Introduction To LTSPICE Dr. Lynn Fuller

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Introduction to LTSPICEROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYMICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERINGIntroduction to LTSPICEDr. Lynn FullerElectrical and Microelectronic EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology82 Lomb Memorial DriveRochester, NY 14623-5604Tel (585) 475-2035Fax (585) 475-5041Email: Lynn.Fuller@rit.eduDr. Fuller’s Webpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeeeMicroE Webpage: http://www.microe.rit.eduRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering1-14-2014 Intro to LTSPICE.ppt January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 1

Introduction to LTSPICEADOBE PRESENTERThis PowerPoint module has been published using Adobe Presenter.Please click on the Notes tab in the left panel to read the instructorscomments for each slide. Manually advance the slide by clickingon the play arrow or pressing the page down key.Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 2

Introduction to LTSPICEOUTLINESPICE IntroductionLTSPICEMOSFET Parameters and SPICE ModelsID-VDS Family of CurvesID-VGS and GM-VGS CurvesInverter DC SimulationRing Oscillator Transient SimulationConclusionHelpful HintsReferencesHomeworkRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 3

Introduction to LTSPICEINTRODUCTIONSPICE (Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Engineering) is a general-purposecircuit simulation program for non-linear DC, non-linear transient, and linear ACanalysis. Circuits may contain resistors, capacitors, inductors, mutual inductors,independent voltage and current sources, four types of dependent sources,transmission lines, switches, and several semiconductor devices: including diodes,BJTs, JFETs, MESFETs, and MOSFETs. Circuits with large numbers of all types ofcomponents can be simulated. You can think of SPICE as a nodal network solverthat outputs all the node voltages and branch currents. One node must be named “0”(the ground node) and is the reference node for all the node voltages.SPICE input files and output files are simple text files (e.g. name.txt)Input files include a TITLE, circuit description NET LIST, analysis directives(COMMANDS), and lists of other text files to include (INC) such as model libraries(LIB) and an .END command.Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 4

Introduction to LTSPICEINTRODUCTIONLT SPICE – is a free SPICE simulator with schematic capture from LinearTechnology. It is quite similar to PSPICE Lite but is not limited in the number ofdevices or nodes. Linear Technology (LT) is one of the industry leaders in analogand digital integrated circuits. Linear Technology provides a complete set of SPICEmodels for LT components. (This is a good choice for your home computer.)The input file for SPICE is generated automatically from the schematic capturesoftware. In the old days the input file was created by hand as a simple text file.SPICE can still run using a simple text file as the input but today most users prefer touse schematic capture software to create the input file.These files are read line by line. If the line starts with “*” it is a comment and whatfollows on that line is ignored. SPICE directives start with a “.” such as .END or.INCLUDE pathneame\folder\filename.txt or .MODEL modelname NMOS (Level 7etc etc etc.) Upper and Lower case are treated the same (not case sensitive) thusm stands for milli, and MEG stands for mega.Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 5

Introduction to LTSPICEMOSFET DEVICE MODELSMOSFET Device models used by SPICE (Simulation Program forIntegrated Circuit Engineering) simulators can be divided into threeclasses: First Generation Models (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 Models),Second Generation Models (BISM, HSPICE Level 28, BSIM2) andThird Generation Models (BSIM3, Level 7, Level 8, Level 49, etc.)The newer generations can do a better job with short channel effects,local stress, transistors operating in the sub-threshold region, gateleakage (tunneling), noise calculations, temperature variations andthe equations used are better with respect to convergence duringcircuit simulation.In general first generation models are recommended for MOSFETswith gate lengths of 10um or more. If not specified most SPICEMOSFET Models default to level 1 (Shichman and Hodges)Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 6

Introduction to LTSPICEMOSFET SPICE MODEL LEVELSLEVEL 1 Shichman-Hodges ModelLEVEL 2 geometry-based analytic modelLEVEL 3 semi-empirical, short-channel modelLEVEL 4 BSIMLEVEL 28 BSIM ver 2v6LEVEL 7 or 8 BSIM3v1 from UC BerkeleyLEVEL 49 from Hspice is an enhanced UC BerkeleyLEVEL 53 from Hspice is full compliance Berkeley1st Generation2nd Generation3rd GenerationRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 7

Introduction to LTSPICEMEASURED FAMILY OF CURVES FOR RIT NMOSRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 8

Introduction to LTSPICESIMULATIONS USING 1st GENERATION MODELS1st Generation - Level 1 Model1st Generation - Level 2 ModelRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 9

Introduction to LTSPICEMOSFET DESCRIPTIONSIn SPICE a transistor is defined by its name and associated properties or attributesand its model. Its name and associated properties is given in the input file net list.Its model is given in the included library or model file or added to the input file.For example:* SPICE Input File (lines starting with * are comments and are ignored)* MOSFET names start with M . M2 is the name for the MOSFET below and its drain, gate, source* and substrate is connected to nodes 3,2,0,0 respectively. The model name is RITSUBN7.* The parameters/attributes is everything after that.M2 3 2 0 0 RITSUBN7 L 2U W 16U ad 96e-12 as 96e-12 pd 44e-6 ps 44e-6 nrd 1.0 nrs 1.0**LTSPICE schematic showing .Include and .dc sweep commands. Propertiesdefine L and W values. Note: attributes with no entry field nrs andin bottom box. Attribute Editor (CTRL click on the transistor)allows attributes with Vis. X to be displayed on the schematic.Rochester Institute of Technologydialog box toMicroelectronic Engineeringnrd are typed January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 10

Introduction to LTSPICECHANGING THE MOSFET MODEL IN LTSPICEThere a several ways to change the model. A good way to do it is create a text fileon your computer and put your models in that text file and save it in some folder.You can copy models from Dr. Fuller’s webpage to start your collection of models.See: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee/CMOS.htmThe contents of that file is shown on the page below.Next you change the model name for your transistor by right click on the modelname shown in your schematic and typing the model name used in the model file.(for example: RITSUBN7)Finally you place a SPICE directive on your schematic by clicking on the .op iconon the top banner and type the following command:.include Drive:\path\folder\filenameFor example.inc C:\SPICE\RIT Models For LTSPICE.txtRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 11

Introduction to LTSPICERIT Models for LTSPICE*SPICE MODELS FOR RIT DEVICES - DR. LYNN FULLER 12-24-2013*LOCATION DR.FULLER'S COMPUTER C:/SPICE/MODELS/*and also at: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee/CMOS.htm*.model RITMEMDIODE D IS 3.02E-9 N 1 RS 207 VJ 0.6 CJO 200e-12 M 0.5 BV 400**4-4-2013.MODEL RITSUBN7 NMOS (LEVEL 7 VERSION 3.1 CAPMOD 2 MOBMOD 1 TOX 1.5E-8 XJ 1.84E-7 NCH 1.45E17 NSUB 5.33E16 XT 8.66E-8 VTH0 1.0 U0 600 WINT 2.0E-7 LINT 1E-7 NGATE 5E20 RSH 1082 JS 3.23E-8 JSW 3.23E-8 CJ 6.8E-4 MJ 0.5 PB 0.95 CJSW 1.26E-10 MJSW 0.5 PBSW 0.95 PCLM 5 CGSO 3.4E-10 CGDO 3.4E-10 CGBO 5.75E-10)**4-4-2013.MODEL RITSUBP7 PMOS (LEVEL 7 VERSION 3.1 CAPMOD 2 MOBMOD 1 TOX 1.5E-8 XJ 2.26E-7 NCH 7.12E16 NSUB 3.16E16 XT 8.66E-8 VTH0 -1.0 U0 376.72 WINT 2.0E-7 LINT 2.26E-7 NGATE 5E20 RSH 1347 JS 3.51E-8 JSW 3.51E-8 CJ 5.28E-4 MJ 0.5 PB 0.94 CJSW 1.19E-10 MJSW 0.5 PBSW 0.94 CGSO 4.5E-10 CGDO 4.5E-10 CGBO 5.75E-10)** From Electronics I EEEE481.model EENMOS2 NMOS LEVEL 2 VTO 0.7 KP 25E-6 LAMBDA 0.02 GAMMA 0.9 TOX 90E-9 NSUB 3.7E15*Rochester Institute of Technology* From Electronics IIMicroelectronicEEEE482 Engineering.MODEL QRITNPN NPN (BF 416 IKF .06678 ISE 6.734E-15 IS 6.734E-15 NE 1.259 RC 1 RB 10 VA 109)Go to this location forcomplete file. January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 12

Introduction to LTSPICESIMULATIONS USING 3rd GENERATION MODELSSimulated in LTSPICE using Level 7 modelVideo Intro to LTSPICE.wmvRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 13

Introduction to LTSPICESIMULATED FAMILY OF CURVES FOR RIT NMOSRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 14

Introduction to LTSPICEMEASURED COMPARED TO SIMULATIONLevel 7Level 1Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 15

Introduction to LTSPICEID-VGS AND GM-VGS USING LTSPICEgm is the derivativeof drain current.Measuredd(Id(M1))Level 1IdLevel 1See: waveform arithmetic LTSPICEhelp topic for math expression syntaxRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic EngineeringMeasured January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 16

Introduction to LTSPICEID-VGS AND GM-VGS USING LTSPICEMeasuredSee: waveform arithmetic help topicfor math expression syntaxd(Id(M1))Id(M1)Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic EngineeringLevel 7 January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerMeasuredPage 17

Introduction to LTSPICEMEASURED and SIMULATED Sub-Threshold Ids-VgsLevel 7MeasuredRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 18

Introduction to LTSPICECMOS THEORETICAL INVERTER VOUT VS VINVOUTVOUTVIN V VImaxVohIddSlope GainVOVINIddVoLCMOSVIN00VihViLD0 noisemargin ViL-VoLRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronicEngineeringD1 noisemargin VoH-ViH January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerVinvPage 19 V

Introduction to LTSPICEMEASURED CMOS INVERTER VOUT & I VS VINRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 20

Introduction to LTSPICEINVERTER LAYOUT WITH PADSINV/NOR4W 40 µmLdrawn 2.5µmLpoly 1.5µmRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronicEngineeringLeff 1.0µm January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 21

Introduction to LTSPICEDC SIMULATION OF INVERTER VOUT & I VS VINGain -30 V/VImax 1.8mAVinv 2.34ViH 2.61VoH 4.32ViL 2.24Vol 0.47Rochester Institute of TechnologyD0 ViL-VoL 1.77Microelectronic EngineeringD1 VoH-ViH 1.71 January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 22

Introduction to LTSPICECONCLUSION FROM DC MODEL COMPARISONThird generation MOSFET models such as Level 7 give betterresults than any of the 1st or 2nd generation models. Thesemodels are different for different processes (such as RIT’s SubCMOS 150 or RIT’s Adv-CMOS 150 processes)Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 23

Introduction to LTSPICERING OSCILLATOR, td, THEORYSeven stage ring oscillatorwith two output bufferstd T / 2 Ntd gate delayN number of stagesT period of oscillationVoutBufferT period of oscillationRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 24Vout

Introduction to LTSPICEMEASURED RING OSCILLATOR OUTPUT73 Stage Ring at 5Vtd 104.8ns / 2(73) 0.718 nsRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 25

Introduction to LTSPICESPICE LEVEL-1 MOSFET MODELGCGSOCGDOSDCOXp p IDRSRDCBDCBSCGBOBRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineeringwhere ID is a dependent current sourceusing simple long channel equations. January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 26

Introduction to LTSPICEAC MODEL FOR MOSFETSThe AC response of a MOSFET are partially determined by the internalresistance and capacitance values. These values are calculated by SPICE usingthe spice model and the attributes shown n Series Resistance, ohmsSheet Resistance of Drain/Source, ohmsZero Bias Gate-Source/Drain Capacitance, F/m of widthZero Bias Gate-Substrate Capacitance, F/m of lengthDS Bottom Junction Capacitance, F/m2DS Side Wall Junction Capacitance, F/m of perimeterJunction Grading Coefficient, 0.5Side Wall Grading Coefficient, 0.5These are combined with the transistors parameters (attributes)L, WLength and WidthAS,ADArea of the Source/DrainPS,PDPerimeter of the Source/Drainof TechnologyNRS,NRD Rochester InstituteNumberof squares Contact to ChannelMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 27

Introduction to LTSPICERING OSCILLATOR LAYOUTS17 Stage Un-buffered OutputL/W 8/164/16L/W 2/30 Buffered Output2/1673 StageRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 2837 Stage

Introduction to LTSPICEMOSFETS IN THE INVERTER OF 73 RING OSCILLATORnmosfetpmosfet73 Stage Ring OscillatorRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 29

Introduction to LTSPICEFIND DIMENSIONS OF THE TRANSISTORS73 StageNMOSPMOSL2u2uW12u30uAD12ux12u 144p12ux30u 360pAS12ux12u 144p12ux30u 360pPD2x(12u 12u) 48u2x(12u 30u) 84uPS2x(12u 12u) 48u2x(12u 30u) 84uNRS10.3NRD10.3Use Ctrl right Click on all NMOS and all PMOS\Thenthese values. Double click in right columnRochesterenterInstitute of TechnologyMicroelectronic EngineeringX means values will be displayed on schematic. January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 30

Introduction to LTSPICELTSPICE SIMULATED RING OSCILLATOR AT 5 VOLTStd 1/(152MHz (2) 3) 1096psRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 31

Introduction to LTSPICECONCLUSIONSince the measured and the simulated gate delays, td are close tocorrect, then the SPICE model must be close to correct. Theinverter gate delay depends on the values of the internal capacitorsand resistances of the transistor.Specifically:RS, RS, RSHCGSO, CGDO, CGBOCJ, CJSWThese are combined with the transistorsL, WLength and WidthAS,ADArea of the Source/DrainPS,PDPerimeter of the Source/DrainNRS,NRDNumber of squares Contact to ChannelRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 32

Introduction to LTSPICESETTING COLORS FOR LTSPICE WAVEFORMColors can be set using the toolsmenu on the top banner.A curser can be set by left click ontrace name at top of thewaveform. The x and y locationof the curser will be displayed.A second curser can be set up byright click on the trace name. Thex and y location of both curserswill be displayed along with thedifferences and slopeTools also provides for copy ofbitmap to clipboard function.Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 33

Introduction to LTSPICEATTACHING CURSORS TO THE WAVEFORMRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 34

Introduction to LTSPICESETTING THICK LINES ON PLOTS IN LTSPICEUnder tools Control Panel waveformsyou can select Plot data with thick linesDefault axis color and plot line thicknessRochester Institute of TechnologyChange axis colortoEngineeringblack and plot with thick linesMicroelectronic January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 35

Introduction to LTSPICEREFERENCES1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.MOSFET Modeling with SPICE, Daniel Foty, 1997, Prentice Hall,ISBN-0-13-227935-5Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor, 2nd Edition, Yannis Tsividis,1999, McGraw-Hill, ISBN-0-07-065523-5UTMOST III Modeling Manual-Vol.1. Ch. 5. From Silvaco International.ATHENA USERS Manual, From Silvaco International.ATLAS USERS Manual, From Silvaco International.Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits, Richard Muller and TheodoreKamins, with Mansun Chan, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 2003, ISBN 0-471-59398-2ICCAP Manual, Hewlet PackardPSpice Users Guide.Dr. Fuller’s webpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeeeRochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 36

Introduction to LTSPICEHOMEWORK – INTRO TO LTSPICE1. Do LTSPICE simulations for all the examples in this document.2. Do an LTSPICE simulation for sub-CMOS 150 PMOS FET.Rochester Institute of TechnologyMicroelectronic Engineering January 16, 2014 Dr. Lynn FullerPage 37

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Introduction to LTSPICE Dr. Lynn Fuller Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology 82 Lomb Memorial Drive Roche

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