Twin Cities - University Of Minnesota
Understanding the New IEEE 1584-2018 Guide forPerforming Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations and the 2017NEC Arc Energy Reduction ArticlesMIPSYCON Safety/Security SessionTuesday, November 12th, 20191-2pmRyan Bergeron, IEEE Senior MemberRyan.Bergeron.us@ieee.orgTwin CitiesNovember 12, 2019Slide 1Ryan.Bergeron@us.abb.com&
Twin CitiesIEEE Mission: IEEE’s core purpose is to fostertechnological innovation and excellencefor the benefit of humanity.IEEE Vision: IEEE will be essential to the globaltechnical community and to be technicalprofessionals everywhere, and be universallyrecognized for the contributions of technologyand of technical professionals in improvingglobal conditions.November 12, 2019Slide 2IEEE Mission & Vision: E Regions Worldwide
Agenda Understanding the New IEEE 1584-2018 Guide, NFPA 70E, and OSHA IEEE 1584-2018 Inputs: Working Distance, Electrode Gap, Electrode Orientations, and Size Information Multiple and Varying Arcing Currents with IEEE 1584-2018 Review Fuse Clearing Time Problems and the 2020 / 2017 NEC 240.67 Article Case #1: Varying Cable Lengths Case #2, Parts I-III: Varying Transformer Sizes 15kV and Below Solutions for New and Retrofit Applications Review Arc Energy Reduction Solutions per 2020 / 2017 NEC 240.67 and 240.87 CEU (Continuing Education Unit) Exercises: 240.67 (B)(2) 240.67 (B)(3) and 240.87(B)(4) Understand the Present / Pending Enforcement Maps of the 2020 / 2017 NECNovember 12, 2019Slide 3
National Electrical Codes*IEEE 1584-2002November 12, 2019Slide 4*2017 NEC Reference: -2017-NEC**IEEE 1584-2018 Reference: IEEE 1584-2018**
New Equations of Calculating Incident EnergyIEEE 1584 2.0 model is more complex vs. 2002November 12, 2019Slide 5
IEEE 1584-2002 vs. IEEE 1584-2018What is the difference?IEEE 1584-2002 (version 1.0) calculation variables: Gap (G) (equipment type driven) Working distance (D) Operating voltage (Voc) Available short circuit current (Ibf) Grounding (yes/no) (not new model) Box (yes/no)November 12, 2019Slide 6New IEEE 1584-2018 (version 2.0) adds: Electrode orientation Electrode environment (barriers?) Box size considerations More variable gap considerations Results may vary significantly Arcing Current (Ia) Incident Energy (Ei) Approach Boundary
Understanding Arc Flash Hazard CalculationsMomentary vs. IEEE 1584-2018/IEEE 1584-2002 IntegratedMomentary2500 kVANovember 12, 2019Slide 7Integrated*2500 kVA*EasyPower Webinar “Basics Steps in EasyPower to Conduct and Arc Flash Study Using theNew IEEE 1584–2018 Model”: https://www.easypower.com/resources/webinars
Electrode Configuration is a Big Change!From two (2) event modes to five (5) The orientation and arrangement of the electrodes used in the testing evolved. Electrodes placed in open-air (“OA”) or enclosed (“B”) (open front). Electrodes were also oriented vertically (“V”) or horizontally (“H”). Open space & barrier-terminated (“B”) electrode configurations also used. Electrode configurations defined and listed in the model:Event Modes1) VCB: Vertical electrodes inside a metal “box” enclosure.2) VCBB: Vertical electrodes terminated in a “barrier,” inside a metal “box”.3) HCB: Horizontal electrodes inside a metal “box”.4) VOA: Vertical electrodes in open air.5) HOA: Horizontal electrodes in open air.November 12, 2019Slide 8
Biggest Difference is Electrode DirectionHorizontal versus vertical makes a big difference.Horizontal electrodes aim plasma at the worker!OLD MODELAdditional in NEW MODELCommon sense more dangerous “plasma rail”aiming at worker!The data confirms it!Heat & plasma bouncearound the box & getpushed out via radiation& pressureNovember 12, 2019Slide 9*EasyPower Webinar “Arc Flash the Easy Way - Part 2, Data and-industry-standardsLorentz force pushes arc(plasma) away from “end”of electrodesHeat & plasma focused onworker
Curve 1 & 2, Incident Energy OnlyCommon Performance Target*20 X 20inT 50ms, VCB, BoxAnalysis457.2mm,WD IEEE480V, Gap 32mm,vs.Ei(V2.6.2)@(1)IEEE1584-20181584-2002(2) Ei(V2.6.2)@ 480V, Gap 32mm, WD 457.2mm, T 50ms, HCB, Box 20 X 20in3 Cycle Clearing Time 0.05 seconds or 50 ms1584-2002 Ei @ 480V SG G 32mm, K -0.097 K1 -0.555 K2 -0.113 Cf 1.5 x 1.473 D 457.2mm12 Criteria: 0.48/0.277kV Switchgear/Switchboard/MCC,32mm Working Gap, 18” Working Distance,0.05 second Clearing Time VCB: 8 cal/cm2 per old or new VCB to 100kA HCB: 45kA, 3 cycle clearing time not good enough Protection speed even more important!8cal/cm 28 cal/cm2Desired 8Calorie Limit!New 1584-2018 HCB45kANew 1584-2018 VCB4Old 1584-2002 VCBIbf (kA)0-November 12, 2019Slide 101020304050607080*IEEE Twin Cities PES/IAS: IEEE 1584 Revolutionary Changes Coming, October 2018: https://meetings.vtools.ieee.org/m/176768*IEEE San Francisco IAS: NFPA 70E / IEEE 1584: Significant Changes, February 2019: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/183482*IEEE Arrowhead: IEEE 1584 Revolutionary Changes Coming, March 2019: 100
Hierarchy of Risk Control MethodsEach method is considered less effective than the one before1) Elimination of the hazard: Physically removing the hazard (eliminate switchgear sections,perform de-energized work / turn power off, etc.)2) Substitution: Replace the hazard with proper design to lessen the hazard.3) Engineering Controls: Isolate people from the hazard with 2020 / 2017 NEC Articles240.87 and 240.67, address human error, etc.4) Awareness: Education in NEC codes (PDH, CEUs, etc.), safety training, meetings,signage, and culture It is up to the individual.5) Administrative Controls: Document risk procedures/assessments to address human error.6) PPE: IEEE 1584-2018 will guide consultants and end-users to appropriate PPE levelswith available technologies. It is up to the employer (end-user) to protect workers.November 12, 2019Slide 11*EasyPower Webinar “Arc Flash The Easy Way – Part 1, Regulations and Industry nd-industry-standards
IEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current MethodCase #1: Varying Cable Lengths w/ LV Current Limiting FusesA4BQ1200ACableLength300‘Fuse OCPD1200A1200A1200A1200A1200A4.6 Intermediate Incident Energy (E), pg. 25**IEEE 1584-2018 Reference: November 12, 2019A4BQ1200ASlide 12CableLength1200‘
IEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current MethodCase #1: Varying Cable Lengths w/ LV Current Limiting FusesA4BQ1200ACableLength300‘Fuse OCPD1200A1200A1200A1200A1200A4.6 Intermediate Incident Energy (E), pg. 25**IEEE 1584-2018 Reference: November 12, 2019A4BQ1200ASlide 13CableLength1200‘
Bolted Fault BackgroundI.Worst Case Fault MagnitudeII.Types Three Phase Bolted Faults Bolted Line-to-Line Faults Line-to-Line-to-Ground Faults Line-to-Ground FaultsNovember 12, 2019Slide 14Bolted Fault Event
Baseline Examples13.8kV Fused Switch*Main Fused Switch200AIEEE 1584-201813.8kV: Lower Arcing Currents*Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 8.628VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 8.395 or 97%Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 8.628VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 7.988 or 93%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 8.126 or 94%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 7.78 or 90%H 90”, W 35”, D 50”November 12, 2019Slide 15*Working Distances (WD) 36”, Electrode Gap 152mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB, SwitchgearDimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35
Potential Load Side Arcing FaultArcing Fault BackgroundI.BranchSectionMainSectionArcing Fault EventTypes Three Phase Line-Line Line-Ground Line-Line-GroundII.BusCablesSwitchGroundReasons Human Factor Foreign Objects (wrenches, creatures, etc.) Electrical Wire or Cable Insulation Failure*November 12, 2019Slide 16*NFPA Electrical Fires Research: -causes/osHomeElectricalFires.ashx?la en
Baseline Examples0.48kV Fused SWBD*SwitchboardMain Fused Switch3000AIEEE 1584-20180.48kV: Higher Arcing Currents*Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.196VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 23.21 or 40%Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.196VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.868 or 50%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 33.474 or 58%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.085 or 48%H 90”, W 40”, D 35”November 12, 2019Slide 17*Working Distances (WD) 18” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB,Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35
Case #2, Part I: Varying Transformer Sizes, 24” WDIEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current Method1000 / 1150 kVA, OA/FA, Oil Transformer, 5.75%0.48kV Substation*Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 53.424VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 31.648 or 55%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 36.312 or 63%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 31.246 or 54%VCBIncident Energy0.4 cal/cm2VCBBIncident Energy0.6 cal/cm2 (1.5x VCB)HCBIncident Energy0.9 cal/cm2, (2.3x VCB)Fuse1400AA4BQVCB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.01VCBB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.01HCB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.01November 12, 2019Slide 18*Working Distances (WD) 24” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB,Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35
IEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current MethodCase #2, Part II: Varying Transformer Sizes, 24” WD 2000 / 2300 kVA, OA/FA, Oil Transformer, 5.75%0.48kV Substation*Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.196VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.868 or 50%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 33.474 or 58%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.085 or 48%VCBIncident Energy20.0 cal/cm2VCBBIncident Energy11.7 cal/cm2 (0.6x VCB)HCBIncident Energy47.3 cal/cm2, (2.4x VCB)HCB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.609VCB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.522VCBB: Arc Time (seconds) 0.209Fuse3000AA4BQNovember 12, 2019Slide 19*Working Distances (WD) 24” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB,Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35
Case #2, Part III: Varying Transformer Sizes, 24” WDIEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current Method2500 / 2875 kVA, OA/FA, Oil Transformer, 5.75%0.48kV Substation*Bus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.291VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 32.95 or 57%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 33.501 or 57%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 32.603 or 56%HCB: Arc Time (seconds) 2**VCB: Arc Time (seconds) 2**VCBIncident Energy87.2 cal/cm2VCBBIncident Energy103.6 cal/cm2 (1.2x VCB)HCBIncident Energy181.2 cal/cm2, (2.1x VCB)VCBB: Arc Time (seconds) 1.851Fuse4000AA4BQNovember 12, 2019Slide 20*Working Distances (WD) 24” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB,Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35**SC Options, Arc Flash Hazard - IEEE 1584-2018 Max Time (sec) 2
2020 / 2017 National Electric Code Article 240.67240.67 Arc Energy Reduction. Where fuses rated 1200Aor higher are installed, 240.67(A) and (B) shall apply. Thisrequirement shall become effective January 1, 2020.(A) Documentation. Documentation shall be available tothose authorized to design, install, operate, or inspect theinstallation as to the location of the fuses.(B) Method to Reduce Clearing Time. A fuse shall have aclearing time of 0.07 seconds or less at the availablearcing current, or one of the following shall be provided:(1) Differential relaying(2) Energy-reducing maintenance switching with localstatus indicator(3) Energy-reducing active arc flash mitigation system(4) An approved equivalent meansInformational Note No. 3: IEEE 1584, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash HazardCalculations, is one of the available methods that provides guidance in determining arcing current.November 12, 2019Slide 21
IEEE 1584-2002Arcing Current MethodModeling Fused Instantaneous Ranges240.67 (B): LV Main Adjustable DeviceIEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current MethodBus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.196VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 23.21 or 40%VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.868 or 50%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 33.474 or 58%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.085 or 48%UL 977 FusedPower-CircuitDevice**LV PRI FUSEMaximumNovember 12, 2019Slide 22NEC: 0.07 seconds0.058s Arc Clearing Time*Working Distances (WD) 18” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm, Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB,Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35**IEEE Paper: “Improving Selectivity & Arc-Flash Protection through Optimized Instantaneous Settings”
Differential Protective Relaying240.67 (B)(1) and 240.87 (B)(2): Differential RelayingI.Transformer Fault Type Examples Phase-to-Phase Faults Three-Phase Faults Ground Faults Core Faults Tank FaultsNovember 12, 2019Slide 231287TNo-Fault ConditionsI1 I2 0I1Protected ZoneI2Fault ConditionsI1 I2 0I1Protected ZoneDifferential Protection (87T) compares the current goinginto the zone against the current leaving the zoneI2
Medium Voltage ANSI/IEEE/UL Switchgear*240.67(B)(1) and 240.87(B)(2): Differential Relaying per ANSI 87T and ANSI 87B Switchgear ApplicationsConventionalIEC 61850* / Digital*Voltage *sensorsCurrent *sensorsAre put in t hesame locat ionas CTs.November 12, 2019Slide 24Mount ed as bussupport s or likesurge arrest orsin t he cablecompart ment .*IEEE Twin Cities PES/IAS, St. Paul, MN, May 2019: Digital Switchgear Technology and Application of IEC 61850 forMedium Voltage Switchgear Protection and Control: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/187174*IEEE PCIC 2019 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, September 2019 “The Next Phase in the Evolution of Safety byDesign – Digital Switchgear”: ram.html
Fused Energy-Reducing Maintenance Switching*240.67 (B)(2): LV Main Adjustable Device w/ ERMSBus Bolted Fault (kA) 58.196VCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 23.21 or 40%TemporaryVCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.868 or 50%VCBB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 33.474 or 58%HCB: Bus Arc Fault (kA) 28.085 or 48%IEEE 1584-2002Arcing Current MethodIEEE 1584-2018Arcing Current MethodUL 977 FusedPower-CircuitDeviceLV PRI FUSENominalERMSInst Pick UpNEC: 0.07 secondsMaximumNovember 12, 2019Slide 250.05s Arc Clearing Time*Does not influence NFPA 70E Arc Flash Label. Working Distances (WD) 18” (range 18-24”), Electrode Gap 32mm,Electrode Configuration VCB, VCBB, and HCB, Switchboard Dimensions: H 90”, W 40”, D 35
Energy-reducing Active Arc Flash Mitigation System*240.67 (B)(3) and 240.87(B)(4): Arc Flash Detection Relays Clearing as fast as 0.004 seconds (4 ms). Arc in a cable compartment Relay detects light and both relays detect overcurrentClosed CBClosed CB Both relays send the current information to all connected unitsMV BUSMV BUS Only the affected feeder circuit breaker (CB) is openedUpstream RelaysMV BKRMV BKR51MV BUSCircuitUFESUFES51DT XFMRDT XFMRDT XFMRDT XFMRApplicationsMV BUSBreakersFusesMV BUS2017NEC240.87(B)(4)2017NEC240.67 (B)(3)MV BKRMV BKRMedium VoltageMediumVoltageMV “E” RATEDMV “E” RATEDMVFUSEBKR5050MV “E” RATEDFUSEMV “E” RATEDFUSE515050Closed CBs51AF RELAYUFESAF RELAYFuseMV BUSAFRELAYUFESMV BKRDT XFMRDT XFMRMV BKRXFMRDT “E”RATEDMVFUSEDT XFMR5051MV BUSMV BUSAPPLICABLEBUSMV BUSAPPLICABLE MVSYSTEMN/AYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMMV BKRMV BKRMV BKRMV “E” RATED MV “E” RATED50FUSEFUSE505151UFESMRDT XFMRLV BUSLV BUSNovember 12, 2019OpenRATEDMV “E” RATEDMV “E” CBFUSE5051UFESDT XFMRLV BUSSlide 26FUSEUFESDownstreamXFMRDTXFMRDTDT XFMRRelaysBUSLV BUSLVTransformerUFESDT XFMR50LV BUS51MV BKRRATED“E”RELAYMVAFFUSELV BUSLV BUSUFES51DT XFMRCircuitDT XFMRDT XFMRAFRELAYUFESLV BUS DT XFMRDT XFMRN/A SYSTEMLV BUSN/A SYSTEMDT XFMRDT XFMRAPPLICABLELowVoltageLV BUSSYSTEMSee methods240.67SeeFactory,SolutionAFRELAYLV BUS 240.67 (B),UFES LV BUS(B),(B)(1),or(B)(2)or Solution 240.67(B)(2)SYSTEMXFMRDTFUSEBreakerLV BUSTransformerN/A SYSTEMAPPLICABLELowVoltageMV “E” RATED50ArcDT XFMRMV BUSN/A SYSTEMMV “E” RATEDFUSEUFES 5051MV BUSLV BUSLV BUSLV BUSBUSFUSECircuitBreakerMV BUSAPPLICABLESYSTEMLV BUSAPPLICABLESYSTEMAPPLICABLESYSTEM*IEEE Paper: “Arc Flash – New Regulationsand the Advantagesof the Ultra Fast Earthing Grounding Switch”LV BUSLV BUSLV BUSLV BUSAPPLICABLEAPPLICABLEAPPLICABLEAPPLICABLEA SYSTEMSYSTEMN/AN/A SYSTEMSYSTEMN/A SYSTEM
CEU (Continuing Education Unit) Exercise #1Applying 2020 / 2017 NEC Article 240.67 (B)(2)T2 AE1 T2 AE1 T2 AE1 Step #1 Step #2November 12, 2019Slide 27T1 AE2 T1 AE2 T1 AE2 Step #1T1 0.025 or 2.5%T2Step #2T1* AE1 AE2T2Summary: Time has a linear relationship withIncident Energy.MIPSYCON Safety/Security Session, Tuesday, November 12th, 2019, 1-2pm
Pressure (Bar)1.6CEU (Continuing Education Unit) Exercise #21.4Applying 2020 / 2017 NEC Article 240.67 (B)(3) / 240.87 (B)(4)1.21.0T2 AE1 T2 AE1 T2 AE1 Step #1 Step #2T1 November 12, 2019Slide 28AE2 T1 AE2 T1 AE2 Pressure (Psi)23.2Pressure RiseInside 00.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Time in secondsT 0.004Pressure Curve without methodPressure Curve with 240.67 (B)(3) / 240.87 (B)(4) methodStep #1T1 0.002 or 0.2%T2Step #2T1* AE1 AE2T2Summary: Time has a linear relationship withIncident Energy.MIPSYCON Safety/Security Session, Tuesday, November 12th, 2019, 1-2pm
Summary for Fuses per 240.67 The new IEEE 1584-2018 Guide is more accurate, much more technical, requires more inputs and time. Previous power system studies will be updated and may require protection adjustments forprotective relays, electronic trip units, etc. The 2017 NEC Article 240.67 for Fuses 1200 or Higher requires methods for Arc Energy Reductionand to solve fused clearing time problems by January 1 st, 2020 by the state or local authority.Clearing Times (seconds)2017 NEC Article 240.67 MethodsCircuit Breaker Electronic Device(B) Less than 0.07 Seconds(B)(1) Differential Relaying(B)(2) Energy-reducing maintenanceswitching with local status indicator(B)(3) Energy-reducing active arc flashmitigation systemNFPA 70E0.045-0.06TOTALLabel 50.05No0.0040.004Yes EasyPower/SKM/ETAP incorporates the new IEEE 1584-2018 equations, inputs, etc. with libraries foravailable and compliant technologies per the 2017 Article 240.67 for Fuses 1200A or Higher.November 12, 2019Slide 29
Summary for Fuses per 240.67 The new IEEE 1584-2018 Guide is more accurate, much more technical, requires more inputs and time. Previous power system studies will be updated and may require protection adjustments forprotective relays, electronic trip units, etc. The 2017 NEC Article 240.67 for Fuses 1200 or Higher requires methods for Arc Energy Reductionand to solve fused clearing time problems by January 1 st, 2020 by the state or local authority.Clearing Times (seconds)2017 NEC Article 240.67 MethodsCircuit Breaker Electronic DeviceTOTALLabel .073YesTemporary0.050.05No0.0040.004Yes(B) Less than 0.07 Seconds(B)(1) Differential Relaying(B)(2) Energy-reducing maintenanceswitching with local status indicator(B)(3) Energy-reducing active arc flashmitigation systemNFPA 70E EasyPower/SKM/ETAP incorporates the new IEEE 1584-2018 equations, inputs, etc. with libraries foravailable and compliant technologies per the 2017 Article 240.67 for Fuses 1200A or Higher.November 12, 2019Slide 30
2017 National Electric Code Article 240.87240.87 Arc Energy Reduction. Where the highest continuous current tripsetting for which the actual overcurrent device installed in a circuit breakeris rated or can be adjusted is 1200A or higher, 240.87(A) and (B) shall apply:(A) Documentation. Documentation shall be available tothose authorized to design, install, operate, or inspect theinstallation as to the location of the circuit breaker(s).(B) Method to Reduce Clearing Time. One of the followingmeans shall be provided:(1) Zone Selective Interlocking(2) Differential relaying(3) Energy-reducing maintenance switching with localstatus indicator(4) Energy-reducing active arc flash mitigation system(5) An instantaneous trip setting that is less than theavailable arcing current(6) An instantaneous override that is less than the availablearcing current(7) An approved equivalent meansInformational Note No. 3: IEEE 1584-2002, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash HazardCalculations, is one of the available methods that provides guidance in determining arcing current.November 12, 2019Slide 31
Zone Selective Interlocking240.87 (B)(1): ApplicationNFPA 70E Annex O:“Zone-selective interlocking. A method that allowstwo or more circuit breakers to communicate witheach other so that a short circuit or ground fault willbe cleared by the breaker closest to the fault with nointentional delay. Clearing the fault in the shortesttime aids in reducing the incident energy.” Requires a physical connection betweenthe circuit breakers involved. For LV specifications, the term zoneselective interlocking by itself isinadequate. Must identify the type of ZSIand the circuit breakers involvedNovember 12, 2019Slide 32(no signal)
IEC 61850 Digital Substation DesignCommunication Protocol: IEC 61850-9-2 Process Bus TechnologyRelayRelayRelayManufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer#1#2#3November 12, 2019Slide 33
Low Voltage ANSI/IEEE/UL 87B Basics240.87 (B)(2): Differential Relaying Differential protection is zone protection where the zone isdefined by the sensors used to sense the current going in andgoing out. If no fault I1-I2-I3-I4 0, if there is a fault on the main bus thenI1-I2-I3-I4 I fault A fault below any of the feeders is ignored by this scheme.Only faults on the bus are detected. “Inherently selective” Provides continuous 24/7 protection (Engineering Control) Can influence NFPA 70E arc flash labelNovember 12, 2019Slide 34
Low Voltage ANSI/IEEE/UL 87B Switchgear240.87 (B)(2): Differential Relaying per ANSI 87B UL 1558 Switchgear ApplicationsConventionalNovember 12, 2019Slide 35IEC 61850 / Digital
An instantaneous setting that is less than the available arcing current240.87 (B)(5)Some possible pitfalls: Maximum adjustable setting of the breaker is less than the arcing current? Documentation requirements? Report? Warning labels? Commissioning report documenting the setting that was applied? Is breaker a main or a feeder? Location of arcing current? Zone of protection? How does this setting affect system reliability? Is system selectivity maintained or compromised? What assumptions were used for the available fault current?November 12, 2019Slide 36
Summary for Circuit Breakers per 240.87 The new IEEE 1584-2018 Guide is more accurate, much more technical, requires more inputs and time. Previous power system studies will be updated and may require protection adjustments forprotective relays, electronic trip units, etc.Clearing Times (seconds)2017 NEC Article 240.87 Methods(B)(1) Zone-Selective InterlockingCircuit Breaker Electronic DeviceTOTALLabel 420.032No0.0040.004Yes0.05(B)(2) Differential Relaying: ANSI 87T0.045-0.06(B)(2) Differential Relaying: ANSI 87B0.05(B)(3) Energy-reducing maintenanceswitching with local status indicator(B)(4) Energy-reducing active arc flashmitigation systemNFPA 70E0.006-0.013 EasyPower/SKM/ETAP incorporates the new IEEE 1584-2018 equations, inputs, etc. with libraries foravailable and compliant technologies per the 2017 Article 240.87 for Circuit Breakers 1200A or Higher.November 12, 2019Slide 37
Summary for Circuit Breakers per 240.87 The new IEEE 1584-2018 Guide is more accurate, much more technical, requires more inputs and time. Previous power system studies will be updated and may require protection adjustments forprotective relays, electronic trip units, etc.Clearing Times (seconds)2017 NEC Article 240.87 Methods(B)(1) Zone-Selective InterlockingCircuit Breaker Electronic DeviceTOTALLabel 420.032No0.0040.004Yes0.05(B)(2) Differential Relaying: ANSI 87T0.045-0.06(B)(2) Differential Relaying: ANSI 87B0.05(B)(3) Energy-reducing maintenanceswitching with local status indicator(B)(4) Energy-reducing active arc flashmitigation systemNFPA 70ETemporary0.006-0.013 EasyPower/SKM/ETAP incorporates the new IEEE 1584-2018 equations, inputs, etc. with libraries foravailable and compliant technologies per the 2017 Article 240.87 for Circuit Breakers 1200A or Higher.November 12, 2019Slide 38
United States 2020 / 2017 NEC Maps*NFPA**November 12, 2019Slide 39*Source: doption-maps**IEEE Twin Cities PES/IAS October 2019 Technical Event by Chad Kurdi. P.E., IEEE Member: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/200513
Summary Understanding the New IEEE 1584-2018 Guide, NFPA 70E, and OSHA IEEE 1584-2018 Inputs: Working Distance, Electrode Gap, Electrode Orientations, and Size Information Multiple and Varying Arcing Currents with IEEE 1584-2018 Review Fuse Clearing Time Problems and the 2020 / 2017 NEC 240.67 Article Case #1: Varying Cable Lengths Case #2, Parts I-III: Varying Transformer Sizes 15kV and Below Solutions for New and Retrofit Applications Review Arc Energy Reduction Solutions per 2020 / 2017 NEC 240.67 and 240.87 CEU (Continuing Education Unit) Exercises: 240.67 (B)(2) 240.67 (B)(3) and 240.87(B)(4) Understand the Present / Pending Enforcement Maps of the 2020 / 2017 NECNovember 12, 2019Slide 40
MIPSYCON Safety/Security Session Q&AIf you have questions, please contact me furtherBooth #311SpeakerRyan Bergeron, MSEE, MBA, IEEE Senior Member– ABB Regional Field Application Engineer– ABB CEU Certified / Authorized IACET CEU Trainer– Phone: (612) 916-9911– Ryan.Bergeron.us@ieee.org / Ryan.Bergeron@us.abb.com– Founder and Chair, IEEE Twin Cities PES/IAShttp://sites.ieee.org/tc-pesias/Booth #313November 12, 2019Slide 41Sep. 12th, 2019 @ 5:30-7:30pm, IEEE derstanding IEEE 1584-2018 and the 2017 NECArticle 240.67, Arc Energy Reduction for icle-240.67Nov. 12th, 2019 @ 1pm, nesota-power-systemsconference*Superceding “Understanding NEC 240.67 2017, Arc Energy Reduction for ACET: International Association of Continuing Education & Training
Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations and the 2017 NEC Arc Energy Reduction Articles MIPSYCON Safety/Security Session Twin Cities & Twin Cities & November 12, 2019 Slide 2 IEEE Mission: IEEE’s core purpose is to foster technological i
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