March 25, 2005 14:14 WSPC/Guidelines Chordsep

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e a boolean expression in conjunctive normal form with nvariables and m clauses such that each clause has three literals. Let GExp be thegraph (V, E), where V consists of the variables and clauses of Exp(x), and (xi , cj ) E if and only if variable xi occurs in clause cj . If GExp is planar, then decidingwhether there is a assignment of true and false values for x such that Exp(x) istrue is known as the planar 3SAT problem. If we also require that each clause hasexactly one true literal, the problem is known as planar 1-in-3SAT. Laroche 11proved that planar 1-in-3SAT is NP-complete. We prove our theorem by describinga polynomial-time reduction from this problem.We first show how to create a polygon P and a set of blue and red points froma planar embedding of the graph GExp . Figure 6 shows the encoding of a variable. We imagine that the boundary of the variable gadget is oriented clockwise.The inside of the variable is the connected portion of the boundary that bounds ahole; the remainder of the boundary is the outside. There are exactly two minimalsets of chords that separate the blue and red points within each variable gadget;these correspond to assigning the values true and false to the variable. The truesetting consists of chords that from the inside of the variable gadget go in clockwise direction acr

JEFF ERICKSON Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jeffe@cs.uiuc.edu FERRAN HURTADO Departement de Matem atica Aplicada II, Universitat Polit ecnica de Catalunya, Pau Gargallo 5,

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