Annual Report Of 2011 UCR Data Collection: Crime In Texas .

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Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) BureauCrime Records ServiceLaw Enforcement SupportCOURTESY-SERVICE-PROTECTIONSteven C. McCraw, DirectorFor More Information, contact:Media and Communications OfficeKatherine Cesinger—Tom Vinger512/424-2080 or media@dps.texas.govUniform Crime Reporting Bureau512-424-2091 or ucr@dps.texas.govAnnual Report of 2011 UCR Data Collection:CRIME IN TEXAS : 2011T E X A S D E PA R T M E N T O F P U B L I C S A F E T YCrime in Texas OverviewFor the second consecutive year, the major crimerate in Texas has dropped significantly. Accordingto data compiled by the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, violent crime and property crimes both decreased in 2011 compared to 2010. The overallcrime rate—the number of crimes per 100,000population in Texas—decreased 8.3% in 2011.The violent crime rate was down 9.3% in 2011compared to 2010, and the property crime ratedecreased by 8.2%.This is also the second consecutive year that allseven index crime rates decreased. In 2011, murder was down 14.3%, rape 4.3%, robbery 15.4%,aggravated assault 6.9%, motor vehicle thefts 9%,burglary 7.9% and larceny-theft 8.2%.The total number of juvenile arrests in 2011dropped 15.1% from 2010, while adult arrests fell6.1%.“The continuing downward trend in index crimes isdirectly linked to the outstanding efforts of local lawenforcement in Texas,” said DPS Director StevenC. McCraw. “The dedication and perseverance ofall Texas law enforcement agencies in protectingthe citizens and visitors of this State is to be commended.”The number of assaults on police officers in 2011showed a 11.6% decrease from 2010. Four lawenforcement officers were killed feloniously in theline of duty in 2011, while 8 died in duty-relatedaccidents.In 2011, Texas law enforcement agencies reported146 incidents of hate crimes involving 148 victimsand 186 offenders. This marks a decrease of13.1% over 2010.Law enforcement agencies reported 177,983 family violence incidents involving 192,856 victims and189,004 offenders in 2011—a decrease of 8% infamily violence incidents compared to year before.2011 marks the first year sexual assault data hasbeen included in the Crime in Texas report. Agencies reported 18,088 sexual assault incidents involving 19,011 victims and 19,091 offenders in2011.STATISTICAL CRIME ANALYSISThe UCR ProgramIn an effort to quantify the increases and decreases in the number of crimes committed inTexas, the UCR program collects reports of crimesand arrests from Texas law enforcement agencies.The UCR program utilizes two different reportingmethodologies: Summary reporting and the NationalIncident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). TheSummary system collects the reports of seven indexcrimes. By contrast, NIBRS collects all of the datafor the index crimes captured by the Summary program as well as data on 38 other offense categories.Summary data (and Summary data derived fromNIBRS reporting agencies) is used in a statisticalsummary tool referred to as the Crime Index. Although arson is an index crime in that the number ofreported offenses are collected, arson is not included in the Crime Index.“While decreased crime as measured by the indexcrime rate is encouraging, it is neither an accuratereflection of all crime in Texas, nor does it properlyilluminate the threat posed by criminal enterpriseorganizations operating in Texas,” said DirectorMcCraw. “Contemporary organized crime is increasingly transnational, opportunistic, and hidden. Drugsmuggling, human trafficking, extortion, corruption,and kidnapping are just a few of the crimes committed by criminal enterprise organizations that are notreflected in Index Crime reporting. Greater participation in NIBRS will provide increased accuracy andutility to Texas crime statistics.”Index Crime RateThe crime rate reported by UCR is defined as thenumber of crimes committed per 100,000 population. This mechanism allows comparisons betweenperiods of time to be made without being affected bypopulation swings. For 2011, the Texas Crime Ratewas 3884.7 crimes per 100,000 population, a 8.3%decrease from 2010. The crime rate is based on the2011 Texas population of 25,674,681.Index Crime VolumeThe total estimated number of Index Crimes reported for 2011 was 997,380. This volume of crimerepresents a decrease of 6.4% when compared to2010.Data EstimationAlthough the Texas UCR program enjoys a high rateof participation among Texas’ law enforcement community, since it is strictly a voluntary program notevery agency reports its crime information. To provide data that is comparable to other years, it is necessary to estimate the information for non-reportingagencies. In 2011, 1062 law enforcement agenciesparticipated in the UCR program representing 99.8%of the population.

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 2CRIME RATE BY OFFENSEOffense2011CRIME BY VOLUME2010% ChangeOffense20112010% Robbery28,39932,865-13.6Aggravated Assault68,02871,561-4.9Aggravated 654,483-6.3Motor Vehicle Theft246.9271.3-9.0Motor Vehicle Theft63,37968,219-7.1Property Crime Total3475.93785.8-8.2Property Crime Total892,419951,971-6.3Index Crim e Total3884.74236.4-8.3Index Crim e Total997,3801,065,271-6.4Violent Crime TotalArsonIn 2011, reported arson offenses decreased 12.6%from 2010. Property damage from arson was reported at over 85 million in 2011 while it was reported at over 176 million in 2010.4,822 arsons in 20115,517 arsons in 2010Property ValueThe value of property stolen during the commissionof Index Crimes in 2011 was more than 1.8 billion.The value of stolen property recovered by Texas lawenforcement agencies in 2011 was more than 420million.MOST REQUESTED TEXAS ARREST TOTALS20112010% ChangeMurder667858-22.3Aggravated Assault22,10323,090-4.3Motor Vehicle Theft3,9794,721-15.7Driving Under the Influence 87,64494,434-7.2Drunkenness118,451 131,523-9.9Drug Possession118,432 125,956-6.0Sale & Manufacturing13,88114,630-5.1State Total Arrests1,063,803 1,143,961-7.0Violent Crime TotalTexas Peace Officers Killed or AssaultedFour Texas law enforcement officers were killedfeloniously in the line of duty due to criminal action during 2011.Eight Texas law enforcement officers were killedin duty-related accidents during 2011.There were 3,911 officers assaulted during 2011compared to 4,424 in 2010. This represents adecrease of 11.6%.TEXAS ARREST TOTALS 145,063155,925% Change-15.1-9.3-4.4-1.2-3.2-0.7-7.6 6.1 2.6-1.3-1.5-7.0-10.3Adults% Change964,689-6.1%1,027,263-4.6%1,076,548 1.9%1,056,580 2.0%1,036,294 3.8%998,493 3.5%965,153-1.0%974,681 6.0%919,150 1.4%906,513 1.7%891,437-2.2%911,925-0.6%917,463-0.8%

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 3HATE CRIMEThe Texas Hate Crime Act defines hate crimes as crimesmotivated by prejudice and hatred, including incidents forwhich statistics are kept under the federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act. The federal law defines hate crimes as crimesthat manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion,sexual orientation, ethnicity or disability.The Texas Hate Crimes Act directs every law enforcementagency within Texas to report bias offenses to the Department of Public Safety.Bias MotivationThe largest percentage of hate crime reports were racial innature. The second largest was sexual orientation. Thethird most common bias was ethnicity/national origin. Thefourth most common bias was religious and the fifth wasdisability.VolumeThe total number of reported Texas hate crime incidents in2011 was 146. This represents a decrease of 13.1% whencompared to 2010. These incidents involved 178 victims, 186offenders and resulted in a total of 148 offenses.2011 HATE CRIME QUICK STATS20112010% ChangeReported Incidents146168-13.1Reported Victims178179-0.6Reported Offenders1861850.5Reported Offenses148171-13.52011 Hate Crime Bias Motivation2010 Hate Crime Bias Motivation2011 HATE CRIME BIAS MOTIVATION2010 HATE CRIME BIAS ty18.5%13.0%0.7%Bias TypeOffenseCountAnti-White6BiasNatureGroup%Bias Pacific Islander30Anti-Multi-Racial4Anti-Male Homosexual24Anti-Female b5Anti-Black43Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander3Anti-IndianAnti-Multi-Racial0Anti-Male Homosexual36Anti-Female 19Anti-Other Ethnic/Nat'l NationalOrigin17.8%Anti-Hispanic21Anti-Other Ethnic/Nat'l Origin4Anti-Jew ish7Anti-Jew nti-Catholic2Anti-Other al1Anti-Islamic5Anti-Catholic21Anti-Other ental1ReligiousDisability10.7%0.5%

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 4HATE CRIMEOffensesOffendersOffenses in the hate crime data collection program are defined in accordance with federal Uniform Crime Reportingdefinitions and do not necessarily conform to Texas statedefinitions. Complete offense definitions are available inthe Crime in Texas annual publication or from UCR uponrequest.In 2011, 186 offenders were involved in incidents of hatecrimes. The following chart displays the suspected hatecrime offenders by race as a group (not individually.)Hate Crime offense information falls into the eight indexcrimes: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson—plussimple assault, intimidation and vandalism. Of these offense categories, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation and vandalism accounted for 97% of all bias crimeoffenses in 2011.HATE CRIME OFFENSESOffensesVolum eMurder0Robbery2Aggravated Assault23Burglary2Larceny-Theft0Motor Vehicle Theft0Arson0Simple 61.300026.425.729.7100%VictimsInformation on the victims of hate crimes is limited to victim type. While the bias motivation information identifiesthe offender’s bias, the victim may not actually belong tothe group the offender sought to harm. For this reason,information on the victim’s group membership is not recorded.Victim type in the hate crime data collection program islisted as: individual, business, financial institution, government, religious organization, other and unknown. Ofthe victim types, individuals were the main hate crimetarget.HATE CRIME VICTIM TYPEVictim TypeVolum eIndividual140Business5Financial Institution0Government0Religious Organization3Other0Unknow n0Total148%94.63.400200100%HATE CRIME OFFENDERS BY RACIAL GROUPWhiteBlackAmerican Indian/Alaskan NativeAsian/Pacific IslanderMulti-Racial .4146100%LocationIn 2011, bias crimes occurred most frequently in residencesand homes. The second most common locations were highways, roads, streets and alleys. Parking lots, garages,churches, synagogues, temples, and convenience storieswere the third most common locations.HATE CRIME LOCATION BY OFFENSELocationAir/Bus/Train TerminalBank/Savings and /Office BuildingConstruction SiteConvenience StoreDepartment/Discount StoreDrug Store/Doctor's Office/HospitalField/WoodsGovernment/Public eyHotel/MotelJail/PrisonLake/WaterwayLiquor StoreParking Lot/GarageRental Storage ice/Gas StationSpecialty 74.810.77350.021.442.700.000.053.4146100%

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 5FAMILY VIOLENCEThe Texas Family Code defines family violence as an actby a member of a family or household against anothermember that is intended to result in physical harm, bodilyinjury, assault, or a threat that reasonably places themember in fear of imminent physical harm. The law excludes the reasonable discipline of a child. By definition,“Family” includes individuals related by consanguinity(blood) or affinity, (marriage or former marriage), biological parents of the same child, foster children, foster parents, and members or former members of the samehousehold (including roommates). Senate Bill 68 of the77th Legislature amended the Family Code to include“Dating Violence”. The “Dating Relationship” means arelationship between individuals who have or have had acontinuing relationship of a romantic or intimate nature.2011 FAMILY VIOLENCE QUICK 9,0042010193,505211,769207,474% Change-8.0-8.9-8.9OffendersIn 2011, a reported 189,004 offenders were involved inincidents of family violence.Family Violence Offenders by Known AgeVICTIM’S RELATIONSHIPOther 5.7%44.4%Relationship Victim to OffenderHusbandWifeCommon-Law HusbandCommon-Law therStepmotherStepsonStepdaughterFoster ParentFoster otherSisterStepbrotherStepsisterMale RoommateFemale RoommateMale In-LawFemale In-LawOther Male Family MemberOther Female Family MemberUnknown Relationship-MaleUnknown 12.57.20.81.26.318.60.00.0VictimsIncidents of family violence in 2011 involved a reported192,856 victims.Family Violence Victims by Known Age

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 6FAMILY VIOLENCEOffensesFamily violence offense information falls into six generalcategories: assaults, homicides, kidnapping/abductions,robberies, forcible sex offenses, and non-forcible sexoffenses. Of the six main categories, assaults accountedfor 96.8% of all offenses.TYPES OF FAMILY VIOLENCE INJURIESFAMILY VIOLENCE OFFENSEST yp eGr o up%A ssaults95.8Of f enseA ggravated A ssault14.8Simple A ssault73.9Intimidatio n7.9M urder & No nnegligent M anslaughterHo micides0.9T o t al%0.08Negligent M anslaughter0.009Justifiable Ho micide0.002Kidnapping0.4Kidnapping/A bductio n0.4Ro bbery0.2Ro bbery0.2Fo rcible Rape0.9Fo rcible So do my0.3Sexual A ssault with Object0.2SexOffenses(Fo rce)2.4Fo rcible Fo ndlingSexOffenses(No Fo rce)0.3FAMILY VIOLENCE MAJOR INJURIES1Incest0.09Statuto ry Rape0.2OfficersPotential assaults on peace officers are a serious problem inherent to police intervention and investigation offamily violence. In 2011, during the course of reportedfamily violence incidents, 287 Texas law officers wereassaulted. During this same period 3,911 assaults weremade on law officers during all types of police activity.InjuriesThe extent of injuries sustained by victims of family violence are determined by the responding officer. Therefore, all injuries are noted at the time of the report. If latermedical attention indicates that the injuries were more orless severe than noted by the responding officer, thisinformation is not included in the family violence report.The majority of reported injuries (53.5%) were minor; in41.7% of family violence reports “no injury” was recorded.Major injuries were reported in 4.8% of the cases. Of themajor injuries, severe lacerations (27.3%) and possibleinternal injuries (28.5%) were the most common. Othermajor injuries were reported in 19% of the cases andapparent broken bones were noted in 10.9% of thecases.WeaponsThe most common weapon involved in family violencecases was physical force through the use of hands, feetand fists (strong arm), which accounts for 80% of theincidents. The Texas Family Violence law considers theuse of threats and intimidation to be serious enough toreport and, thus, 7.9% of the reports were listed as involving no weapons. Knives or cutting instruments(3.7%), blunt objects (2.3%), firearms (1.4%) and other(4.7%) account for the remaining cases. Included in the“other” weapons category are: motor vehicles, poison,explosives, fire, drugs, and miscellaneous weapons.WEAPONS USED IN FAMILY VIOLENCE

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 7SEXUAL ASSAULTIn response to a growing concern about sexual assaultincidents, the 80th Texas Legislative Session passedHouse Bill 76, which required the Texas Dept. of PublicSafety to establish guidelines and to collect, as part of theUCR Program, data about incidents that contain specificsexual assault offenses. Sexual assault incidents are aseparate set of distinct offenses that follow the state penal code, and do not always meet the guidelines for theUCR definition of Forcible Rape. Therefore, it was necessary to create a separate data collection program thatwas in no way related to UCR data collection. 2011marks the first year these crime statistics have been published.Victim’s RelationshipThe most significant number of sexual assault victims (inrelation to the offender) were: female acquaintances(17.3%), girlfriends (7.9%), daughters (5.6%), stepdaughters (5.4%), other female family members (10.4%), female friends (8.4%), otherwise known females (5.4%),and female strangers (9.7%). Most sexual assault victims were non-family members (55.4%), while 44.4% ofvictims were related to the offender.RELATIONSHIPS - VICTIM TO 3Parental/ChildVictims15.5Other FamilyIncidents201118,08817.6Other2011 SEXUAL ASSAULT QUICK STATS55.6Offenders and VictimsIn 2011, a reported 19,091 offenders and 19,011 victimswere involved in incidents of sexual assault.Relationship of VictimHusbandWifeCommon-Law HusbandCommon-Law WifeEx-HusbandEx-WifeBoyfriendGirlfriendHomosexual FemaleHomosexual ddaughterBrotherSisterStepbrotherStepsisterMale In-LawFemale In-LawOther Male Family MemberOther Fem ale Fam ily Mem berFriend-MaleFriend-Fem aleAcquiantance-MaleAcquiantance-Fem aleNeighbor (Male & Female)BabysitteeEmployerEmployeeOtherw ise Know n-MaleOtherw ise Know n-Fem aleStranger-MaleStranger-Fem aleUnknow n-MaleUnknow n-Fem haded and bolded entries represent significant percentages.

CRIME IN TEXAS ANNUAL REPORT 2011Page 8SEXUAL ASSAULTOffensesSexual Assault incidents are a separate set of distinctoffenses that follow the state penal code. The data collection program collects information on six specific offenses:OffenseSection 21.02Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Young Child or ChildrenSection 21.11(a)(1)Indecency w ith a Child by ContactSection 21.11(a)(2)Indecency w ith a Child by ExposureSection 22.011Sexual AssaultSection 22.021Aggravated Sexual AssaultSection 43.25Sexual Performance by a Child%2.8WeaponsThe most common weapon involved in sexual assaultcases was physical force through the use of hands, feetand/or fists (strong arm), which accounted for 93.8% ofthe incidents. Knives or cutting instruments (1.2%), bluntobjects (0.5%), firearms (1.2%), drugs (1.8%), asphyxiation (0.3%) and other weapons (1.2%) account for theremaining cases.25.24.544.522.10.9InjuriesThe extent of injuries sustained by victims of sexual assault are either determined by the victims themselves, theresponding officer or by a staff member at a hospital.Therefore, all injuries are noted at the time of the report.If later medical attention indicates that the injuries weremore or less severe than noted by the victim, respondingofficer or medical staff at the time of the initial report, thisinformation is not included in the sexual assault r

T E X A S D E PA R T M E N T O F P U B L I C S A F E T Y CRIME IN TEXAS : 2011 Annual Report of 2011 UCR Data Collection: Crime in Texas Overview For the second consecutive year, the major crime rate in Texas has dropped significantly. According to data compiled by the Texas Department of Pub- .

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