Test Target Design, Fabrication And Analysis For C-Scan .

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Test Target Design, Fabrication andAnalysis For C-Scan Ultrasonic SystemCharacterizationDavid Fetzer, BS Imaging ScienceAdvisor:Dr. Maria Helguera, Imaging Science, RITMay 5, 2004Chester F. CarlsonCenter for Imaging Science1

Project Goals Develop and fabricate thin-film resolution targets suitable forultrasound C-scan configuration calibration and analysis: Choose an appropriate substrate Find an appropriate scattering pattern Develop analysis software for repeatable system characterization Perform system characterization using these analysis toolsMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science2

BackgroundPhysics of ultrasoundTransducerAudible SoundFrequency: 20 Hz - 20 kHzUltrasoundFrequency: 20 kHzMedical UltrasoundFrequency: 1 - 20 MHzSpeed of sound in air: 344 m/sMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science3

BackgroundPhysics of ultrasoundZ1 ρ1ν1Z2 ρ2ν2Acoustic Impedance:Z ρνρ - physical densityν- velocity of soundITRIntensity of Reflection:R {(Z1-Z2)/(Z1 Z2)}2Axial resolution determined by wavelengthLateral resolution determined by beam widthMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science4

BackgroundPhysics of ultrasoundTarget4airScanner surface321TransducertimeMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science5

BackgroundUltrasound Imaging ModalitiesA-ScanB-ScanC-ScantyxMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science6

BackgroundC-Scan SystemsTime gatingMay 5, 2004xyChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science7

BackgroundTEST TARGETS (Phantoms): Used for testing and measuring the performance of ultrasonic imagingsystems Have regions of controlled scattering echogenicity which contain subresolvable scatterers Reveal the behavior of all the stages in the imaging chain in terms of the MTFand resolution limits When considering the analysis of C-scan system, these properties cannot beevaluated with conventional ultrasound test targetsMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science8

System AnalysisRequires Test Targets Involves the fabrication of thin filmresolution targets (phantoms) Different substrates and scatteringpatterns will be investigated Thin films will be used to obtainquantitative data on image output Ultrasound calibration Parylene C film target 20µm x 20 µm x 10 µm 100X MagnificationMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science9

Thin films SUBSTRATES: Parylene C Allows for high-resolution scattering target creation through silicon etchingtechniques Film has similar echogenic properties to human tissue Plastic Films Maliable, inexpensive Thick plastic films allow for a variety of scattering pattern creation Metal Target Provides high wave reflection Allows for precise scattering pattern etchingSCATTERERS: A variety of patterns were etched onto the different substrates in order to find the bestpossible scatterers Line pairs Radial patterns Etc.May 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science10

In the beginning Project started withB-scan configuration inmindMay 5, 2004 Parylene C film, 30 µm inthickness, was grown andpattern - etched usinglithography Lines were made ofcheckerboard pattern,20 x 20 x 10 µmChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science11

Preliminary Test FilmC scan of initial Parylene C filmScanline across image of film35 mmScanline Across Image of Film300250Pixel Value20 mm200150100500050100150200250300350400450500Pixel LocationMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science12

Preliminary Test Film Contrast is low due to axial resolution of the system Axial resolution is defined as:λ # cycles2 100 µmMTF from systemoutput using thepreliminary filmMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science13

Polyethylene Terephthalate Configuration requires thicker substrate and deeperetched pattern than Parylene C etching allows P.E.T. film substrate was chosen. Test patterns could be laser-etched into the filmMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science14

Image OutputMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science15

Metal Test TargetStainless steelresolution targetI cm squaresMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science16

Initial ResultsInformation obtained from test targetsThin Film:1Image:324 SquaresEach Square:0.08 cmImage2Height:375 pixels1.92 cmTest Target1: 343 pixels2: 344 pixels3: 344.6 pixels1.92 cm375 pixels 0.512 µm per pixelMay 5, 2004No radial distortionsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science17

Acquisition and AnalysisMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science18

Acquisition and AnalysisLine spread function (LSF)Windowed edge spread function (ESF) (also derivative of edge spread function)DerivativeFourierTransformMTF (Fourier Transform of LSF)May 5, 2004MTF comparisonsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science19

Line Target AnalysisFourierTransformScanlineMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science20

Line Target AnalysisDeformities caused by laser etching processRaking light experiment (Image Microstructure Lab, RIT t from right minus light from leftMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science21

Line Target AnalysisDeformities caused by laser etching process(Confocal Microscope Lab, RIT Department of Biology)Digital reconstruction and projectionConfocal Microscope ScanQuickTime and adecompressorare needed to see this picture.May 5, 2004QuickTime and adecompressorare needed to see this picture.Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science22

Line Target AnalysisOther deformitiesConfocal Microscope ScanQuickTime and adecompressorare needed to see this picture.May 5, 2004Digital reconstruction and projectionQuickTime and adecompressorare needed to see this picture.Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science23

Metal Test TargetOther deformitiesLeft rakingRight rakingLeft minus rightMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science24

Edge Target AnalysisDerivativeFourierTransformscanlineMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science25

Edge Target AnalysisVarying coupling agentsWaterMay 5, 2004SoapOilChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceUltrasound Gel26

Edge Target AnalysisVarying amounts of coupling agentLowMay 5, 2004MediumChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceHigh27

Edge Target AnalysisScanlines across edges at different anglesMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science28

ResultsMTF From SystemImage Output:MTF From SystemTransducer, Only:May 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science29

ResultsMTF FromOutputMTF FromBare TransducerMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science30

Conclusions Adequate thin-film test targets were created for the C-Scan system by using air to-target edge analysis and laser-etched PET scattering patternsSystem characterization was performed to provide information on the signaldegradation within the system, as seen by comparing MTF of image output tothe MTF calculated using the stand-alone system transducerThe PET thin films themselves were analyzed to provide informationconcerning deformities produced by the laser-etching process that inferpossible image degradationEffects produced by the quantity and type of coupling agent were analyzed.The type used has little effect while the amount used has a large effectThis information has been used to add to a complete protocol for C-scan targetdesign and testing and for C-scan system characterizationMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science31

Special Thanks: Dr. Maria Helguera - Center for Imaging Science, RITDr. Navalgund Rao - Center for Imaging Science, RITRaj Pai Panandikar, PhD Candidate – Imaging Science, RITDr. Dan Phillips - Electrical Engineering, RITDr. Lynn Fuller - Microelectronic Engineering, RITSteve Broskey, BS Candidate - Imaging Science, RITJay Cabacungan, BS Candidate - Microelectronic EngineeringDr. Jon Arney - Center for Imaging Science, RITDr. Carl Salvaggio - Center for Imaging Science, RITDr. Irene Evans - Department of Biological Sciences, RITWarren Hammond, BS Candidate - Biology, RITDr. Paul Rosenberg - Department of Chemistry, RITDr. Andreas Langnar - Department of Material Science, RITMay 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science32

ResourcesK Shiloh et al. “Characterization of High Frequency focused Ultrasonic Transducers using Modulation Transfer Function:Concept and Experimental Approach,”1991 IEE Proceedings-A, 138(4), pp. 205-212.JJ Rownd et al. “Phantoms and Automated System for Testing the Resolution on Ultrasound Scanners,” Ultrasound in Med.& Bio., 23(2), pp. 245-260, 1997.D Phillips and KJ Parker. “A New Thin Film Phantom for Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Doppler Imaging Systems,”1995 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, 2, pp. 1357-1360.Maria Helguera, et al. “Fabrication of thin film resolution targets for ultrasound imaging,” project proposal, pp. 2-3.Xuijun Tan and Bir Bhanu. “A robust two step approach for fingerprint identification,” 2003 The Journal of the PatternRecognition Society Letters, 24, pp. 2127-2134.Arun Ross, Anil Jain and James Reisman. “A hybrid fingerprint matcher,” 2003 The Journal of the Pattern RecognitionSociety, 36, pp. 1661-1673.,Yuliang He, et. al. “Image enhancement and minutiae matching in fingerprint verification,” 2003 The Journal of the PatternRecognition Society Letters, 24, 1349-1360.Reza Derakhshani, et. al. “Determination of vitality from a non-invasive biomedical measurement for use in fingerprintscanners,” 2003The Journal of the Pattern Recognition Society, 36, pp. 383-396May 5, 2004Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science33

Dr. Maria Helguera - Center for Imaging Science, RIT Dr. Navalgund Rao - Center for Imaging Science, RIT Raj Pai Panandikar, PhD Candidate – Imaging Science, RIT Dr. Dan Phillips - Electrical Engineering, RIT Dr. Lynn Fuller - Microelectronic Engineering, RIT Steve Bros

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