MWEA Annual Conference

Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineeringwww.kieser-associates.comUrban Stormwater Management – AchievingCompliance GoalsMWEA AnnualConferenceJune 25, 2013K. Brian Boyer, P.E.Environmental Engineering ManagerandMark S. KieserSenior ScientistKieser & Associates, LLCbboyer@kieser-associates.com

Overview Western Michigan University (WMU) SettingWMU Stormwater ConcernsMS4 permit history and policy shiftCompliance planning & sustainabilitySW controls and progress towards goalsImplications of strategic planningThe future of urbanstormwater management

Kalamazoo River WatershedKalamazoo RiverWatershed2,020 sq. milesLake Allegan051015WMUSCALE (MILES)MICHIGANPortage & ArcadiaCreekSubwatershed

Setting Highly urbanized campus/watershed 807-acre campus25,000 students75% impervious coverClassified as “high densityresidential”MS4 (Phase II)Control of land/infrastructure WMP for 64,000-acre“Portage & ArcadiaCreeks”

WMU Stormwater ConcernsBernhard Student Center Direct SW discharges 64 outfalls to Arcadia CreekPreservation of facilities Protect infrastructure Reduce flood potential Regulatory compliance Waldo Football StadiumSteam lines from Power Plant

WMU Stormwater Policy WMU voluntary stormwater permit (2000)Formal MS4 permit 2003Internal 2008 Guidelines for SW Controls No new outfalls or discharges will be createdProjects over 1-acre will have ZERO dischargeModeling required to evaluate stormwater systemsContractor requirementsRoutine maintenanceTesting throughout construction

TMDL Compliance Planning ProjectIdentify “stormwater footprint” (1998 & present)Establish performance metrics for stormwater controls Phosphorus (lbs/yr) – TMDLTotal Suspended Solids (tons/yr) – Downstream City Flood Control StructureRunoff volume (ft3/yr; gal/yr; acre-ft/yr) – Campus flooding/infrastructure protectionDetermine WMU TMDL compliance statusIdentify future BMP optionsIntegrate SW planning for campus projectsFuture BMP monitoring planPursue Stormwater NeutralTM goalNet-zerophosphorus load

GIS & Design Data Utility Infrastructure Data 1,426 storm structures 64 outfalls 28 miles of storm sewer piping Aerial Imagery CatalogBase Mapping Impervious vs. pervious surfaces LiDAR elevation data (2008) Engineering Designs Basis-of-design calculations As-built documents

1998 Campus SW Control Areas Campus area 807acres (including BTR park) 151.7 acres treated 18.8% of campus TP Load 764 lbs/yr

Methods/Tools DEQ Water Quality Trading Rule calculations Rainfall data to generate runoff Land use and impervious surface areas Event mean concentrations by land use(locally confirmed with monitoring) Kzoo River Urban Stormwater BMP Screening Tool Selectively calculates runoff volume, TP and TSS loading Calculates general stormwater treatment and costs Used in Kalamazoo River WMP

NPS Loading CalculationsMI Trading RulesML EMCL x RL x KWhere:(Eq. 1)ML Loading factor from land use L (pounds/acre/year)EMCL Event mean concentration of runoff from land use L (mg/L)RL Total average surface runoff from land use L computed from Eq. 2 (inacres-in/year)K Unit conversion factor of 0.2266Runoff Equation:RL [CP (CI – CP ) x IMPL ] x AL x IWhere:(Eq. 2)RL Total average annual surface runoff from land use L (acre-inches/year)CP Pervious area runoff coefficient (0.20)CI Impervious area runoff coefficient (0.95)IMPL Fractional imperviousness of land use LAL Area of drainage unit (acres)I Long term average annual precipitation (inches/year)

Parking Lot 23 ProjectControl TypeParking Lot 23Detention/InfiltrationSediment ForebayWet Detention/InfiltrationNative vegetationServes 32 acresAnnual TPReduction28 lbs50%Annual TSS Reduction4 tons50%Annual VolumeReduction30 ac-ft50%

Chemistry Building ProjectControl ated SwalesNative vegetationServes 10.5 acresAnnual TPReduction15 lbs100%Annual TSS Reduction2 tons100%Annual VolumeReduction18.5 ac-ft100%

Richmond Center / Kohrman Hall ProjectControl TypeRCVA/KohrmanInfiltrationSub-Surface Retention &InfiltrationPreserves Open-SpaceServes 14 acresAnnual TPReduction23 lbs100%Annual TSS Reduction3 tons100%Annual VolumeReduction27 ac-ft100%

Howard / Stadium CMI ProjectControl TypeHoward/Stadium CMIDetention/InfiltrationWet Detention & InfiltrationFloodplain EnhancementNative VegetationStreambank RestorationServes 102 acresAnnual TPReduction86 lbs50%Annual TSS Reduction27 tons50%Annual VolumeReduction120 ac-ft50%

WMU Parkview Campus ProjectControl e Retention &InfiltrationNative VegetationServes 197 acresAnnual TPReduction123 lbs100%Annual TSS Reduction24 tons100%Annual VolumeReduction150 ac-ft100%

Campus SW Control Areas 15 BMPs since 1998 468.8 acres treatedincluding BTR (blue areas) 59.8% of campusBTR ParkOff-CampusContributingAreas

2011 WMU TMDL Compliance1998 TMDLBaseline764 lbs/yrOn-CampusControls onlyTMDL Goal382 lbs/yrOn-Campus and OffCampus Controls (i.e.,offsets)Off-Campus controls financiallysupported by WMU

Progress Towards GoalsCurrent 2013 StatusTMDLComplianceStormwaterTMNeutral (Net zero TPdischarge)OffCampusOffsetsRunoffVolume

Arcadia Creek Loading to K-zooRiverTotal Phosphorus (TP)2,091lbs/yrTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)Volume539769tons/yrMgal/yrTable 3-1 of Portage-Arcadia Creek WMP.See : http://www.kalamazooriver.net/pa319new/wmp update.htmWMU Stormwater ReductionsWMU BMPsArcadia Creek TotalWMU Reduction to Creek /yr)22476925.623.629.1

Next Steps and New Opportunities Future On-campus SW Control Options 315 acres of main campus remain untreated Prioritization of future effortsStormwaterControl LocationCost ( )Vol ( /ac-ft)TSS ( /ton)Lot 48-North of Oaklands-DavisBHCHall 37,490 51,280 18,256 13,826 4,109 4,888TP ( /lb) 693Priorities!LawsonLot 64 88,036 8,574 6,136Remaining Lot23 19,500 70,020 6,060 930 1,207 1,069Stormwater Runoff Volume: Relative ComparisonPercent of Combined Total (ac-ft/yr)60Percent (%) 698LawsonLot 63 39,477 10,783 4,91650403020100Lot 48-North ofBHCOaklands-DavisHallLawson- Lot 63Lawson-Lot 64Remaining Lot 23

0Rain GardenLot 94(FTCH)GardensLot 94 RainBrown HallBaseball FieldRead Fieldhouse SidewalkOliver/Cass Street Reconstruction 50,000KCMS Parking Lot 60,000Kohrman Hall/RCVAParking Lot 55Parking Lot 95Western View (Knollwood ) Apts.Chemistry BuildingRead Arena FloodplainSchneider HallIncreasedWeir Height 96/lbLawson Ice Arena - Lot 64, 63Remaining Lot 23Lawson Arena - Lot 70Lawson Ice Arena - Lot 63, 75Existing BMPs TP ( /lb)College of Health & Hum. Serv.Lot 97Parking Lot 76The Oaklands*/Davis Hall*Lot 48 - North of BHCParking Lot 23Power Plant StreambanksArcadia Creek CMI Valley Dr. 10,000Schnieder Hall upgrades 20,000Goldsworth Valley PondTP Load Reduction ( /lb)Existing/Proposed BMPsExisting BMPsand( /lb)ProposedTP Load ReductionAnalysis(20-yrBMPslife cycle costs)TP Load Reduction Analysis ( /lb) 70,000Proposed BMPs TP ( /lb)Rain Garden 63,580/lb 40,000 30,000Infiltration 1,879/lb

Cost Implications (2013 s) Total PhosphorusTotal Suspended SedimentRunoff VolumeArea Served 150 - 5,500/lb 400 - 30,000/ton 180 - 13,000/ac-ft 200 – 10,500/acre 4.18M initial investment( 5.3M valuation in 2013 s) 702 lbs/yr TP reduction( 14,040 lbs TP over 20 yrs) 5,950/lb( 377/lb TP in 2013 s) Compliance Planning Costs: 1,200/outfall (64 outfalls) 1.5% of overall SW control initial investments

Project Benefits and Outcomes Confirmed TMDL LA achieved (52% reduction)First MS4 to reach local TMDL reduction goal59% of campus now treated by 15 BMPsNew SW prioritization schemewith established metrics Approaching StormwaterNeutralTM goal Template for other MS4s

The Future for MS4s Pending EPA Stormwater Rule Expansion of MS4 areas/situations & programs New development performance standards Redevelopment performance standard Retrofit requirementsTechnology-based requirementsQuantitative effluent or load limits

Questions?Brian Boyer, P.E.Environmental Engineering ManagerKieser & Associates, LLCbboyer@kieser-associates.comPeter J. StrazdasAssociate Vice President, Facilities ManagementWestern Michigan Universitypeter.strazdas@wmich.eduCelebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineeringwww.kieser-associates.com

Mark S. Kieser Senior Scientist Kieser & Associates, LLC bboyer@kieser-associates.com Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser-associates.com MWEA Annual Conference June 25, 2013