Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale
Radio ControlFixed WingScaleRULES GOVERNING MODEL AVIATION COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES
Amendment ListingAmendment TopicPublication DateDescriptionCompetition RegulationDate1/1/2015Publication date removed.Amendments are to belisted to assist inreferencing all changes.Create RC Fixed WingScale CompetitionRegulations separate ofCL Scale1/1/2015RC Fixed Wing Scale tohave its own separateCompetition RegulationsSectionChange to type of aircraftmodeled1/1/2015Paragraph 5, ModelRequirementsOption to use grass orhard surface runway1/1/2015Paragraph 9.2Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scalei
Table of ContentsRC Fixed Wing Scale General . 11. Applicability . 12. General . 13. Safety Declaration . 14. Scale Builder–Flier Rule . 25. Special Events . 26. Profile Fuselages . 27. Minimum Flight Score . 28. Pyrotechnics . 3RADIO CONTROL SPORT SCALE . 31. General . 32. Safety Requirements . 33. Outdoor Events: . 44. Indoor Events: . 55. Model Requirements . 56. Proof of Scale . 67. Static Judging: . 88. Static Scoring . 109. Flight . 1010. RC Flight Plan . 1111. RC Flight Scoring . 1212. RC Sport Scale Classes . 1313. Official Score . 14RADIO CONTROL DESIGNER SCALE . 14Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scaleii
1. Eligibility . 142. . 14RADIO CONTROL FUN SCALE . 151. Eligibility . 152. Static Judging . 153. Flying . 154. Scoring . 15RADIO CONTROL TEAM SCALE . 151. Eligibility . 152. . 153. . 15RADIO CONTROL OPEN SCALE . 161. Eligibility . 162. . 16RADIO CONTROL SCALE FLIGHT JUDGING GUIDE . 161. Purpose . 162. Principles . 163. Accurate and Consistent Judging . 194. Judging Individual Scale Operations and Flight Maneuvers . 20RADIO CONTROL SPORT SCALE SOARING . 381. Applicability . 382. Definition . 393. Builder–Flier . 394. Proof of Scale . 395. Static Judging . 396. Static Scoring . 40Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scaleiii
7. Flight . 408. RC Flight Plan . 419. Flight Scoring . 4210. Official Score . 42RADIO CONTROL FLIGHT JUDGING GUIDE—SOARING SECTION . 431. Mandatory Maneuvers: . 432. Optional Flight Maneuvers . 443. Scale Operations . 45Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scaleiv
RC FIXED WING SCALE GENERALNOTE: For FAI events see the FAI Sporting Code.(The FAI Sporting Code may be obtained from AMA Headquarters upon request. (WhenFAI events are flown at AMA sanctioned contests the common practice is to only use thebasic model specifications and related items such as timing procedures, from the FAIrules. Contest management and procedures usually follow the basic rule structure foundin the General sections and specific category sections of the AMA CompetitionRegulations book.)1. ApplicabilityThe rules in this section not specifically stated as being for certain events willapply to all Scale events unless an exemption from them is stated in the rules foran individual event.2. GeneralA contestant may make only one entry in each scale event, unless more arespecifically allowed by the event rules. An AMA Scale event consists of twoparts—Static Judging and Flight Judging. Although the criteria for judgingdiffers between the various classes of scale models, the official score invariablyincludes both static and flight scores. The following is a listing of the scale modelclasses recognized for AMA competition.CLASS511 RC Sportsman Sport Scale512 RC Expert Sport Scale513 RC Sportsman/Expert Combined515 RC Designer Scale517 RC Sport Scale Soaring520 RC Fun Scale522 RC Team Scale523 RC Open Scale*All RC Scale Classes must comply with pertinent FCC rules and regulations, inaddition to AMA rules. A contestant may only be listed once in a list of winnersin each event and may only receive one award in each event.3. Safety DeclarationAt all sanctioned contests, each contestant shall sign an AMA Flight SafetyDeclaration, attesting to the fact that he or she has previously and is now capableof at least confidently performing in RC Designer, Team, Sport and Fun Scale, atakeoff, a Figure Eight as described in the Scale Flight Judging Guide and arealistic landing within a designated area; in Scale Sailplane competition, a towedor hand-launch, a Figure 8 and a realistic landing within a designated area.Furthermore, the contestant in all Scale events shall also sign a declaration thatAcademy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale1
any and all aircraft he uses in said competition have been successfully test flownprior to the start of competition, including all of the above maneuvers inapplicable events, and are therefore qualified to be flown in the contest, and in thepresence of fellow contestants, contest officials, and all others who may be in theflight area during competition.4. Scale Builder–Flier RuleThe builder and flier of a Scale model shall be one and the same person (except inteam scale). There shall be no team entries except in the case of RC Event #522.The Contest Director will make every reasonable effort to assure himself that eachflier has completely constructed the model(s) he uses in competition, includingthe covering, where used, with construct to be interpreted as the action required tocomplete a model with no more prefabrication than the usual kit. Kits containinglarge amount of prefabrication are permissible as long as the final assembly of theparts and covering and/or painting are done by the builder. Models which arecompletely prefabricated and require only a few minutes of unskilled effort fortheir completion shall be excluded from competition except as noted in individualevents.4.1. NoteThe RC Open Scale and the RC Fun Scale events allow use of aprefabricated model or one built by someone else.5. Special EventsThe CD may schedule special events restricted to scale models of specificclassifications. (Examples: Event limited to certain engine sizes. Event for multiengine only. Event for aircraft that flew in World War I. Event for civilianairplanes of a certain time period. Event for quarter scale models, CombinedSportsman–Expert event.) The exact qualification for entry in special events mustbe clearly outlined in the AMA sanction application and in all pre-contestannouncements and publicity.6. Profile FuselagesProfile fuselages are permitted in all scale events unless the rules for the particularevent specifically state that they are not allowed. The scale judges will applyappropriate downgrading of scores for the non-scale fuselage cross section of theprofile fuselage and for the appearance .7. Minimum Flight ScoreAll scale entries are required to attempt flight in order to be eligible to place in thecompetition. A static score alone is not sufficient to qualify. A score of at leastone (1) point awarded for flight is the minimum acceptable score. In applicationof this rule, any model that has become airborne from a takeoff or hand launchwill be considered to have achieved at least one (1) flight point, except in the FreeAcademy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale2
Flight events which have minimum flight times for an official flight. Pointsgained in a taxi maneuver prior to the takeoff run or those that may be awardedfor the takeoff run itself during which the model does not become airborne do notcount toward satisfying this minimum score requirement. “Airborne’’ will be heldto mean to entirely leave the ground or the hand of the launcher.8. PyrotechnicsScale Operations involving pyrotechnics (including, but not limited to, rockets,explosive bombs dropped from models, smoke bombs, all explosive gases andany ground mounted device launching a projectile) are not permitted in Scalecompetition.RADIO CONTROL SPORT SCALE(SPORTSMAN AND EXPERT)For events 511, 512, 513.1. GeneralAll pertinent FCC regulations and AMA regulations (see sections titledSanctioned Competitions, Records, Selection of Champions, General, and ScaleGeneral) shall be applicable, except as specified below.2. Safety RequirementsConsideration of safety for spectators, contestants, and officials are of the utmostimportance in this event. Noncompliance with the following safety provisions iscause for disqualification.2.1.All models must pass a general safety inspection by the Contest Directoror his representatives before flying.2.2.In RC, any flying over a controlled spectator area will be cause forimmediate disqualification of the flight.2.3.Dangerous flying of any sort, or poor sportsmanship of any kind, shall begrounds for disqualification of the contestant involved.2.4.All planes entered must have rounded prop spinners or some sort of safetycover on the end of the propeller shaft (such as a rounded “acorn nut’’).Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale3
2.5.Knife-edged wings are not allowed.2.6.Metal propellers are not allowed for flying.3. Outdoor Events:3.1.There are no restrictions as to types of power plants that may be used inRC Sport Scale models that are flown outdoors. Reciprocating internalcombustion engines (including two-stroke, four-stroke, glow, gas, CO2,compressed air), electric motors, and turbojet engines are allowed.3.2.Turbojet engines up to a maximum of forty-five (45) lbs. thrust, asdetermined by manufacturer’s specifications, may be used, subject to anycurrent AMA safety waivers in effect at the time of the competition.3.3.With the exception of electric motors and turbines, the engine(s) must beequipped with an effective muffler or silencer to limit noise output. Atuned pipe is considered a muffler.3.4.RC Sport Scale models that are flown outdoors shall weigh no more than55 pounds, ready for flight, including fuel.Exceptions to this rule shall include the following:a. Turbine powered model aircraft are allowed to a maximum weight of 75pounds, ready to fly, including fuel.b. Propeller powered model aircraft are allowed to a maximum weight of100 pounds, ready to fly, with fuel.These exceptions are allowed subject to the restrictions and addedrequirements, for both aircraft and pilots, which are found within theofficial AMA 520A, 520B and 520C documents governing Large ModelAircraft. If the event rules to be used vary from those stated in theCompetition Regulations for RC Sport Scale event #512, prior permissionmust be obtained for the rules in order for the model types stated above tocompete in the event.Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale4
4. Indoor Events:4.1.RC Sport Scale models that are flown indoors must be powered withelectric, CO2, or compressed air motor(s). No other type of power plant ispermissible for indoor flying.4.2.RC Sport Scale models that are flown indoors shall weigh no more than 12ounces ready for flight, including fuel or batteries.4.3.Maximum wing loading of the model, ready for flight, shall not exceed 6ounces per square foot.4.4.Due to wide variations in the size and shape of indoor flying sites, theContest Director has authority to adjust sections 4.2. and 4.3. as needed tofit the contest flying site and local conditions. In all cases, any deviationfrom these rulebook specifications must be noted in all pre-contestannouncements and literature well in advance of the event.4.5.Because of the size restrictions that indoor flying naturally imposes on theflight of a model, the Contest Director has authority to adjust any of themaneuver descriptions in the “Radio Control Scale Flight Judging Guide”to fit the size of his facility. For example, the Judging Guides says that theFly- Past should be flown between 10 - 20 feet altitude for at least 5seconds. At many indoor flying facilities that would be impossible. In allcases, any deviation from the Judging Guide maneuver descriptions mustbe noted in all pre-contest announcements and literature well in advanceof the event.5. Model RequirementsA scale model shall be a replica (copy) of a heavier-than-air, fixed wing aircraft.Only prototype aircraft that actually made flights can be selected as subjects forcompetitive modeling. “Penguin’’ ground trainer types not meant to leave theground, proposed designs, mockups, and actually constructed functional aircraftthat were never test flown cannot be used. The Contest Director may disqualifyany entry which, in his opinion is not a bona fide scale model. Enlargement ofwing and tail area, changes in dihedral angles, changes in landing gear placement,simplification of structure, etc., are permitted, but with appropriate deductionsduring scale judging. Extreme deviations from scale dimensions, particularlyAcademy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale5
those which noticeably alter the resemblance of the model to its prototype, will beheavily penalized. Models which only simulate scale appearance by componentshapes resembling a prototype aircraft, but whose basic design bears norelationship to it, are not permitted. The preceding sentence does not necessarilyrule out profile fuselages unless other parts of the model are also non-scale. Thescale judges will apply appropriate downgrading of scores for the non-scalefuselage cross-section of the profile fuselage and for the appearance. If the pilotis visible in flight in the prototype aircraft then a man-shaped dummy pilot ofscale size and width must be visible in the model during flight. The dummy pilotfigure will not be scored or considered in any way during Scale Judging. If thecontestant wishes, he may present his model for Scale Judging without the pilotfigure in place, and no downgrading will be done by the judges if he does so. Thecontestant will be allowed only one (1) entry in RC Sport Scale. At any one (1)contest, this entry may not also be entered in RC Fun Scale, Designer Scale, orTeam Scale, although separate models may be entered by the same contestant inthese events.6. Proof of ScaleTo prove that the model resembles a particular prototype, some proof of scalematerial is required.6.1.Proof of Scale is the responsibility of the contestant.6.2.To be eligible for Accuracy of Outline points, one (1) of the followingmust be provided by the contestant:Either: a. A three-view drawing (line, tone or color). Drawings with morethan three (3) views are also acceptable. The three-view scale drawingsmust be from a reliable source such as the aircraft manufacturer, model oraviation magazines, books, etc. Commercially available three-viewdrawings are acceptable. Plans of non-flying solid or replica models, eitherkit or magazine, are acceptable. Homemade or non-published drawings,corrected three-views, or drawings of flying models are not acceptableunless approved in advance by an authoritative source such as the AMATechnical Director, aScale Contest Board member, the manufacturer or builder, or othercompetent authority. Suitable photos, historical background, andsupporting data must accompany the drawings submitted for approval topermit verification.Or: b. A selection of photos of the aircraft modeled, sufficient to show theoutlines of the aircraft in side view, front view and plan view. Thephotographs need not be taken from directly overhead or at exactly 90Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale6
degree angles to the side or front of the outlines, but can be pictures takenfrom oblique angles which allow the judge to interpret the outlines.Or: c. A plastic model of the type available commercially, unmodified andunpainted may be used. The use of a plastic model as proof of Accuracy ofOutline will require the deletion of two (2) 8-1/2" x 11" pages or theirequivalent as provided for in paragraph 4.5, below.The contestant may furnish a three-view, set of photos or an unpainted,unmodified plastic model— or any combination of these items—forAccuracy of Outline judging if he desires, but he is not required to furnishall or any two (2) of them. No downgrading of the Accuracy of OutlineScore will be done by the judges if only one of the above listed items (a, bor c) is provided and not either of the others.6.3.To be eligible for Finish, Color, and Markings points, some proof of thecolor scheme used on the model is required. This can be:Either: a. Photo or photos.Or: b. Some other pictorial representation, such as a magazine or otherpublished color painting or drawing.Or: c. A detailed written description of the color scheme and/or markingsfrom a reliable source.Or: d. Notes and diagrams of markings on black-and-white three-view.(“Profile’’ and similar types of color paintings in three-view form can beused for both proof of Accuracy of Outline and Finish, Color, andMarkings.) The contestant may provide a photo(s), pictorial, written orthree-view notes on color and markings or any combination of theseitems—for Finish, Color, and Markings, but he is not required to furnishall or any two (2) of them. No downgrading of the Finish, Color, andMarkings score will be done by the judges if only one of the above listeditems (a, b, c, or d) is provided and not either of the others.6.4.If no proof of Accuracy of Outline accompanies the model, no points canbe awarded for Accuracy of Outline. If no proof of Finish, Color, andMarkings accompany the model, no points can be awarded for Finish,Color, and Markings. Points for Craftsmanship and Flight may still beawarded, even if one or both of the requirements for proof of Accuracy ofOutline and Finish, Color and Markings are not complied with. It is notthe intent of the documentation rules to limit the choice of scale subjectsonly to those aircraft for which a large amount of data is easily availableAcademy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale7
or penalize the use of rare color or markings schemes. In many cases it isnot possible for the builder to provide enough photos of the same plane tocover all aspects of color or markings. In these cases no downgrading willbe made for lack of proof of the “other’’ side, or bottom, etc. or use ofwritten proof of color in lieu of color photos or drawings.6.5.To facilitate rapid judging, Sport Scale documentary presentations arelimited to no more than eight (8) pages (one (1) side) sized 8-1/2" x 11" oran equivalent area of some other arrangement. “To facilitate rapid judging,up to three (3) sets of the same three-view used as documentation may beprovided by the contestant and will only count as one (1) page in thedocumentation presentation.” Three-views larger than 8-1/2" x 11" ormore than one (1) page are permitted and will also count as one (1) pageof the eight (8) allowed for documentation.7. Static Judging:7.1.Static judging shall be done at a distance of 15 feet from the model. It isrecommended that two (2) lines 15 feet apart be established. The model isthen placed behind one (1) line with no portion allowed to intrude into the15-foot space. The judges will remain behind the other line during thejudging. The owner of the model or a contest official, at the discretion ofthe modeler, other than the judges, will then rotate or move the model topositions requested by the judges in order to see all views of the model.The model may be placed on a table if desired.7.2.The judges will not pick up or examine the models closely before orduring the judging. This rule is not intended to prevent display of theentries before or after judging for the benefit of spectators. The modelsmay be displayed on the contest flight line, in a scale cage or whateverother area the Contest Director wishes to designate.7.3.Cockpit and cabin interiors, even if partially visible from the judgingdistance, are not to be considered in scoring the model. All other visiblefeatures will be considered.7.4.Subjects having un-cowled radial engines or configurations whose shapedoes not provide sufficient space such as the Spitfire, P-63, etc., or nose orAcademy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale8
cowling sizes dictated by the scale to which the model has been built,which do not lend themselves to any practical method of completelyconcealing a standard type model engine, will not be downgraded in scalejudging, when, of necessity, part of the engine must be exposed or nonscale openings are made for engine cooling. In the case of the requiredmuffler installation, no scoring penalty of any kind will be applied by thejudges, either for a protruding or fully exposed muffler or for the hole inthe cowl or fuselage necessary for attachment of the muffler or silencer tothe engine.7.5.No changes shall be made between judging and flying which alter thescale appearance of the model except as noted below.a. A flying propeller of any diameter and color may be substituted for ascale propeller for flight.b. The propeller spinner used in flying must be a similar size, shape andcolor as the one presented for scale judging except that it may have adifferent number of cutouts appropriate for the flying prop. The nose ofthe flying spinner may be rounded to comply with the safety regulations.The flying spinner must be presented to the judges during static judging. Ifthe flying spinner varies significantly from the static spinner, the modelmust be static judged with the flying spinner installed on the model.c. A radio antenna of any type may be added.d. Models of seaplanes or flying boats are permitted to use non-scaledevices or dollies for takeoff in the absence of suitable water conditions.If dollies are used they must not be attached to the model in flight.Deviations from scale through the inclusion of permanently mounted,recessed wheels, skids, plug-in removable landing gear or similar devices,if neatly and inconspicuously executed will not be penalized in the scoringof Accuracy of Outline points.e. If bombs, rockets, drop tanks, etc., are to be dropped or released, theymust be in place at the time of judging. The bombs or other armament inplace at scale judging may be replaced during flying if the replacementsare the same size, shape, and color as those submitted for scale judging.Static judges will make note on the static judging sheet of all observeddroppable stores in place on the model at the time of static judging.f. Sharp pitot tubes projecting from the wing or fuselage will be removedbefore flight as a safety consideration. No downgrade will be made to theflight realism score.Academy of Model AeronauticsCompetition Regulations Radio Control Fixed Wing Scale9
g. Where a model is equipped with a tailskid and the takeoff surface ispaved, a tail wheel may be added, for flying only, to assist groundcontrollability. This wheel may not be added where a grass takeoff surfaceis available to the contestant to use if he chooses.8. Static Scoring100 points maximum may be earned as follows:CategoryPointsAccuracy of Outline(General Impression)Maximum 40CraftsmanshipMaximum 30Finish, Color and MarkingsMaximum 309. Flight9.1.It is suggested that Scale Judging take place before official flights. If thisis not possible or desirable, the Contest Director may hold part or all of theofficial flying before Scale Judging. Any damage caused to the model byflying before Scale Judging will be disregarded and not counted againstthe contestant. There is no maximum limitation of the number of officialflights allowed during the time scheduled for the event, but a minimum ofthree (3) rounds should be scheduled.9.2.All flights shall be ROG unless the Contest Director certifies that groundconditions do not allow this, in which case hand launch may be used.Model configuration and ground conditions may also make hand launchesimpractical. Where site conditions and flight line safety can still providefor takeoff and landing despite poor ground or wind conditions, thelanding and takeoff may become optional in score for flight schedule andother maneuver options selected as their replacement prior to flight. TheCD may also certify this option for tail skid aircraft (such as WW- 1) orany aircraft prior to a contest for a variety of known site conditions orlimitations. When used, each added replacement
515 RC Designer Scale 517 RC Sport Scale Soaring 520 RC Fun Scale 522 RC Team Scale 523 RC Open Scale *All RC Scale Classes must comply with pertinent FCC rules and regulations, in addition to AMA rules. A contestant may only be listed once in a list of winners in each event and may on
WiNG 5.9.2 adds ability to migrate WiNG Express AP to WiNG Enterprise AP. Once upgraded to WiNG 5.9.2, WiNG Express AP will become functionally equivalent of WiNG Enterprise AP. Following WiNG Express APs can be migrated by upgrading to WiNG 5.9.2: AP 6522E, AP 6562E, AP 7502E, AP 7522E. WiNG Express controllers are not supported with WiNG 5.9.2.
Mustang 3 Wing is a 2-place, weight-shift controlled light sport aircraft wing constructed of high quality aircraft-grade materials. The wing is available in 15M, 17M, and 19Msizes. The assembly process will provide a strong familiarity with your wing’s components that will help you maintain and enjoy this trike wing for many years of fun .
SAWE Society of Allied Weight Engineers CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics FEM Finite Element Methods DOE Design of Experiments S Area S Wing Wing reference area S Wing,exp Exposed wing area S Wbox Wing box area S Wbox,exp Exposed wing box area S MLGD Area of Main Landing Gear Doors
Finite Wing Theory To date we have considered airfoil theory, or said another way, the theory of infinite wings. Real wings are, of course, finite with a defined length in the “z-direction.” Basic Wing Nomenclature Wing Span, b – the length of the wing in the z-direction Wing Chord, c – equivalent to the airfoil chord length
Skin which are necessary for the strength of the wing. The main function of these is to distribute the payload and the forces which act on the aircraft wing including shear forces, tensile forces and direct forces. 1.1 Basic definition of wing parts 1.1.1 Spar Longitudinal member in the wing. Generally wing having two
CCC-466/SCALE 3 in 1985 CCC-725/SCALE 5 in 2004 CCC-545/SCALE 4.0 in 1990 CCC-732/SCALE 5.1 in 2006 SCALE 4.1 in 1992 CCC-750/SCALE 6.0 in 2009 SCALE 4.2 in 1994 CCC-785/SCALE 6.1 in 2011 SCALE 4.3 in 1995 CCC-834/SCALE 6.2 in 2016 The SCALE team is thankful for 40 years of sustaining support from NRC
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