 8: Jacob and Rachel Golden Children’s Bible: pp. 56-63 (Genesis 29-33) FACTS TO KNOW 1. Laban: rebekah’s brother; father of Leah and rachel 2. Rachel: Jacob’s beautiful wife 3. Leah: Jacob’s plain wife 4. Joseph: beloved son of Jacob and rachel 5. Israel: Jacob’s new name, given for contending with God MEMORY VERSE GENESIS 29:20 Jacob served seven years for Rachel and they .
Excerpts from Bruce Lee's Personal Training Diaries 186 23. A Compendium of Bruce Lee's Personal Training Routines 207 24.Training Routines Designed by Bruce Lee for His Students 236 A. Bruce Lee's Vital Statistics 244 B. Bruce Lee's "Muscle Machine": The Return ofthe Marcy Circu it Trainer
Transistor Sizing Bruce Jacob University of Maryland ECE Dept. SLIDE 22 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Transistor Sizing I The electrical characteristics of transistors determine the switching speed of a circuit Need to select the aspect ratios (W/L) n and (W/L) p of every FET in the circuit Define Unit Transistor (R 1, C 1) L/W min
Getting Started with Memories Builder DVD 2.1 3 How to Use Memories Builder DVD Version 2.1 Getting Started This section of the User’s Guide contains instructions for installing Memories Builder DVD 2.1. To begin reading about the program, see Memories Builder DVD – Core Concepts on p. 6.
listening so she told Jacob to get some young goats from the flock and bring them to her to cook for Isaac. Rebekah took some of Esaus clothes and dressed Jacob in them. She also covered the smooth parts of Jacobs arms and neck with goat skins. Jacob brought his father bread, wine, and the cooked young goat his mother prepared.
Jacob saw Esau, Esau wanted to kill him. God had reaffirmed to Jacob the promise He gave Abraham and Isaac, and He had promised to be with Jacob. But with Laban behind him and Esau before him, how could Jacob possibly survive? Jacob tried to prepare for his meeting with Esau.
Jacob saw Esau, Esau wanted to kill him. God had reaffirmed to Jacob the promise He gave Abraham and Isaac, and He had promised to be with Jacob. But with Laban behind him and Esau before him, how could Jacob possibly survive? Jacob tried to prepare for his meeting with Esau.
These educators volunteered to serve on eleven (11) English Languag e Arts grade level writing teams that met in Columbus, Ohio monthly from January to June 2017 to review the model curriculum and make updates to all current sections based on the need for clarity, detail, and relevance to the recently revised learning standards. Specialists also volunteered for resource teams that met .
