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Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle UniversityJanice Murphy Organic LandscapeManagement Coordinatorjanicem@seattleu.eduCynthia Welte Organic Gardenerdurfeec@seattleu.edu
Seattle Climate and RegionZone 8 (10-20F avg. annual low temp)Avg. rainfall: 37.1 in (94 cm) per yearDry summer, wet winter: MediterraneanConifer dominated lowland forestUrban location unique challenges:High foot trafficLitterHigh profile areaHomeless and drug activityDecrease in diversity of native birds,insects, and soil microbesCompacted, imported soils
Seattle UniversityJesuiteducating the whole person, to professionalformation, and to empowering leaders for ajust and humane world
Seattle University Located on 48 acres less than ½ mile from downtownbusiness core of Seattle Over 7500 students 1.9 million square feet – 48% increase over pastdecade
Seattle University
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University-free2.3.4.5.6.grounds practicesBenefits of organic landscape managementHow to transition to organic landscapemanagementDeveloping wildlife habitat for native birds andinsectsHow to maintain organic landscapesIntegrating the landscape into the educationalexperience
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle Universitypesticide-free grounds practices2.3.4.5.6.Benefits of organic landscape managementHow to transition to organic landscape managementDeveloping wildlife habitat for native birds and insectsHow to maintain organic landscapesIntegrating the landscape into the educational experience
His charismatic personality helped deliver themessage
A Brief HistoryPesticide Reduction and EliminationMonitored and targeted spraysSafer soap from CanadaHorticultural OilNematode release for root weevil controlSoil building efforts with compost and wood chips
IPM PolicyShort Term StrategyShort term IPM strategies will addressproblems that presently exist or subsequentlyoccur in the landscape.Long Term StrategyLong term IPM strategies will address the longrange goal of building a healthy environmentin which plants will obtain optimum health.
IPM to OLMFrom Integrated Pest Management toOrganic Landscape ManagementLast Round UpapplicationLast application ofsynthetic fertilizerRoundup returned todistributorLeadership- CraigChatburnDiligenceParadigm shiftNo tolerance policySports fields buy-in
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle Universitygrounds practices-free2. Benefits of organic landscapemanagement3. How to transition to organic landscape management4. Developing wildlife habitat for native birds andinsects5. How to maintain organic landscapes6. Integrating the landscape into the educationalexperience
Benefits of Organic Landscape Management
Benefits of Organic LandscapeManagementTo the EnvironmentAt the Institutional LevelAt the Departmental Level
To The EnvironmentNo pesticide residues leaching into the ground waterReduction of nutrient leaching into the ground waterGreater water retention in soil - reduces runoff tostormwater systemSalmon habitat protection and restorationWater quality protectionIncreased diversity of wildlife species
Benefits of Organic LandscapeManagementTo the EnvironmentAt the Institutional LevelAt the Departmental Level
Institutional LevelRecognition for Leadership in SustainabilityReduced liabilityRecruitment for studentsEnvironmental Education for studentsHealth of Personnel
In January 2005, the Pest ManagementRegulatory Agency (PMRA) formallyrecognized the role that municipalitiesplay in the governing of pesticide use.They wrote that communities are able“to further regulate pesticide use,including use restrictions.”Friday, August 25, 2006Judge rejects Bush decision onpesticidesRuling says that weakening of ruleslacks scientific justificationBy GENE JOHNSONTHE ASSOCIATED PRESSA federal judge in Seattle rejected onThursday a Bush administrationdecision to weaken rules governingpesticide use. He said the changereflected a "total lack" of scientificjustification and that there were"disturbing indications" theadministration deliberately muteddissent from government scientists.
Many municipalities are adoptingpolicy and legislation concerningpesticide useCITY OF SEATTLEPESTICIDE USE REDUCTION STRATEGYPurposeIt is the policy of the City of Seattle to promoteenvironmentally sensitive landscape pest and vegetationmanagement by phasing out the use of the most hazardouspesticides and reducing overall pesticide use while preservinglandscape assets and protecting the health and safety of thepublic and our employees. The following strategy describeshow the City will achieve these goals and establishes pesticidereduction targets and timelines.
Students express their concern forenvironmental issues
Quality of life issues for grounds crew,faculty, staff, and students
Benefits of Organic LandscapeManagementIn The LandscapeAt the Institutional LevelAt the Departmental Level
At the Departmental LevelReduced record keepingLower pesticide and fertilizer billsReduction in irrigation use- as soil qualityimprovesFree disease and insect control- as bird andbeneficial insect populations increasePersonnel retentionIncreased job satisfaction
Reduced administrative labor costsAn important and sometimes overlookedsavings that result from switching to 100%organic landscape stewardship comes from thereduced regulatory administrative costs. Thenotification process involved in a pesticideapplication is lengthy and cumbersome. Thelabor cost associated with working through thechain of command from the initial request forpermission to use a particular chemical to thefinal removal of signs after the reentry periodhas elapsed is a savings that and is often notcalculated in the true cost of pesticide use.
- Carl HuffakerEcological Entomologist
Opportunities to collaborate withother staff members
Sharing knowledge and strategies withother institutions
Institutions Shown:Boston CollegeGeorgetown UniversityMain CampusGonzaga UniversityPacific Lutheran UniversitySanta Clara UniversitySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUniversity of San Francisco
Institutions Shown:Boston CollegeGeorgetown UniversityMain CampusGonzaga UniversityPacific Lutheran UniversitySanta Clara UniversitySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUniversity of San Francisco
Institutions Shown:Boston CollegeGeorgetown UniversityMain CampusGonzaga UniversityPacific Lutheran UniversitySanta Clara UniversitySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUniversity of San FranciscoInstitutions Shown:Boston CollegeGeorgetown UniversityMain CampusGonzaga UniversityPacific Lutheran UniversitySanta Clara UniversitySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUniversity of San Francisco
Institutions Shown:Boston CollegeGeorgetown UniversityMain CampusGonzaga UniversityPacific Lutheran UniversitySanta Clara UniversitySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle UniversityUniversity of San DiegoUniversity of San Francisco
Beauty and Inspiration
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University-free grounds practices2. Benefits of organic landscape management3. How to transition to organiclandscape management4. Developing wildlife habitat for native birds and insects5. How to maintain organic landscapes6. Integrating the landscape into the educational experience
First steps in making the transitionFind local resources for adviceFind suppliers of quality organic fertilizer &compostCollect and confiscate all pesticidesTake soil biology and soil chemistry testsBe aware and accessible to skeptical anddisheartened staff change is always toughUse weeds, disease and insects as indicatorsWork with architect from conceptual stage tocompletion in new projects
How to transition to organiclandscapesEducate yourselfCommunicate your ideasGet buy in!Develop thresholdsCreate a plan of action and set goalsMonitor and Assess
Educate yourselfFind local resources for information and suppliesIdentify local invasives, pests, diseases, etcWhat are beneficial insects you can release?Who has been successful in your area? Get in touchwith themLearn about organic maintenance techniques andhow you can apply them to your siteSee our resource list
CommunicateTalk to other groupsin your area that havegone organicWork withadministration orclient to get theirsupportMake sure staffconcerns are heard
Transparency is Very Important!People will be more patient with thetransition if they know that you areusing organic practices.Encourage people to develop anCommunity will be excited to seechanges when they know themotivation behind them!
Encourage anInformedAesthetic:occasional weedslook better than noweeds at all,because they are anindicator that thisgarden is cared forwithout pesticides!
Get support from staff andcommunityAn excited staff will make transitions easy and will make thegardens more successful.
Develop thresholdsSet limits (whether concrete or not) for how much insect ordisease damage will be toleratedConsider plant physiology, not just aestheticsConsider whole ecosystem: If there are no aphids, what willbirds on campus eat?Consider timing: aphid populations will soar shortly beforeweeks?How much water, fertilizer, and other inputs are you willingto put into this plant? Is it worth it?Consider key plants and important collections: what will youdo to protect them?
Pest damage: not the end of the world?Slugs!Slug and snails cause little damage to thehealth of the plant, and holes in leavescan be tolerated aesthetically.
Other pest damage: the end of theplant!
Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophthora rootfungi spread through soil and waterValue of tree based upon locationMethods of prevention and controlling spread:compost, compost tea, watering methods,removing duff, keeping trunk clear,maintaining healthy mineral levels in soil
Create a plan of actionFocus your effortsWill you switch overnight or instages? If so, when, where, and how?Set goals and timelines
Make special plans for major plantsIdentify specimen trees and theirpotential problemsMonitor regularly for target pestsand diseasesEncourage tree healthSanitize tools, clean up debris,maintain good air circulation,prune only as necessary and atproper times, compost or mulchCreate plans for how to deal withmajor problemsMonitor climate change and howit affects water availability
Monitor and Assess
Soil Analysis Biology and Chemistry
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University-free grounds practices2. Benefits of organic landscape management3. How to transition to organic landscape management4. Developing wildlife habitat fornative birds and insects5. How to maintain organic landscapes6. Integrating the landscape into the educational experience
Developing wildlife habitat
Three Important ComponentsFood SourceWaterShelter
Food SourcesNectar and pollenHost plants for larvaBerries, fruits, seed headsBanker plants to attract pests
Provide a Diversity of Plant Material
Choose Native PlantsNectar rich food sources forpollinators and beneficialinsects
Pollinators are essential for productionof fruits, berries, and seedsHover FlySyrphid Fly
Seasonal timing of nectar sourcesBeneficial insects and pollinatorsbenefit from a succession of bloomtimes throughout the season
A Source of WaterEnhance naturally wet areasBird bathsManmade ponds and water featuresMud, too
Take advantage ofdeveloping their potentialas natural water sources
Place a dished rock where it willcatch water from a sprinklerhead
ShelterDense canopyLayers of vegetationLots of native plantsRefugiaMulchUnmowed grassesNest and roost boxes
varied heights and types of plantmaterial
Where possible, leave snags in thelandscape
Provide a perch site for birds andhummingbirdsLeave a few dead twigsunpruned near nest sitesWhite crowned sparrow
Provide downed logs and large woodyvegetation
Designate a place for undevelopednatural areas
Provide nest boxes appropriate fornative species of birds
Mason Bee Box
Use signage to educate the humanpopulation
Use national and local resources for informationon developing habitat suited to your area
Partner with local conservationagencies
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University-free grounds practices2. Benefits of organic landscape management3. How to transition to organic landscape management4. Developing wildlife habitat for native birds and insects5. How to maintain organiclandscapes6. Integrating the landscape into the educational experience
Maintenance of Organic LandscapesPlant health careWork to build healthy soilMulch! Mulch, mulch, mulch!Recycle nutrientsPlantingscompeting w/ weeds, groundcovers, building habitatWeed control, not eradicationCareful monitoring of irrigationTurf maintenanceContinue to monitor for pests and cultural issuesEncourage wildlife to work for you
Plant health careImprove soil through mulching, topdressingwith compost, and adding soil microbes(compost tea)Employ proper pruning and plantingtechniquesWater at the appropriate timeHealthy plants will be better able to fightoff disease and insects!
Plant health begins with soil health!Soil is a living and breathing entityFeed the soil, not the plantWater the soil, not the plant
Wood Chip Mulch
Wood Chip MulchRetains moistureSlows weed seedgerminationRegulates temperatureAdds nutrients to soil asit decomposesEncourages soilbiodiversityReduces compactionProtects woody plantsfrom power equipment
Wood Chip MulchFree from localarborists and treeservice companiesDiverse plant sourcesand all parts of treeAllow to decompose for 1-3 monthsApply 3-6 inch layer, avoidingcrowns of plants
Benefits of Wood Chip MulchesLinda Chalker-Scott 20021. Moderate soil temperature (Einert et al., 1975;2.3.4.Greenly & Rakow, 1995; Horowitz & Thomas, 1994; Luke,1982)Protect trees from drought and cold stress (Smith,2000)Maintain soil moisture (Downer and Hodel, 2001;Fausett & Rom, 2001; Greenly &Rakow, 1995; Litzow &Pellett, 1983; Luke, 1982; Mantinger & Gasser, 1993; Smith,2000; Smith & Rakow, 1992)Provide slow-release nutrients to soil (Duryea,1999; Edwards et al., 1994 )
Benefits of Wood Chip MulchesLinda Chalker-Scott 20021. Inhibit undesirable and pathogenic fungi2.(Brantley et al., 2001; Davis, 1994)Improve vegetative growth (Archbold et al., 1989;Downer and Hodel, 2001; Froment et al., 2000; Green &Watson, 1989; Siipilehto, 2001)Increase fruit yield (Obiefuna, 1991; Spring, 1993)3.4. Improve root growth (Fausett & Rom, 2001; Green &Watson, 1989)5. Produce best quality plants (Calkins et al., 1996)6. Suppress weeds (too many references to list!)
Wood Chip Mulching ImprovesRestoration SuccessUnion Bay Natural AreaRestoration Site
StuyPdesarm6 mown plots: ½ sprayed,½ mulchedNative shrubs: Symphoricarpos,Ribes and Holodiscus installedWinter 2000
Mowed/mulched site (Au 2002)
Mowed/sprayed site (Au 2002)
Compost
CompostMore complex food web developed in composting process than in just wood chipsWood chips: fungal (nitrogen loss due to bacteria coming up from soil to breakdown)Compost speeds up soil structure improvements and quality of soil, improvesMicrobial activity more than raw wood chips
Compost Tea ProgramNew program (4 years old)Used for transplants, newbeds, or diseased orstruggling plantsSmall operation, so have tofocus efforts on the aboveareasInjected or sprayedIncreases diversity ofmicroorganisms in soilHelps build soil structurePull beneficial organisms from high quality compost intowater solutionBrewed 24 hours to maximize populations of beneficialorganismsshort term option, this is along term solution whichbuilds healthy soilcommunities
Compost Tea
Recycling nutrientsMulching over leaves can keep them tidier
Organic maintenance helped by simpledesign techniquesRight plant, Right placeWork with the conditions you haveLayer vegetation to help reduce weed presencePlant low maintenance shrubs and groundcoversto minimize bare patchesUse plants that attract beneficial insects andprovide habitat for birdsReplace problem plants
Right plant, Right place
Layered vegetation
Tall groundcoversOut-compete or hide weedsAvoid largeareas of lowgroundcovers
obvious and are harder to maintain
Low Maintenance PlantsShrubs with multiple seasons of interest, thatprovide food (nectar, fruit, or leaves) or shelter(dense) to birds or insects, that are lowmaintenance (little pruning, no diseases or
Diverse and varied layers provideinterest, hide problems, and providehabitat for birds
Replace plants that are not well suitedto your region or are disease/insectprone
Replace aggressive plants with a morediverse and interesting display
Turf maintenance
Turf MaintenanceTest soils first to determine baseline levels of nutrientsFertilize with organic fertilizer in the early fallEliminating weeds is not practical, instead use them to yourbenefit and try to think of it as more like a meadowthan a golf courseAerate and top-dress (with similar material as soil base)
Organic Weed ControlFocus on CONTROL,not eradicationHand tools, linetrimmers, burnersSheet mulchRegular applications ofwood chip mulchKeep weeds from goingto seed
Using weeds to your benefitWeeds serve as indicators of soil conditions
Hand tools
Line trimming weeds
Using weeds to your benefitWeeds remove nutrients from soil, but thosenutrients can be returned if you let plant partsdecompose after removal
Burning weeds
Sheet mulching
Pest and Disease Control andManagementStep one: identifythe pestStep two: does itcross tolerancethreshold?Step three: control
Pest and Disease Control andManagementBeneficial insectsLacewing eggsSyrphid fly larvaLady beetle larva
Pest and Disease Control andManagementImprove cultural conditions or move plantIncrease air circulationClean tools before and after working neardiseased plantsDecrease inoculants (clean up debris, weeds,anything that can harbor spores, eggs, etc)Use organic controls: beneficial insectreleases, nematodes, oils and soaps
Alternative productsSoap based productsClove oil,Acetic acid products(weed control)Oil based products
Water the soil, not the plants
MonitorContinually assess and adapt to strugglesand challenges.Keep records of diseases, insects, culturalconditions, plantings, problem areas,Be aware that what works for one maynot work for another
Active rather than passivemaintenanceContinued commitment toorganic landscapemaintenanceAdjust as trials succeed orfailKeep learning and workingwith local peer groupsuse of chemicals (inaction)you are creating habitat anda ecosystem for plants tothrive (action)Enjoy the process!
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University2.3.4.5.-free grounds practicesBenefits of organic landscape managementHow to transition to organic landscape managementDeveloping wildlife habitat for native birds and insectsHow to maintain organic landscapes6. Integrating the landscape into theeducational experience
Integrating the Landscape in to theEducational ExperienceJesuit missionOpportunities for reaching out to the academiccommunityEthnobotanical GardenBiodiversity GardenShakespeare GardenMedicinal GardenKitchen and Herb GardenChardin P PatchKolvenbach House
educating the whole person, toprofessional formation, and toempowering leaders for a just andSeattle University Mission Statement
Environmental Studies students engaged ininvasive species removal
Making connections with the greatercommunity
Honoring Native Elders through theEthnobotanical Garden
Campus Chef Inspired:The Herb Garden
Kolvenbach House
Japanese Memorial Garden
Chardin P- Patch GardenStudent vegetable plots
Shakespeare Garden
Organic Landscape Management:Birds and Bugs Working atSeattle University-free2.3.4.5.6.grounds practicesBenefits of organic landscape managementHow to transition to organic landscapemanagementDeveloping wildlife habitat for native birds andinsectsHow to maintain organic landscapesIntegrating the landscape into the educationalexperience
List of ResourcesWebsites:St. Gabriel Organic Products -www.milkyspore.comOrganic Gardening Magazine - www.organicgardening.comNational Wildlife Federation www.nwf.orgWashington Toxic Coalition www.watoxics.orgBeyond Pesticides www.beyondpesticides.orgSoil Foodweb, Inc. www.soilfoodweb.com (USA) or www.soilfoodweb.ca(Canada)Books:Teaming with Microbes: A Gardener's Guide to the Soil Food Web by JeffLowenfels and Wayne LewisEcology for Gardeners by Steven B. Carroll and Steven D. SaltInsects and Gardens: In Pursuit of a Garden Ecology by Eric Grissell and CarllGoodpastureUSDA Soil Biology Primer, available at:http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil biology/biology.html
List of ResourcesHealth ed and biocontrol companies:Rincon-Vitova www.rinconvitova.comBio-Tactics www.biotactics.comApplied Bio-Nomics www.appliedbionomics.comKoppert Canada www.koppertonline.ca/home.aspBiobest Canada www.biobest.ca
List of ResourcesBug Garden ResearchMichelle Nakano, Professor, Institute for Sustainable Horticulture, email:Michelle.Nakano@kwantlen.caBug Garden for Education and Research in Conservation BiologicalControl and Sustainable Horticulture, Kwantlen University CollegeDr. Robert McGregor, Executive Director of the Institute of Urban Ecologyat Douglas Collee, New urban-ecology/contact us.htmlBiodiversityBroadcast applications of non-selective herbicides can indiscriminatelyreduce survival rates and reproductive success of pollinators. (Smallidgeand Leopold 1997)Loss of habitat from intensive farming and grazing due to removal of foodsource, destruction of nest sites, trampling of adults. (Hatfield and LeBuhn2007)
University of San Diego University of San Francisco. Beauty and Inspiration. Organic Landscape Management: Birds and Bugs Working at Seattle University-free grounds practices 2. Benefits of organic landscape management 3. How to transition to organic landscape management 4. Developing wildlife habitat for native birds and insects
2. An aviary is an enclosure for keeping birds. There are 134 birds in the aviary shown in the diagram. What is the number of birds per cubic yard for this aviary? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. A. 0.19 birds per cubic yard B. 0.25 birds per cubic yard C. 1.24 birds per cubic yard D. 4.03 birds per cubic yard 3.
campus locations' Conceptual Landscape Master Plan (CLMP) . The framework consists of the Bases of Design: Landscape Concepts and Landscape Elements. The TP/SS-CLMP, the RV-CLMP and the GT-CLMP define the landscape concepts and elements which must be followed when site and building landscape projects are designed for each campus.
LANDMAP is a complete All-Wales GIS based landscape resource where landscape characteristics, qualities and influences on the landscape are recorded and evaluated into a nationally consistent data set. LANDMAP comprises five spatially related datasets known as the Geological Landscape, Landscape Habitats, Landscape Habitats, the Historic
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The term "birds of prey" describes birds that catch their food by using a hooked beak and claws. Hawks, owls, eagles, kites, and falcons are all considered birds of prey. Some birds of prey of the Everglades include the most common hawk - the Red-shouldered Hawk. This very vocal bird swoops down to feed on lizards and snakes. The most common
The term "birds of prey" describes birds that catch their food by using a hooked beak and claws. Hawks, owls, eagles, kites, and falcons are all considered birds of prey. Some birds of prey of South Florida include the most common hawk - the Red-shouldered Hawk. This very vocal bird swoops down to feed on lizards and snakes. The most common
Scottish Birds, the official journal of the Scottish Ornithologists' Club, publishes original material relating to ornithology in Scotland. Papers and notes should be sent to The Editor, Scottish Birds, 21 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BT. Two issues of Scottish Birds are published each year, in June and in December. Scottish Birds is issued
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