Leader’s Guide To Operational Rations - United States Army
US ARMYCombat Feeding DirectorateLeader’sGuide toOperationalRationsNATICK PAM 30-251st Edition, June 2016Approved for public release;distribution unlimitedREV 06-16-16 OPSEC U16-274
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
INTRODUCTIONCombat Feeding Directorate (CFD)The global leader and technology provider formilitary field feedingTHE MISSION of the Department of Defense(DoD) Combat Feeding Research and EngineeringProgram is to provide an operationally relevantresearch and development base to deliversolutions for evolving field feeding challenges.CFD is responsible for the research, development,engineering, integration and technical supportfor the entire family of operational rations. Theprogram is driven by Warfighter recommendations and feedback.This book highlights the various operationalrations, which are categorized into severalplatforms. For each ration, a description of thepurpose, major characteristics, nutritional dataand preparation requirements is provided.
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
CONTENTSIndividual Rations: Meal, Ready-to-Eat 1 First Strike Ration 3 Meal, Cold Weather 5Enhancement: Modular Operational Ration Enhancement 7Group Rations: Unitized Group Ration – Heat and Serve 9 Unitized Group Ration – A 11 Unitized Group Ration – Express 13 Unitized Group Ration – M 15Appendices: Individual Rations 16-17 Group Rations 18-19Leader Tips 21Links 23
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
INDIVIDUAL RATIONSMeal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE)The MRE is the primary general-purposeindividual ration used by the US Armed Forces.Leaders should consider using the MRE duringmissions that allow time to eat. Flameless Ration Heater provides heatingoption 3 MREs/day equal a day’s worth of food Menu variety:24 menus (4 vegetarian), entrée/starch,crackers/bread, spread, dessert/snack,powdered beverage, accessory packet,plastic spoon Shelf stable for 3 years at 80 F (27 C) and6 months at 100 F (38 C) Nutritional data:average 1,300 calories/meal Weight:average 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg)/meal Potable water requirements:approximately 23 oz/meal1
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
INDIVIDUAL RATIONSFirst Strike Ration (FSR)The FSR is a compact, eat-on-the-move individualration intended to be consumed during initialstages of intense conflict.Leaders should consider using the FSR forshort duration (ex. 1-3 days), highly mobiledismounted missions. 1 FSR/day equals a day’s worth of food Menu variety:9 menus, pocket sandwiches, ready-to-eattuna and chicken, energy bars, powderedbeverages, caffeinated gum, beef jerky andZapplesauce Shelf stable for 3 years at 80 F (27 C) and6 months at 100 F (38 C) Nutritional data:average 2,900 calories/ration Weight:average 2.5 lbs (1.13 kgs)/ration Potable water requirements:approximately 30 oz/ration3
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
INDIVIDUAL RATIONSMeal, Cold Weather (MCW)The MCW is designed to meet nutritional requirements for missions in extreme cold weather.Leaders should consider using the MCW whentemperatures are below 32 F (0 C) for extendedperiods, and water/snow is able to be heated. 3 MCW/day equal a day’s worth of food Menu variety:12 menus, precooked dehydrated entrees,crackers, spreads, cookies, sports bars, nuts,powdered beverages and accessory pack Shelf stable for 3 years at 80 F (27 C) and6 months at 100 F (38 C) Nutritional data:average 1,540 calories/meal Weight:average 1 lb (0.45 kg)/meal Potable water requirements:approximately 30 oz/meal5
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
ENHANCEMENTModular Operational RationEnhancement (MORE)MORE is mission tailored to augment (not replace)operational ration use in extreme environments.Leaders should consider using the MOREwhen missions require extra calories due toheavy activity in high altitude/cold weather orhot weather environments.High altitude/cold weather (Type I) 40 F (4 C)Hot weather (Type II) 70 F (21 C)Type I or Type II40 -70 F (4-21 C) Variety:3 of each type, calorically dense, eat-on-the moveitems, caffeinated gum, dried fruit, powderedcarbohydrate beverages, energy bars. Shelf stable for 3 years at 80 F (27 C) and6 months at 100 F (38 C) Nutritional data:approximately 1,000 calories/pack Weight:average 0.7 lb (0.32 kg)/pack Potable water requirements:Type I, 12 oz/pack; Type II, 24 oz/pack7
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
GROUP RATIONSUnitized Group Ration –Heat and Serve (UGR-H&S)The UGR-H&S is the first group ration availableto Warfighters in the field, once field feedingkitchens are available.Leaders should consider using the UGR-H&S ifa field kitchen is available (Kitchen, CompanyLevel, Field Feeding; Assault Kitchen; MobileKitchen Trailer; Containerized Kitchen; Expeditionary Field Kitchen; Enhanced Tray RationHeater System). Each module feeds 50 Warfighters, consistsof 3 fiberboard boxes Menu variety:3 breakfast and 10 lunch/dinner menus,polymeric trays which contain entrees/starches, vegetables, desserts Shelf stable for 18 months at 80 F (27 C) Nutritional data:approximately 1,350 calories/meal9
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
GROUP RATIONSUnitized Group Ration – A (UGR-A)The UGR-A provides high quality, fresh-like groupmeals to Warfighters in the field and containsfrozen food components.Leaders should consider using the UGR-A if afield kitchen is available (Mobile Kitchen Trailer,Containerized Kitchen, Expeditionary FieldKitchen) and refrigeration capabilities (suchas Multi-Temperature Refrigeration ContainerSystem) are available. Each module feeds 50 Warfighters, consistsof 3 fiberboard boxes, 1 w/frozen food Menu variety:7 breakfast and 14 lunch/dinner menus,frozen and semi-perishable pre-cookedentrees/starches, vegetables, desserts anddrink mixes Can be stored for up to 9 months intemperature controlled storage Nutritional data:approximately 1,500 calories/meal11
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
GROUP RATIONSUnitized Group Ration – Express(UGR-E)The UGR-E provides a hot group meal toWarfighters in remote locations without the needfor cooks, field kitchens, or fuel.Leaders should consider using the UGR-E whenfield kitchens are not available. Self-contained, self-heating group mealwhich is pull tab activated Each module feeds 18 Warfighters, consistsof 1 fiberboard box Menu variety:4 breakfast, 8 lunch/dinner menus, and aunique holiday meal, polymeric tray entrée/starch, boil-in-bag eggs, vegetable, dessert,drink mixes, seasonings, dining trays/packets, serving utensils and trash bag Shelf stable for up to 18 months at 80 F (27 C) Nutritional data:approximately 1,300 calories/mealNOTE: UGR-E availability restricted and requiressignificant lead time for delivery13
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
GROUP RATIONSUnitized Group Ration – M(UGR-M)The UGR-M is used by the Marine Corps to allowtrained culinary specialists to provide a highquality group meal.Leaders should consider using the UGR-M if afield kitchen is available (such as the Expeditionary Field Kitchen, Enhanced Tray RationHeater System). Each module feeds 50 Warfighters, consistsof 3 fiberboard boxes. Menu variety:5 breakfast and 14 lunch/dinner menus,balance of dehydrated and commercialcanned items, entrees, sides, desserts, drinkmixes Shelf stable for 18 months at 80 F (27 C) Nutritional data:approximately 1,350 calories/meal15
Leader’s Guide to Operational RationsMeal, Ready-to-EatFirst Strike Ration UseGeneral PurposeAssaultDescriptionGen purpose ration for allServices; offers balancednutrition & low logisticsburden; can be airdropped;NATO compliantDismounted patrol;initial periods ofintense/ highly mobileconflict; 50% lowerweight & cube vs 3MREsRations/Day31NutritionFacts(avg/meal)1300 cal2900 calMenuVariety24 (4 kageImage
APPENDIX: Individual RationsMeal, Cold WeatherModular Operational RationEnhancementCold WeatherNutritional EnhancementSpecial purpose ration forextreme cold weather; longshelf life; 4500 caloriessupport heavy exertion, reducerisk of dehydrationEnhancement pack to augmentrations with extra calories; missiontailored: Type 1 - high altitude/coldweather, Type II - hot weather311540 cal1130 cal High Alt/ Cold Weather;1030 cal Hot Weather123 each of Type 1 - High Altitude/Cold Weather & Type II - HotWeather8970-01-467-1753Type I: High Alt/Cold8970-01-581-2505Type II: Hot Weather8970-01-599-4327
Leader’s Guide to Operational RationsUnitized GroupRation – Heat and ServeUnitized GroupRation - AUseLarge Group FeedingLarge Group FeedingDescriptionFirst group meal availablein deployment; foodservice available, but norefrigerationHigh quality, fresh-likemeals for use in astable environment# WarfightersFed/Module5050EquipmentRequiredTray Ration Heater; Kitchen,Company Level, FieldFeeding; or other hot watersourceComplete field kitchenincluding refrigeration/freezerNutritionFacts (avg/meal)1350 cal1500 calMenuVariety13 (3 Breakfast,10 Lunch/Dinner)21 (7 Breakfast,14 Lunch/Dinner)NSNMultipleMultiplePackageImage
APPENDIX: Group RationsUnitized GroupRation - ExpressUnitized GroupRation - MSmall Group FeedingLarge Group FeedingGroup meal for austerelocations; no equipment, fuel,power or cooksHigh quality, group mealfor use by Marines1850NoneKitchen,Company Level, FieldFeeding Expeditionary Field Kitchen1300 cal1350 cal13(4 Breakfast, 8 Lunch/Dinner,1 Holiday)19(5 Breakfast, 14 lunch/Dinner)MultipleMultiple
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
Leader Tips When time is limited for breaks - encouragesnacking on carbohydrate and energy-richchoices when possible. When operations require eating-onthe-move, use the First Strike Ration . Maintain glycogen stores and electrolytesduring long periods (90 minutes or more)of intense activity by drinking carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage from the ration. Consuming calorie-dense and nutrient-richfoods is even more critical when exposed tocold and high altitudes due to higher energyneeds and a decreased appetite. Enforce hydration discipline especially inextreme environments such as hot, cold, andhigh altitudes.You set the standard by modelingand promoting healthy behaviors.Optimize nutrition before, during, and afterdeployment/field operations.
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
LinksCombat Feeding Directorate (CFD)CFD research & engineering overviewhttp://hotchow.natick.army.mil/Defense Logistics Agency – Troop SupportRation pricing and availability ence.aspxJoint Culinary Center of ExcellenceRation ordering and policy coe main.htmlCOMRAD DatabaseRation nutritional al Rations HandbookRation information and menushttp://nsrdec.natick.army.mil/media/print/OP Rations.pdf29
Leader’s Guide to Operational Rations
NOTES
field kitchen is available (Mobile Kitchen Trailer, Containerized Kitchen, Expeditionary Field Kitchen) and refrigeration capabilities (such as Multi-Temperature Refrigeration Container System) are available. Each module feeds 50 Warfighters, consis
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