I. Scientific Investigation: A. Steps To The Scientific .
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:I. Scientific Investigation:A. Steps to the Scientific Method1. Make observations/Do research: to determine what problem you want to address2. Develop a Research Question: what specifically do you want to determine?3. Develop a hypothesis: based on research from a variety of sourcesa. scientific journals: are the best place to locate current findings on the newesttechnologiesb. encyclopedias: are a good place to find information on extinct species orhistorical theoriesc. state/local agencies: can help with local policies or local research (example:canhelp research the effects of pesticides on the squirrel population)4. Conduct a Controlled Experiment- testing the hypothesis and collecting data andobservations5. Interpret and Analyze Data: using tables and graphs6. Draw Conclusions- including improvements for future experiments7. Communicate Results: so others can build on the experimentB. Terms: Word Bank: experiment, variables, hypothesis, constants, control,independent variable, dependent variableHypothesis1. is an educated guess/prediction; usually in “IF.THEN” form.2. are the factors that are measured in anVariablesexperiment.IndependentVariable3. is the variable that you purposelychange.variable “I” change.DependentVariable4. is the variable that changes as a result ofchanging the IV.5. is the baseline measurement that you compare your data to.Control6. the thing(s) that are purposely kept the same in theConstantsexperiment.Experiment7. is a structured way to test a hypothesis.C. Scientific Tools - Identify the tool used for each of the following tasks: WordBank: beaker, graduated cylinder, balance, light microscope, electron microscopeBalance1. used for measuring mass2. used for examining extremely small specimensElectronMicroscope3. used for examining small specimens, was usedLightMicroscopeto discover cellsGraduatedCylinder4. used for measuring precise volumes of liquids5. less accurate tool for measuring volumeBeakerD. Microscope – Fill in the names of the parts of the microscope.
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:Word bank: objective lens, ocular lens, diaphragm, fine focus, course focus, stage, body tube,base, stage clips, lamp, arm, revolving tivelensArmStageStageclipsdiaphragmTotal MagnificationOcular Lens x Objective LensExample:Ocular: 10xObjective: 100xTotal Magnification: 10 x 100 1,000xCoarsefocusFinefocusLampBaseCoarseFocus1. used to make BIG changes in focusDiaphragm2.-adjusts the amount of light3. changes the magnificationObjectivelensStageclips4. - holds down the slide5. what you look throughOcularlens/eyepiece6. Draw a picture demonstrating how to properly put a coverslip on this slide to avoid bubbles:II. Characteristics of Living ThingsA. List the 7 Themes of Biology: Word Bank: cells, metabolism, homeostasis,reproduce, heredity, evolution, interdependence1. smallest unit of all lifeCellMetabolism2. get and use energy in order to carry out life functions3. organisms rely on each other to surviveInterdependenceReproduce4. either asexually or sexually5. maintain a constant internal environment, ex. bodyHomeostasistemperatureHeredity6. - pass on traits to offspringEvolution7. populations of organisms change over time
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:B. Biological terms in order from smallest to largestCellà tissueà organà organ systemà organismà populationà speciesà Communityà ecosystemà biosphereCell1. :the smallest unit of lifeTissue2. :a group of cells that carry out a similar function3. :a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function inOrganthe bodyOrgansystem4. : a group of organs that work together to perform bodyfunctionsOrganism5. : a single living thingPopulation6. :a group of organisms of the same species that live in thesame area and can interbreedSpecies7. :a group of organisms that look similar and can producefertile offspringCommunity8. :a group of different species that live in the same habitatand interact with on anotherEcosystem9. : a community of organisms and their non-livingenvironmentBiosphere10. : all of the world and it’s atmosphere that support life.III. Life at the Molecular LevelA. Inorganic Compounds (Typically DO NOT contain carbon)1. Water: Word Bank: hydrogen bonding, float, acids, body temperature, capillaryaction, water, polar, 7, cohesion, solvent, adhesion, bases, high heat capacity,homeostasis, surface tension).a. Water molecules have an unevenly distributed charge, this means that the molecule is.PolarHydrogenBondingb.is the attraction between the positive end of onewater molecule and the negative end of another water molecule.c. Many of the unique properties of water are caused by hydrogen bondingCapillaryaction is the movement of water up thin tubes,due towhich means that water molecules ‘stick’ to eachcohesionother andwhich means that water molecules can ‘stick’ toadhesionother substances.Surfacetension The property that helps bugs stand on water is called . Water expands when it freezes which makes ice .floatHighheatcapacity Water has a whichmeans it takes a lot ofenergy to raise or lower its temperature. This is important because it helps organismshomeostasis
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:maintain by keeping a constant.Bodytemperatured. Because water is a polar molecule, it is called the universalsolventwhich means that it can dissolve many substances.watere. Cells are mostly ,therefore much of your entire body is made ofwater.Acids The pH scale is from 0-14.range 0-6.range 8-14. ABasesneutral solution has a pH of .72. The Water Cycle : Fill in the blanks withletters from the diagram to the right.a. water falls to the ground in the formBof precipitation (letter )b. it percolates through the soil tomake ground water (letter )Dc. water that doesn’t go into the ground is called run off (letter )ECd. water is taken into plants through the roots by capillary action (letter )e. transpiration is the process of releasing water vapor into the atmosphere from plantleaves. (letter )FAf. evaporation puts water from oceans and lakes into the atmosphere. (letter )Gg. water in the atmosphere forms droplets in clouds by condensation. (letter )3. The Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle: Word Bank: heterotrophs, CO2, water, O2, glucose,chloroplasts, mitochondria, photosynthesis, chemical, respiration, autotrophs, solarAutotrophsa.use organelles calledin their leaves tochloroplastssolarcollectenergy.b.occurs so plants can maketo use for energyPhotosynthesisglucosesolarc. photosynthesis convertsenergy intoenergy.chemicalC02SolarWaterd. photosynthesis uses ,andenergy to form& .glucose02e. animals can not make their own foodheterotrophs
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:therefore they are called .f. all organisms use organelles calledto perform amitochondriaprocess calledrespirationwhich breaks down food molecules toproduce ATP for energy.O2g. respiration usesandto h. the gas made by respiration is ;the gas taken in by photosynthesis isCO2.O2i. the gas taken in by respiration is ;the gas produced by photosynthesis isO2.4B. Organic Compounds: There are(number) different organic compounds.carbonlifeAll organic molecules contain and are necessary for !!!!1. Carbohydrates Word Bank: monosaccharides, built, glucose, broken downa. Carbohydrates areto store energy in plants and are tobuiltBrokendownbe used as cellular energy to accomplish the characteristics of life.b.are the building blocks of carbohydrates, examplemonosaccaridesglucose.2. Lipids Word Bank: fat, cuticle, oil, store, wax, insulatefatoila. lipids are organic compounds that include include ,,waxand .storeb. lipids are used toenergy in animals.c. leaves have a protective lipid layer called thethat preventscuticlewater loss.insulated. lipids like those in whale blubber and human fat helporganisms, protecting them and keeping them warm.3. Proteins: Word Bank: unchanged, amino acids, active sites, peptide, enzymes,speed up, substrateAminoacidsa. Proteins are made up ofjoined together byPeptidebonds.b.are a special group of proteins thatSpeedupEnzymesreactions.substrates
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:c. Enzymes have with specific shapes that allow them tointeract with only one type of .Activesited. Enzymes areduring reactions.unchangede. Circle the substrates. Box in the enzyme AFTER the reaction. Draw aTriangle around the products.4. Nucleic Acids: Word Bank: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, hydrogen bond,uracil, replication, sugar, ribose, Watson & Crick, nucleotides, Rosalind Franklin,double helix, genetic, deoxyribose, phosphate, DNA, RNA, nitrogen baseDNARNAa. The two types of nucleic acids areand .nucleotideb. The building block of a nucleic acid is a ,which is made of a,a ,and a .sugarphosphateNitrogenbasec.is common to all living things and it stores genetic information.DNAadenined. In DNA, bonds withandbondsthymineguaninewith .cytosineHydrogenbondse. The nitrogen bases are held together by .f. The shape of a DNA molecule is a ,discovered byDoublehelixRosalindFranklin.g.took X-ray photographs of DNA that helpedWatson&Crickdetermine DNA’s structure.h.is a process that makes an exact copy of DNA.Replicationdeoxyribosei. The sugar in DNA is , but the sugar in RNA is .ribosej. In DNA adenine bonds with ,but in RNA it bonds with .uracilthymineRNAk.is single stranded, andis double stranded.DNAl.is copied bywhich becomes the pattern for making proteins.RNADNAm.engineering involves inserting foreign DNA into host DNA toGeneticmake recombinant DNA.IV. Life at the Cellular LevelA. The Parts of the Cell omefromothercells3.Cellsarethesmallestunitsoflife
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:B. Development of the Cell Theory Word Bank: Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden,Schwann, Virchow1. first to observe living microorganisms through a microscopeLeeuwenhoek2. observed cork and named cellsHooke3. studied plant cellsSchleiden4. studied animal cellsSchwann5. concluded that all cells come from preexisting cellsVirchowC. Types of Cells Word Bank: prokaryotes, eukaryotes, both1. have a nucleusEukaryotesEukaryotes2. have organelles3. includes the kingdom Eubacteria and ArchaebacteriaBothProkaryotes4. do not have organelles (mini-organs)5. includes Protists, Fungi, Plants, and AnimalsEukaryotes6. have DNA, (HINT: ALL kingdoms have this in common)Both7. go through mitosisEukaryotes8. go through binary fissionProkaryotes9. have ribosomes to synthesize (make) proteinsBothD. Cellular Organelles: Word Bank: nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, ribosomes, golgibody or apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, centriole, cell wall, cytoplasm,chloroplast, lysosomes, cell membraneNucleus1. command center of the cell; DNA in the form ofchromosomes is hereNucleolus2. - small organelle in the nucleus that makes ribosomes4. the site of protein synthesis in prokayrotes and eukaryotesRibosomesEndoplasmicReticulum5. - transport system of the cell6. collects, packages, and distributes proteinsGolgiBody/Apparatus7. contains digestive enzymes to break down old cell partsLysosomes8. storage tank of the cellVacuolemitochondria9. - organelle that conducts ‘respiration’ for the cell
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:10. the powerhouse of the cellmitochondria11. organelle that conducts ‘photosynthesis’ for plant cellschloroplastsCentriole12. assists in cell division in animal cells only13. the jelly-like material in which organelles float inside a cellcytoplasm14. made of cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi); boundaryCellwalloutside of the cell membrane in some cells15. encloses cell, controls what gets into and out of the cellCellmembrane16. numerous in heart muscle cells because of need for energymitochondriaribosomes17.numerous cells that produces large quantities of proteinsE. Differences between plant and animal cells (complete the table)Plant ole,chloroplast,cellwallAnimal (B)CircularSmallervacuole,CentrioleF. The Fluid Mosaic Model and Movement through the Cell Membrane: Word Bank:diffusion, proteins, cell membrane, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis,phospholipids, energy, low, high, carbohydrates, water, facilitated diffusion,pinocytosis, osmosis, phagocytosis1. The cell membrane is composed of ,,proteinsphospholipidscarbohydratesand .2. The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the .Cellmembrane3. Passive transport is also calledand it doesn’t requireDiffusion.energy4. Passive transport moves molecules move from areas oftohighconcentration.lowFacilitateddiffusion5. diffusion where carrier proteins help moleculesacross the membrane.6.is a type of diffusion involving only the movement of waterosmosis
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:molecules.7. The type of transport that requires energy is .Activetransport8. The movement that requires energy moves molecules fromtolowconcentrations.highendocytosis9. Active transport that moves substances into the cell is called .phagocytosis10. Moving solid particles into the cell is called .11. Moving liquids into the cell is called is called .pinocytosisexocytosis12. Active transport that moves substances out of the cell is called .13. Molecules are transported across the cell membrane by carrier .proteinsV. Cell DivisionA. Mitosis (Word Bank: nucleus, replicated, interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis, centromere, chromatids,chromatin, centrioles, spindle fibers, plate, furrow).1. A chromosome is made of two identical parts called .chromatids2. The parts of a chromosome are held together by a .centromerecentrioles3. Only animal cells haveto help with chromosome movement.4. Duringsister chromatids are separated at theanaphaseand are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.plate5. DNA isduringso each cell willinterphasereplicatedhave the same informationmetaphase6. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell in .7. Loose or uncoiled chromosomes are actually DNA in the form of .chromatintelophase8. During spindlefibers shorten which pulls chromosomes to the poles.9. After the nucleus divides,occurs: the division of the cytoplasmcytokinesis10. In plant cells only, a cell formsduring cytokinesis.wall11. In animal cells only, a cellforms during cytokinesis.furrowSpindlefibers12.are attached to chromosomes at the centromere13. chromosomes become visibleprophasenucleus14. nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome set
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:15. nuclear membrane begins to disappearprophase16. two daughter cells are formedcytokinesis17. Label each phaseof mitosis in thediagram at the right.Word Bank:Interphase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis,Prophase, Anaphase, TelophaseB. Meiosis Word Bank: gametes, 1, the same, 46, 23, eggs, sperm, zygote,homologous, diploid, half, 2, haploid, prophase, fertilization1. Meiosis is a type of cell division that makes sex cells or .gametes2. The two types of sex cells are and.eggssperm13. Mitosis consists ofdivision(s), while meiosis consists of division(s).4. Mitosis makes cells with numberof chromosomes as the parentThesamecell, but meiosis produces cells withthe number of chromosomes ashalfthe parent cell.465. A human’s body cells have chromosomes;sex cells or gametes have23.homologous6. For every chromosome your mother gave you, there is achromosome from your father with information regarding the same trait(s).7. When a cell has a full complement of homologous chromosomes from each parent (2complete sets of chromosomes), the cell is said to be .diploid8. Sex cells have only ONE set of chromosomes, they are called .haploid9. When an egg and a sperm combine during ,thethatzygotefertilizationis formed has the normal diploid number of chromosomes.homologous10.chromosomes exchange information duringwhich adds to diversity.prophase
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:C. Making Proteins Word Bank: translation, diffusion, transcription, proteins, mRNA,amino acid, DNA, peptide, tRNA, codon, nitrogen bases, cytoplasm, ribosome,nucleus, anticodonproteins1. Almost everything in a living organism is made of or made by .2. The process of protein synthesis is consist ofandtranscriptiontranslation.3. During ,the genetic code is copied fromtoDNAtranscriptionmRNA.nucleus4. Because DNA can’t leave the ,the message is carried out to thecytoplasmby .mRNA5. Once the message from DNA is copied, theleaves the nucleus andmRNAtravels to ain the .ribosomecytoplasm6. A sequence of 3 bases on mRNA is called a(n) ,but 3 bases on acodonanticodontRNA molecule are called a(n) .7. Each codon is matched with anand theanticodontRNAtransfers theto the ribosome.Aminoacid8. Eachis linked together bybonds toAminoacidpeptideform .proteinstranslation9. Another name actually making proteins is .10. The sequence ofoncarry theNitrogenb asesDNAgenetic code.
BIOLOGYSOLREVIEWPACKETName:D. Transcription and Translation: Use a codon chart to transcribe and translate thefollowing DNA sequence: GGCCATTTCGATTTGAGCCCGGUAAAGCUAAACUCG1. mRNA2. amino acidsPro- ‐Val- ‐Lys- ‐Leu- ‐Asa- ‐Ser3. This protein is made ofamino acids. (give the number of amino acids).6E. DNA Technology: Word Bank: DNA sequence, genes, fingerprinting, identical,fraternal, collaborative, samefingerprinting1. DNAis used to identity crime suspects (such as murderand rape).2. Using gel electrophoresis, scientists can determin
I. Scientific Investigation: A. Steps to the Scientific Method 1. Make observations/Do research: to determine what problem you want to address 2. Develop a Research Question: what specifically do you want to determine? 3. Develop a hypothesis: based on research from a variety of sources a. scientific journals: are the best place to locate .
Texts of Wow Rosh Hashana II 5780 - Congregation Shearith Israel, Atlanta Georgia Wow ׳ג ׳א:׳א תישארב (א) ׃ץרֶָֽאָּהָּ תאֵֵ֥וְּ םִימִַׁ֖שַָּה תאֵֵ֥ םיקִִ֑לֹאֱ ארָָּ֣ Îָּ תישִִׁ֖ארֵ Îְּ(ב) חַורְָּ֣ו ם
DNV has a long history of providing incident investigation services and . 2. Need for incident investigation 3. Investigation process 4. Investigation assessment – selected results 5. Findings of investigation - recommendations and expectations 6. Comments from GenCat 7. Concluding remarks
Science investigation (Open ended investigation) Scientific investigation is a holistic approach to learning science through practical work (Woolnough, 1991). ―The aim of science investigation is to provide students opportunities to use concepts and cognitive processes and skills to solve problems‖ (Gott & Duggan, 1996, p. 26).
for 5th Grade Science . authentic scientific investigation frequently does not parallel the steps of “the scientific method.” I t is important to note that scientific investigations do not follow a rigidly defined set of steps. These investigations follow the steps necessary to find an answer to a
THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION By W. I. B. Beveridge 1950. SOFTWARE INVESTIGATION THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION By William Ian Beardmore Beveridge An entirely fresh approach to the intellectual adventure of scientific research 1950 Ben Simo Ben@QualityFrog.com May-15 2.
Science as Inquiry Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations. Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Understandings about scientific inquiry
akuntansi musyarakah (sak no 106) Ayat tentang Musyarakah (Q.S. 39; 29) لًََّز ãَ åِاَ óِ îَخظَْ ó Þَْ ë Þٍجُزَِ ß ا äًَّ àَط لًَّجُرَ íَ åَ îظُِ Ûاَش
prospective arbitrator before making an appointment instead of relying solely on publicly available information and personal recommendations. . Before accepting a request for an interview, prospective arbitrators should agree in advance the limits of the interview with the interviewing party. The place, the timing, the names and roles of the participants and the scope of matters to be .
