Reviewing Chemistry - Student Edition - Glencoe

CHAPTER 4The Structure of the AtomName:Date:Use the diagram below to answer question 1. 92 p proton (p) neutron (n) 146 n uranium-238 nucleus daughter(parent nucleus)nucleus Use the chart below to answer questions3 and 4.2p2nElement Atomic Isotope#helium-4 nucleus(alpha particle)hydrogenhydrogen-1hydrogen-21.01 amu2.01 amu99.9850.0156carbon-12carbon-13carbon-1412.00 amu13.00 amu14.00 amu98.901.090.018oxygen-16oxygen-17oxygen-1815.99 amu17.00 amu18.00 amu98.900.0380.200copper-63copper-6562.94 amu64.93 amu69.1730.831carbonCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.12The diagram above illustrates a nuclear reaction inwhich uranium-238 emits an alpha particle. Howmany protons and neutrons will the daughternucleus have?A90 p and 144 nB92 p and 142 nC92 p and 150 nD94 p and 148 noxygencopper293In his latest dig, Dr. Butrell found an abundance oflead (Pb) in some ancient artifacts. What is theatomic number of Pb?A80B81C82D83Reviewing Chemistry4%Atomic massof isotope abundanceThe chart shows isotopes of some common elements.Which property is used to name the isotopes?AAtomic numberBAtomic massCMass numberDPercent natural occurrenceThe atomic mass of an element is the weightedaverage mass of the isotopes of that element. Basedon this definition, which of these does NOT showthe correct atomic mass for an element?AHydrogen: 1.008 amuBCarbon: 12.011 amuCOxygen: 15.999 amuDCopper: 63.017 amuChemistry: Matter and Change7

CHAPTER 4The Structure of the Atom, continuedName:Date:Use the diagram below to answer question 5.Use the diagram below to answer question 7.raysalpha particle —nucleus of gold atompaths ofalpha particles raysrays - 5The diagram above shows the results of Rutherford’sexperiment in which he used a radioactive source to“shoot” alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil.Based on these results, what were Rutherford’sconclusions?Atoms are solid matter with positive andnegative charges scattered throughout.BAtoms are solid, positively charged matter withnegatively charged electrons scatteredthroughout.CAtoms are mostly empty space with small,dense, positively charged centers.DAtoms are mostly empty space with small,dense, negatively charged centers.786The cathode ray tube is a key component of which ofthe following revolutionary inventions?8AAutomobileBFax machineCTelevisionDPhotocopierChemistry: Matter and ChangeradioactivesubstanceThe diagram above shows how alpha, beta, andgamma rays are affected by two electrically chargedplates. Based on the paths the rays follow, what are therespective charges of alpha, beta, and gamma rays?Anegative, positive, noneBpositive, negative, noneCnegative, none, positiveDpositive, none, negativeIn the fourth century BC, Greek scholars rejectedDemocritus’s ideas about the atom. This rejectionwas most likely based on —AexperimentationBgovernment legislationCreligious beliefsDthe popularity of Aristotle’s ideas on natureReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Alead shield

CHAPTER 5Electrons in AtomsName:Date:In question 1, the speed of light, c, equals3.00 108 m/s.3Yellow light has a wavelength of 5.60 10–7meters. According to the formula, c , what is thefrequency of this yellow light?1A5.36 1014 s–1B5.36 1016 s–1C1.87 10–15 s–1D1.87 1015 s–1Use the diagram below to answer question 2.Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1234567891011121314wavelength2What is the wavelength of the wave shown above?A3.2 cmB3.5 cmC3.7 cmD4.0 cmReviewing ChemistryAthe release of gamma rays from the nucleusBthe return of excited electrons to lower energylevelsCthe movement of electrons to higher energylevelsDthe absorption of photons by the electronsIn question 4, Planck’s constant, h, equals6.626 10–34 J.s40When a potassium compound is placed in a flame,energy is released and a violet color is produced.This energy release is due to —According to Einstein, Ephoton h . What is theenergy of a photon if it has a frequency of6.82 1014s–1?A9.72 10–20JB1.03 10–20JC4.52 10–19JD4.52 10–20JChemistry: Matter and Change9

CHAPTER 5Electrons in Atoms, continuedName:5Date:Which of these is the ground-state electronconfiguration for an atom of fluorine (atomicnumber 9)?A1s22s2B1s22s22p3C1s22s22p4D1s22s22p57Which of these orbital diagrams represents achlorine atom in the ground state? Chlorine has anatomic number of 17.ABC6The electron configuration for an atom of iron is[Ar] 3d64s2. Which of the following is the correctelectron-dot structure for iron?FeBFeCFeD10FeChemistry: Matter and Change82p1s 2s2p1s 2s2p3s3p1s 2s2p3s3pThe arrangement of electrons in an atom of anelement determines the chemical properties of thatelement. Our present-day understanding of howelectrons are arranged in an atom is the result of allof these scientific contributions EXCEPT —ARutherford’s gold foil experiment that provedthe existence of the nucleusBBohr’s orbits that explained hydrogen’squantized energy statesCDe Broglie’s equation that led to thinking ofelectrons as both particles and wavesDSchrödinger’s wave equation that predictedatomic orbitalsReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.AD1s 2s

CHAPTER 6The Periodic Table andPeriodic LawName:Date:Use the graph below to answer questions 1–3.3Why are there no electronegativity values for theelements with atomic numbers 2, 10, and 18?AThe noble gases form very few compoundsbecause they are gases.BThe noble gases form very few compoundsbecause they are rare.CThe noble gases form very few compoundsbecause they are radioactive.DThe noble gases form very few compoundsbecause their electron configurations arevery stable.Electronegativity5432101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Atomic Number1The electronegativity of an element indicates therelative ability of its atoms to attract electrons toform chemical bonds. According to the graph, as youmove across a period in the periodic table —Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Athe atomic number increases and theelectronegativity increasesBthe atomic number increases and theelectronegativity decreasesCthe atomic number decreases and theelectronegativity increasesD4AbrittleBsolidCdullDgaseousthe atomic number decreases and theelectronegativity decreases52Metal is to malleable as nonmetal is to —Elements in the same group of the periodic tablehave similar chemical properties because theyhave —According to the graph, which of the followingelements has the strongest attraction for electrons?Athe same number of orbitalsAAluminum (atomic number 13)Bthe same number of valence electronsBBoron (atomic number 5)Catomic numbers that are multiples of each otherCOxygen (atomic number 8)Dthe same principal energy levelsDSulfur (atomic number 16)Reviewing ChemistryChemistry: Matter and Change11

CHAPTER 6The Periodic Table and Periodic Law, continuedName:Date:Ionization Energy (kcal/mol)Use the graph below to answer questions6 and leev left blank spaces in his periodic tablewhere he thought elements that had not yet beendiscovered should go. He was able to predict theproperties of these elements by —Astudying the spectra of stars that contained themBtesting their properties such as melting point,density, and valenceCnoting periodic trends in the properties ofknown elements that surrounded the blankspaces in the periodic tableDstudying the new elements produced byradioactive decay9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Atomic Number612A300 kcal/molB250 kcal/molC240 kcal/molD190 kcal/molUse the diagram below to answer question 9.PERIODIC TABLEthe principal energy level increases and the firstionization energy increasesBthe principal energy level increases and the firstionization energy decreasesCthe principal energy level decreases and the firstionization energy increasesDthe principal energy level decreases and the firstionization energy decreasesChemistry: Matter and Change13 14 15 16 172YYYYYY3ZZZZW4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WZ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z WZ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z WZ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z WZ ZWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWYWWWWWX X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X XElements with atomic numbers 4, 12, and 20 are inthe same group in the periodic table. As you movedown a group —A181YYYYYYY9The periodic table has an unusual shape because it isdivided into blocks representing the energy sublevelbeing filled with valence electrons. In the periodictable shown in the diagram, which sequence liststhese blocks in s-p-d-f order?AY, W, Z, XBW, Y, X, ZCY, Z, W, XDX, Y, Z, WReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.7The graph shows the first ionization energy forelements with atomic numbers 3–20. According tothe graph, what is the approximate first ionizationenergy for the element with atomic number 16?

CHAPTER 7The ElementsName:Date:Use the diagram below to answer question 1.ProtiumDeuterium3TritiumScuba tanks usually contain compressed air, which isessentially a mixture of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen(21%). In order to avoid a painful condition calledthe “bends,” deep-sea divers replace the nitrogenwith the noble gas nCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1Some nuclear reactors use heavy water to slow downneutrons produced during nuclear fission. Heavywater contains deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen.What is the mass number of deuterium?A1B2C3D4Use the diagram below to answer question 4.111H21.007923Li4Be6.941 9.012211Na312Mg22.990 24.3052A family of colorless, inactive gases was unknown atthe time Mendeleev conceived his periodic table.Eventually, these gases were discovered on Earth inthe late 1890s. What group does this family occupyin the modern periodic table?A5AB6AC7AD8AReviewing Chemistry4Lithium (Li), an alkali metal, has properties similarto and has a diagonal relationship with —Ahydrogen (H)Bberyllium (Be)Csodium (Na)Dmagnesium (Mg)Chemistry: Matter and Change13

CHAPTER 7The Elements, continuedName:5614Iron is to hemoglobin as magnesium is to —Aamino acidBchlorophyllCDNADprotein8As you move from top to bottom down a group inthe periodic table, which of the following happens?AValence electrons move farther from thepositively charged nucleus.BValence electrons move farther from thenegatively charged nucleus.CValence electrons move closer to the positivelycharged nucleus.DValence electrons move closer to the negativelycharged nucleus.Transition metals with unpaired valence electrons areattracted to a magnetic field. Which of theseelements is NOT able to form a permanent magnet?ACobaltBCopperCNickelMore than three times as much energy is used tomake a new aluminum can than to process a recycledone. The main reason for this difference is that—DIronAaluminum is not an abundant elementBaluminum has a high melting pointCit is difficult to extract aluminum from its oreDaluminum is not a reactive metal9In the periodic table, as you move from left to rightacross a period —Aatomic radius increases and ionization energyincreasesBatomic radius increases and ionization energydecreasesCatomic radius decreases and ionization energyincreasesDatomic radius decreases and ionization energydecreasesChemistry: Matter and ChangeReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.7Date:

CHAPTER 8Ionic CompoundsName:1Date:Which of these is NOT a cation?3An atom with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 is most likely —ANa BCl–Aa metal that forms a positive ionCMg2 Ba metal that forms a negative ionDK Ca nonmetal that forms a positive ionDa nonmetal that forms a negative ionUse the diagram below to answer question 2.Use the table below to answer question 4. - Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. - --- electron -- -- -CompoundNaClKBrLiFMgO positive ion42The diagram represents the arrangement of atoms ina metallic solid. Scientists believe that electrons inthe outer energy levels of the bonding metallic atomsare free to move from one atom to the next. Becausethey are free to move, these electrons are oftenreferred to as —The table shows the lattice energy for some ioniccompounds. Based on these data, which of thesecompounds would require the most energy toseparate the bonded ions?ANaClBKBrAdelocalized electronsCLiFBlattice electronsDMgOCmalleable electronsDvalence electronsReviewing ChemistryLattice Energy (kJ/mol)–769–671–1030–3795Chemistry: Matter and Change15

CHAPTER 8Ionic Compounds, continuedName:Date:Use the diagram below to answer question 5.6When atoms of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)combine to form salt (NaCl), an ionic crystal isformed. The Na ion is smaller than the Na atom,while the Cl– ion is larger than the Cl atom. Why?AThe Na and the Cl atoms both lost electrons.BThe Na and the Cl atoms both gained electrons.CThe Na atom lost an electron, while the Cl atomgained an electron.DThe Na atom gained an electron, while the Clatom lost an electron.IonicCompound75CaClBAthe formation of an ionic compound is anexothermic reactionCa2ClCCaCl2Bionic compounds are electrolytesDCa2Cl2Cions have an electrical chargeDwater is a good conductor of electricity816AChemistry: Matter and ChangeMost transition metals have more than one oxidationnumber because —Athey may lose d electrons when forming positiveionsBthey may lose f electrons when forming ionsCtheir electron arrangements are unstableDtheir electrons are closer to the nucleusReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.This apparatus was most likely designed to showthat —What is the chemical formula for a compoundformed from calcium ions (Ca2 ) and chloride ions(Cl–)?

CHAPTER 9Covalent BondingName:1Date:A molecule is formed when two or more atoms forma covalent bond. According to this definition, whichof these is NOT a molecule?ANaClBH2CHClDNH33In the polyatomic ion NH4 , the formation of acoordinate covalent bond between nitrogen andhydrogen involves —Ahydrogen transferring a pair of electrons tonitrogenBnitrogen transferring a pair of electrons tohydrogenChydrogen donating a pair of electrons to beshared with nitrogenDnitrogen donating a pair of electrons to beshared with hydrogenUse the table below to answer question 2.Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.NumberNumberof Atoms Prefix of Atoms anonadeca-4When hydrogen and fluorine combine, a polarcovalent bond is formed. Which of these formulas isthe best way to express this relationship?AH–FB H – F –The table shows some of the prefixes used to namebinary covalent compounds. What name would begiven to the compound PBr5?CH FAPhosphorus tetrabromideDHFBMonophosphorus pentabromideCPhosphorus pentabromideDPhosphorus hexabromideReviewing ChemistryChemistry: Matter and Change17

CHAPTER 9Covalent Bonding, continuedName:5Date:At room temperature, iodine (I2) is a solid andbromine (Br2) is a liquid. These molecules havedifferent melting points because of stronger —Acovalent bonds in iodineBcovalent bonds in bromineCintermolecular forces in iodineDintermolecular forces in bromineUse the diagram below to answer question 6.Normal1s 2s1s 2s18s2 orbitalBsp orbitalCsp2 orbitalDsp3 orbitalAH2SBH2SO3CH2SO4DH2SThe bond that holds two fluorine atoms together inan F2 molecule would be classified as nonpolarcovalent because —Aboth atoms are different and the difference inelectronegativity is largeBboth atoms are different and the difference inelectronegativity is zeroCboth atoms are the same and the difference inelectronegativity is largeDboth atoms are the same and the difference inelectronegativity is zero2p2pHybridizedThe diagram shows the electron configuration of anormal carbon atom and the rearrangement ofelectrons to form four new identical orbits in ahybridized carbon atom. This type of hybrid orbitalis called an —A8Which of these is the chemical formula forsulfurous acid?Chemistry: Matter and ChangeReviewing ChemistryCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.67

CHAPTER 10Chemical ReactionsName:Date:Refer to the diagram below to answerquestions 1–6.Zn(s) HCl(aq)Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.123ZnCl2(aq) H2(g)The chemical reaction represented by the equationwould be classified as a —Asynthesis reactionBdecomposition reactionCsingle-replacement reactionDdouble-replacement reactionThe skel

Welcome to Reviewing Chemistry This workbook is designed to strengthen your knowledge of the NSCS (National Science Content Standards) and provide additional chapter content review of your Glencoe textbook, Chemistry: Matter and Change. For each chapter in the Glencoe textbook, Chemistry: Matter and Change, two pagesFile Size: 751KBPage Count: 56Explore furtherDownload Free Glencoe Chemistry: Matter and Change - drevquuosites.google.comChemistry Matter and Change - Glencoe - Chapter 7 .quizlet.comChemistry: Matter and Change - Chemistry Textbook .www.brightstorm.comRecommended to you based on what's popular Feedback