US Govt. Perspective On Arctic Research
US Govt. Perspective onArctic ResearchJohn FarrellExecutive Director, USARCSERDP/ESTCPS/11/30/10/ / Oih Ai
Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188Report Documentation PagePublic reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering andmaintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, ArlingtonVA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if itdoes not display a currently valid OMB control number.1. REPORT DATE3. DATES COVERED2. REPORT TYPENOV 201000-00-2010 to 00-00-20104. TITLE AND SUBTITLE5a. CONTRACT NUMBERUS Goverment Perspective on Arctic Research5b. GRANT NUMBER5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER6. AUTHOR(S)5d. PROJECT NUMBER5e. TASK NUMBER5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Arctic Research Commission,4350 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite510,Arlington,VA,222039. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORTNUMBER(S)12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESPresented at the 15th Annual Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium & Workshop,30 Nov ? 2 Dec 2010, Washington, DC. Sponsored by SERDP and ESTCP.14. ABSTRACTThe Arctic region and Alaska?America?s Arctic?provide tremendous value to the United States. Without asignificant Arctic Research Program, however, those things we value in and from the Arctic?energy, food,security, biodiversity, fresh water, carbon sinks, pristine wilderness, more direct transport routes, richindigenous cultures?cannot contribute as well or be sustained. There is little human activity we know of inthe Arctic that is not ?knowledge based.? The Arctic continues to be rich in mysteries that can only besolved with pioneering exploration and research. With greater knowledge, the Arctic region can contributemore to both the global economy and the environment. Knowledge about Arctic processes can help protectthe world from expensive, unnecessary, and destructive climate change. The U.S. Arctic Research Programmust strengthen its efforts on five central and crosscutting themes 1. Environmental Change of the Arctic,Arctic Ocean, and Bering Sea 2. Arctic Human Health 3. Civil Infrastructure 4. Natural ResourceAssessment and Earth Science 5. Indigenous Languages, Cultures, and Identities15. SUBJECT TERMS16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:a. REPORTb. ABSTRACTc. THIS PAGEunclassifiedunclassifiedunclassified17. LIMITATION OFABSTRACT18. NUMBEROF PAGESSame asReport (SAR)3719a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSONStandard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
Opening the Arctic: Science Challenges toUnderstanding the Impacts of Climate ChangeTechnical Session No. 1AU.S. GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE ON ARCTIC RESEARCHDR. JOHN FARRELLU.S. Arctic Research Commission4350 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 510Arlington, VA 22203(703) 525-0113jfarrell@arctic.govThe Arctic region and Alaska—America’s Arctic—provide tremendous value to the UnitedStates. Without a significant Arctic Research Program, however, those things we value inand from the Arctic—energy, food, security, biodiversity, fresh water, carbon sinks, pristinewilderness, more direct transport routes, rich indigenous cultures—cannot contribute as well orbe sustained. There is little human activity we know of in the Arctic that is not “knowledgebased.” The Arctic continues to be rich in mysteries that can only be solved with pioneering,exploration and research. With greater knowledge, the Arctic region can contribute more to boththe global economy and the environment. Knowledge about Arctic processes can help protect theworld from expensive, unnecessary, and destructive climate change.The U.S. Arctic Research Program must strengthen its efforts on five central and crosscuttingthemes:1.2.3.4.5.Environmental Change of the Arctic, Arctic Ocean, and Bering SeaArctic Human HealthCivil InfrastructureNatural Resource Assessment and Earth ScienceIndigenous Languages, Cultures, and IdentitiesC-7
“The opening of the ‘fifth ocean,” the Arctic, forlonger periods of time, will provide new access toresources, migration of fishing stocks andeventually new trade routes, that can’t beoverstated.”‐Chief of Naval OperationsAdm. Gary RougheadRemarks at University of ChicagoConf. on Terrorism & StrategyOctober 12, 2010
Arctic region defined in US law
U.S. Arctic Policy (NSPD‐66/HSPD‐25) National/Homeland Security InterestsInternational GovernanceExtended Continental Shelf and Maritime BoundariesPromoting International Scientific CooperationMaritime TransportEconomic/EnergyEnvironmental ProtectionSeven policy areas – one overarching legal dynamic –relationship between international law, mainly the lawof the sea and national sovereignty
What is the USARC? Independent federal agency of presidential appointees thatworks with Congress and Executive branch Sets nation’s Arctic research goals and objectives Develops an integrated national Arctic research policy Helps create a national Arctic research program plan Facilitates cooperation among federal, state and localgovernments, and other nations with respect to Arctic research,both basic and applied
USARC setsnation’s Arcticresearch goals
USARC:establishesresearchgoals & hplanUSARC comments on budget to CongressWhite House:OMB/OSTPCongress:authorizers &appropriators
New ocean policy7/19/101 of 9 national priority objectives:“Changing conditionsIn the Arctic”
Presidentreassigns Arcticresearchcoordination fromNSF to NSTC
Impact on Arctic Research CoordinationFrom 7/22/10 Presidential MemoWhite HouseCongressOSTP/National Sci. & Tech. CouncilSecuritySci.Tech.Environment &Natural ResourcesJSOSTNSFChairsIARPCUSARC14 fed. agenciesProgram plan 400M/yrsets goalssets policycoord., coop.
Dr. Mike F. Sigler, NMFS, 6/29/09 talk Ice‐Diminished Arctic
Arctic has much ofworld’s remaining“undiscovered”fossil fuel13% oil30% natural gas20% natural gas liquids2009 USGS CARA report
Oil‐spill‐in‐iceresearch InteragencyCoordinating Committeeon Oil Pollution Research(ICCOPR). National oil‐spillresearch plan notupdated since ’97
Select AMSA Findings UNCLOS and IMO fundamental frameworks. Need to ratify. Winter sea ice remains but multi‐year ice won’t No specific, mandatory IMO enviro. standards for Arctic vessels Nearly all vessel traffic (thus far) is destinational Key drivers natural resource development & regional trade Arctic residents concerns & recognition of benefits Greatest threat oil release through accidental or illegaldischarge General lack of marine infrastructure
The MaritimeArctic of 2004High IntensityFishingSnapshot of SummerRed DogMine 235475 ShipsModes of ArcticMarine Transport -Destinational &Regional -Trans-Arctic -Trans-Arctic withTransshipment -Intra-Arctic6 ResearchShips107Voyages5 NWPTransits3-Ship8 NP Drilling27 Cruise Ships(53 2005)(150 2006)(200 2007)High IntensityFishing0 NSRTransits165 Voyages52 ShipsNoril’skComplexHundreds ofTransits
Total Greenland ice sheet melt areaincreased on average by 20% from 1979 to2006. On the western part of the ice sheetthe melt area increased by 30%The increasing trend in thetotal area of melting bareice is unmistakable at 13%per year
Sea Level Rise – Present day contributionsLet’s get the physics right, and evaluatethe dynamic discharge from ALL sources*Meier et al, Science, 21 July, 2007 Small Glaciers Dominate Sea Level Rise in the 21st CenturyFrom Bob Anderson, INSTAAR
FAQ 5.1, Figure 1
Florida inundation1 meter (3.3 ft) sea level rise
Miami Beach1‐m sea level risePopulation:87,933
Permafrost warming: Arctic Coastal PlainBorehole temperaturesGary Clow, USGSMeasured temperature profiles with extrapolated surface temperatures.Surface temps were 3.6 C warmer during 2007 than during the late‐70’s, early‐80’s.
Permafrost Degradation – North Slope, AKGary Clow, USGS
July 2003Gary Clow, USGSJ.W. Dalton Wellsite100 m of Arctic coastalerosion summer 2004Aug 2003Sept 2004Arctic OceanS. Flora, BLM
Alaskan Arctic coastal villagesTwo‐hour time lapse showing storm damage in Shismaref, Alaska
Qanuqtuurungnarniq the concept of being resourceful,demonstrating adaptability and flexibility inresponse to a rapidly changing world.Nettie FoxgloveSelawik, AKNikki Kahn/TWP photo
Boost infrastructure for Arctic Research Sustainable Arctic Observing Network (intl’ coop.)Cabled (fiber optic) observatoriesIcebreakersAlaska Region Research Vessel (Yes)Barrow & Intl’ Arctic Research CentersAdvance use of robotic remote sensing (sea, air, space)Satellites (NASA’s ICESat‐II, GRACE‐II, others)Declassify US intelligence data, mapping, imageryNuclear submarines (SCICEX), ice camps
Recommendations today Improve interagency Arctic research efforts &dovetail with new ocean policy efforts Get serious on Arctic Observing Network– Environmental research (wx, climate, sea ice, perma.)– Ice sheet and glacier dynamics Oil‐spill‐in ice research Ocean research infrastructure– US icebreakers (psst we’re down to one)
If implemented, the results will help Navyachieve Arctic missions in: Strategic deterrence Force Projection Maritime Security Maritime Domain Awareness Search and Rescue Regional Security Cooperation Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief
9/23/10Blake McBride, USNUSCG C‐130ADA flightThank you
US Govt. Perspective on Arctic Research John Farrell Executive Director, USARC. SERDP/ESTCP / S // 11/30/10 Oih Ai. The accessible Arctic Ocean. John W. Farrell Location: US Arctic Res. Commission, 4350 N. Fairfax Dr., Ste. 510, Arlington, VA 22203, jfarrell@arctic.gov Abstract: Scientific evidence indicates that global clima
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Arctic Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grants (Arctic DDRIG) Arctic Social Sciences, Arctic System Sciences, and Arctic Observing Network (DDRIG) PROGRAM SOLICITATION NSF 20-597 National Science Foundation Directorate for Geosciences Office of Polar Programs Full Proposal Deadline(s) (due by 5 p.m. submitter's local time): December .
Why the Arctic tundra is a maritime biome Very important to first of all carefully define the Arctic. Too many references are including the boreal forest as part of the Arctic! The Arctic (the region north of tree line with an Arctic climate, Arctic flora, and tundra vegetation) is a relatively narrow strip of land around the margins of the
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4. Place three arctic animals in their habitat. 5. List two ways arctic animals keep warm during the arctic winter. 6. Explore the cultural diversity of Native Americans that make the Arctic their home. 7. Express a concern for how human activities may impact the arctic environment and the future survival of animals that live there. 8.
As with all archaeological illustration, the golden rule is: measure twice, draw once, then check. Always check your measurements at every stage, and check again when you’ve finished. Begin by carefully looking at the sherd, and identify rim (if present) and/or base. Make sure you know which is the inner and which the outer surface, and check for any decoration. If you have a drawing brief .
