FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE .

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Int. J. Drug Res. Tech. 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174ISSN 2277 - 1506International Journal of Drug Research and TechnologyAvailable online at http://www.ijdrt.comOriginal Research PaperFORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDEFILM FORMING EMULGELS.Z. Chemate and Rahul M. Anbhule*Department of Pharmaceutics, P.D.V.V.P.F’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat,Ahemadnagar-414001, Maharashtra, IndiaABSTRACTThe purpose of present research work was to develop a Film Forming Emulgel formulation of Terbinafinehydrochloride using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent for topical delivery with the aim to avoid hepatic firstpass metabolism, improve stability of emulsion, reduce dosage regimen and enhance residence time in thetreatment of fungal infection. Film Forming Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topicaldrug delivery systems as it has dual release control i.e. emulsion and gel. The developed emulgels wereevaluated for their physicochemical properties like color, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, pHvalue, rheological behavior, drug content, drug release and stability. Commercially available Terbinafinehydrochloride cream was used for comparison. All the prepared emulgels showed satisfactoryphysicochemical properties like color, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, and pH value. The drugrelease was found to be higher for optimized formulation as compared to the marketed Terbinafinehydrochloride cream. The highest drug release was observed with T4, where the drug release showed92.05%. The drug release from all the emulgels were found to follow diffusion-controlled mechanism.Stability studies indicated that the physical appearance, rheological properties, spreadability, drug release inall the prepared emulgels remained unchanged upon storage for 3 months.Keywords: Terbinafine hydrochloride, Carbapol 934, Antifungal activity, Film formation, Emulgelformulation.INTRODUCTIONFilm Forming Emulgels are emulsions, either of the oil-in-water or water- in- oil type, which are gelled bymixing with a gelling agent. They have a high patient acceptability since they possess the previouslymentioned advantages of both emulsions and gels. Therefore, they have been recently used as vehicles todeliver various drugs to the skin. Film Forming Emulgel is stable one and better vehicle for hydrophobic orwater insoluble drugs. Terbinafine Hydrochloride is an allylamine which has a broad spectrum ofantifungal activity in fungal infections of the hair and skin such as Pityriasis versicolor. It shows oralbioavailability is about 40% because of first pass hepatic metabolism. So Terbinafine is increasinglyadministered by topical route may increase the bioavailability. Terbinafine is very slightly soluble in waterso because of its hydrophobicity, emulsion can formulate. Emulsion is used both for hydrophilic andhydrophobic drug but stability is the major problem in case of emulsion. When gel incorporated in anemulsion can be overcome the stability problem of emulsion. Gel is having good absorption property alongwith greaseless, easily spreadability, easily removable, nonstaining and emollient but major limitation isdelivering hydrophobic drug. The aim of present work was to develop an emulgel (combination ofemulsion and gel) formulation of Terbinafine hydrochloride by using carbopol as a gelling agent. Emulgelhas dual release mechanism due to emulsion & gel.http://www.ijdrt.com164

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174About Fungal DiseasesSuperficial infections are confined to skin, hair, nails or mucous membranes. The most common fungal skininfections are the dermatophytoses, pityriasisversicolor, and candidiasis. Approximately 90% of fungal skininfections are caused by ‘dermatophytes’, which are parasitic fungi affecting the skin, hair, nails. One of the leading antifungal agents for topical treatment of fungal infections is terbinafineHydrochloride. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in cream, gel, solutionand spray dosage forms. Terbinafine Hydrochloride is an allylamine antifungal agent widely utilized in the treatment ofinfections caused by dermatophytes. It is also reported to have good activity in vitro againstCryptococcus, some species of Candida, Penicillium marneffei, Aspergillus, and other filamentousfungi. The mode of action for terbinafine Hydrochloride involves inhibition of enzyme squaleneepoxidase infungal ergosterol biosynthesis, which induces accumulation of intracellular squalene and cellsdeath.Topical therapy is an attractive choice for the treatment of the cutaneous infections due to itsadvantages such as targeting of drugs to the site of infection and reduction of the risk of systemic sideeffects. Systemic treatment is usually reserved for infections of the nails, extensive cutaneous infections orthose which have not responded to topical therapy. Conventional topical formulations are unable toretain the drug over the skin for a prolonged period and hence necessitate longer treatment duration orhave to be supplemented by oral therapy. For effective local delivery of an antifungal that is applied to the surface of the skin, the agent must bepartitioned firstly from the vehicle into the stratum corneum, and then partitioned to the local tissuesincluding the viable epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and appendages. The need for multiple applications a day is frequently associated with poor compliance of patients.Thus, prolonging the contact time of active substances to the skin and thereby reducing the applicationfrequency is subject of intensive research. Sustained release delivery systems with features of both semisolid formulations and patches may beemployed here. The concept of film forming formulations is very recent. Film forming formulationsmay be solutions, gels or emulsions. Film forming formulations are defined as non-solid dosage formsthat produce a substantial film in situ after application on the skin or any other body surface. Suchcompositions can either be liquids or semisolids with a film forming polymer as basic material for thematrix. The formed film is sufficiently substantial to provide a sustained drug release to the skin. Very few examples of film forming gel formulations have been reported in literature. BeeGentleTMand GELNIQUE are commercially available film forming gel formulations.MATERIAL AND METHODTerbinafine hydrochloride (Macleods Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Baddi), Carbapol 934 (Rajesh ChemicalCo. Mumbai), Liq. Paraffin (M/S Yarrow Chem. Product Mumbai), Propylene Glycol (M/S EngineeringProject & Cables Pune), Ethanol (Rajesh Chemical co. Mumbai), Eudragit RSPO M/S (Balaji Drugs Surat),Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (Macleods Pharmaceuticals, Baddi).Emulgel PreparationThe Gel in formulations were prepared by dispersing Carbopol 934 in purified Water with constant stirringat a moderate speed and Carbopol 940 in purified water with constant Stirring at a moderate speed then thepH are adjusted to 6 to 6.5 using Tri ethanol amine (TEA). The oil phase of the emulsion were prepared bydissolving Propylene Glycol in light liquid paraffin, while the aqueous phase was prepared by dissolvingDrug in ethanol.Method of Preparationhttp://www.ijdrt.com165

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Step-1: Formulation of Emulsion either O/W or W/OStep-2: Formulation of gel baseStep-3: Incorporation of emulsion into gel base with continuous stirringStep-4: After formulation of emulgel addition of film forming solutionThe flow chart of emulgel preparation is shown in figureFigure 1: Flow Chart of emulgel formulation.Table 1: Formulation designIngredientTerbinafineHydrochloride (%w/v)Carbapol934 (%w/v)Liq. paraffin Propylene Glycol (%w/v)5.05.05.05.0Ethanol (%w/v)5.05.05.05.0Eudragit RSPO 6.010.06.010.0Purified Waterq.sq.sq.sq.shttp://www.ijdrt.com166

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174RESULT AND DISCUSSIONAnalytical ProfileThe sample of Terbinafine Hydrochloride procured for study was identified by Infrared spectrum,Differential Scanning Calorimetry.Determination of analytical wavelengthFigure 2: U.V. Spectrum of Terbinafine HydrochlorideCalibration Curve of Terbinafine HydrochlorideThe standard calibration curve of Terbinafine Hydrochloride was obtained by plotting Absorbance vs.Concentration. Table shows the absorbance values of Terbinafine Hydrochloride. The standard curve isshown in figure. The standard calibration curve shows the slope of and 23.66 correlation coefficient of0.9998. The curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 5-30g/ml (Beer's range) at 282 nm.The calculations of drug content, in vitro dissolution study were based on this calibration curve.Table 2: Analytical data for calibration curve of terbinafine hydrochlorideSr. No. 364.200.81255.251.01586301.2154Figure 3: Calibretion Curve of Terbinafine Hydrochloridehttp://www.ijdrt.com167

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Table 3: Data for calibration curve in pH 6.1 phosphate buffer solutionSr. No.ParametersValues in pH 6.1 phosphate buffer1.Absorbance maximum (λmax) in nm 282nm2.Slope0.063.Intercept0.01734.Correlation coefficient0.9995.Equationy 0.042x - 0.044Melting Point DeterminationMelting point of Terbinafine Hydrochloride was found to be 205 C as reported in literature, thus indicatingpurity of sample.Evaluation of Terbinafine Hydrochloride Film Forming EmulgelTable 4: Drug Content, Viscosity, Spreadability and Swelling index of prepared FormulationFormulation Drug content Viscosity of Emulgel Spreadability Swelling index(%w/w)Formulation 3%1.52479%19%T492.21%3.77185%21%Table 5: Physical examinationSr. No.Formulation codeColourPhase NoneNonepH DeterminationThe pH of the emulgel formulation was in the range of 5.5 to 6.5.which lies in the normal pH range of theskin and would not produce any skin irritation. There was no significant change in pH value as function oftime for all formulation.Table 6: pH DeterminationSr. No.1234Formulation codeT1T2T3T4pH5.86.16.06.1http://www.ijdrt.com168

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Table 7: In vitro release profile of drug prepared formulationCumulative Percentage Drug 48.12355.8562.12382.5491.00% Drug releaseCumulative % Drug 20140TimeFigure 4: 7.3 % Cumulative Drug ReleaseIR spectroscopy analysisTable 8: IR spectroscopy analysisAbsorption peakAttributed to2949.16C-H758.02CL-1737.86C O1319.31C-N[(E)-N, 6, 6-trimethyl-N-(napthalen-1-methyl) hept-2-en-4yn-1-amine; hydrochloride]http://www.ijdrt.com169

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174 Figure 5: IR Spectra of Terbinafine Hydrochloride (Plain drug)Figure 6: IR Spectra of FormulationFigure 7: IR Spectra of carbapolhttp://www.ijdrt.com170

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Figure 8: IR Spectra of Eudragit RSPODifferential Scanning Calorimetric AnalysisThe exothermic peak of Terbinafine Hydrochloride was seen at 207 C with an onset 208 C, formulationwas seen at 210 0C . This complies with the reported literature value.Figure 9: Thermogram of Terbinafine HydrochlorideFigure 10: Thermogram of Formulationhttp://www.ijdrt.com171

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Figure 11: Thermogram of Eudragit RSPOFigure 12: Thermogram of Carbapol 934Figure 13: Photographs of diffusion study of egg membranehttp://www.ijdrt.com172

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174Microbiological AssaysPercentage inhibition was taken as a measure of antifungal activity. The heigst activity was observed withT4 Where percentage inhibition found to be 63.Table 9: Microbiological assaysSr.No.1234FormulationT1T2T3T4MIC[%]t SD53575463Accelerated Stability Studies of the Optimized FormulationThe samples (in triplicate) of best formulation kept sealed and exposed to controlled temperature (40 2 C)and relative humidity (75 5 %) for a period of 45 days in stability chambers (Thermolab ScientificEquipment Pvt. Ltd.). After 30 and 45 days, samples were taken out and analyzed for the following tests:Table 10: Stability parameters of 3 monthFormulationT4Study conditions specificationMonthViscosity Drug Content (%w/w)400c Initial 20c/75% 5% RHMonth 133.0892.21%Month 234.1492.11%Month 335.0992.7%CONCLUSIONConclusion-from above study following conclusion can be made: Film forming Emulgel of Terbinafine Hydrochloride was prepared using Eudragit RS PO and hydroxylpropyl cellulose. Antifungal study showed that developed film forming Emulgel can reduce the fungal burden and thus,is more effective product. The film forming dermal Emulgel prepared in this study fulfills all necessary parameters required fortopical use. This novel dosage form will improve both the accuracy and the positioning of a delivereddose. The optimized batch (T4) of Emulgel showed the highest drug release, appropriate spreadability, goodconsistency and higher percentage inhibition. Hence, the results of the present study clearly indicated promising potentials of film forming Emulgelas topically in the treatment of fungal infection and could be viewed as a potential alternative toconventional dosage forms.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors are thankful to Rajesh Pharma. Ltd. for providing drug Sample and all The suppliers for giftsamples and also sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. S Z Chemate Sir and Prof.Abdul Wahid Sir for their support inproject.REFERENCES1. CC, Long (2002), “Common Skin Disordersand their Topical Treatment, Dermatologicaland Transdermal Formulations”, Drugs andthe Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 19, MarcelDekker Inc., New York, 1-12, 53-54.http://www.ijdrt.com173

Rahul M. Anbhule et al. / International Journal of Drug Research and Technology 2016, Vol. 6 (3), 164-1742. S, Buyuktimkin; N, Buyuktimkin; J, Singh; J,Newsam; D, Smith and E, Kisak(2012),“Inventors, Nuvo Research Inc.,assignee, Highly permeating terbinafineformulation”, US Patent 2012/0309843 A1.3. CB, Moore; CM, Walls and DW (2001),“Denning, In vitro activities of terbinafineagainst Aspergillus species in comparisonwith those of itraconazole and y, 45(6), 1882-85.4. S, Gungor; MS, Erdal and B, Aksu (2013),“New formulation strategies in topicalantifungal therapy”, Journal of Cosmetics,Dermatological Sciences and Applications,3,56-65.5. ncePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074377.htm6. 123668707. Joshi, Baibhav; Singh, Gurpreet; Rana, AC;Saini, Seema and Singla, Vikas (2011),“Emulgel: a comprenesive Rview on therecent Advance in topical drug ,Vol.2(11)66-70.Correspondence Author:Rahul M. Anbhule*Department of Pharmaceutics, P.D.V.V.P.F’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahemadnagar-414001, Maharashtra, IndiaCite This Article: SZ, Chemate and Rahul, M Anbhule (2016), “Formulation and evaluation ofterbinafine hydrochloride film forming emulgel”, International Journal of Drug Research andTechnology, Vol. 6 (3), 164-174.http://www.ijdrt.com174

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE FILM FORMING EMULGEL S.Z. Chemate and Rahul M. Anbhule* Department of Pharmaceutics, P.D.V.V.P.F’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahemadnagar-414001, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT The purpose of present research work was to develop a Film Forming Emulgel formulation of Terbinafine hydrochloride using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent for .

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