The Art Behind The Attraction Of Wineries

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The Art Behind the Attraction of Wineries:A Look at Napa Valley, CAA Senior ProjectPresented to the Faculty ofthe Landscape Architecture Program atthe University of California, Davisin Fulfillment of the Requirement for aBachelor of Science Degree inLandscape ArchitecturePresented by Carly Brennanat the University of California, Davison the 12th of June, 2009Accepted and Approved By:Mark Francis, Faculty Senior Project AdvisorMary Brennan, Senior Project Committee MemberJames Lapsley, Senior Project Committee MemberJeff Loux, Senior Project Faculty Committee Member

AbstractThe Napa Valley is a beautiful valley located in northern California. It is full of vineyards andwine culture. People travel from all over the state, country, and even the world to visit theNapa Valley and experience its wine country. When people think of the Napa Valley, imagesof vineyards and traditional Italian architecture may come to mind. Unbeknownst to manypeople, the Napa Valley contains a melting pot of architectural styles, which fill the landscapewith character and history.My senior project provides a little history about the Napa Valley, and discusses thearchitecture, characteristics, and overall information about eight different wineries withinthe Napa Valley. These eight wineries have particularly original architectural styles as well asinteresting histories to compliment their originality. My project points out the characteristicsabout each winery that make it appealing to visitors, and the ultimate result is designguidelines as well as a rendered illustrative plan for a hypothetical winery in Livermore, CA.I conducted site visits to all of the wineries included in my project, as well as used books, theinternet, and the help of my committee members to complete this project.

BiographyI was born in Busan, South Korea. My oldersister and I were adopted and moved to theUnited States when we were two and a halfyears old and 18 months old, respectively.When I was a child, my family moved a lot. Westarted out in Los Angeles, moved to the SanFrancisco Bay Area, then up to Oregon, acrossthe United States to Connecticut, and finallyback to a few different cities within the S.F.Bay Area. With every move we acquired tonsof moving boxes, which I loved to use to make forts and houses. With those boxes, anythingI could dream or imagine could become reality. I soon realized my passion for design andarchitecture. In Connecticut, my sisters, the neighbor kids, and I would spend countless hoursoutside in the woods creating forts, going on adventures, and playing games. Combine my lovefor design and architecture with my genuine passion for the outdoors, and it is easy to see howI came to be in the major of Landscape Architecture.My senior project is about the Napa Valley because I enjoy wine and I enjoy the entireexperience of visiting wineries. There is an art and a history to winemaking, and the more timeI spend visiting wineries, the more I have grown to realize that every winery has a passion forwinemaking. Knowing what went into creating the very wine I am drinking makes it even moreenjoyable.I took my passions for design and wine and came up with my senior project.ii

DedicationMy senior project is dedicated to my parents for the their unfaltering love and supportthroughout my college career, and more importantly, throughout my life. They funded both ofmy trips to Italy, which is when my passion for wine and wine countries began. In addition, myparents allowed me to have my first underage sip of alcohol, which was wine from my very ownwine glass. I ended up breaking the glass, but the wine tasting was an interesting experiencethat would change my life forever, and ultimately put me on course for this senior project yearslater.Thank you, Mom and Dad. I love you so much.My Parents and Me Wine Tastingiii

AcknowledgementsThank you very much to my committee members. I appreciate your support, feedback andencouragement, and especially the time that you put aside for me. Thank you for helping mecomplete this project.Mary BrennanMother and Fellow Wine EnthusiastDocument Editing and Site Visit SupportJames Lapsley, Ph.D.Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Viticulture and EnologyChair, Dept of Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources UC Davis ExtensionJeff Loux, Ph.D.Adjunct Assistant Professor, Landscape ArchitectureDirector, Land Use and Natural Resource Program, UC Davis ExtensionThanks also to my wonderful classmates and friends.You all made my years here at UC Davis memorable and fun.I will never forget the countless hours spent in studio with my fellow LDAers.Thanks for everything!iv

Table of nowlegmentsTable of ContentsProject ImagesiiiuuivvviNAPA VALLEY & SITE VISIT INFORMATION1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Introduction to the Napa ValleyThe Napa Valley Site Visit InformationArtesaBeringerCastello di AmorosaClos PegaseFrog’s LeapV. SattuiSt. SupérySterlingDESIGN GUIDELINES & DESIGN11.12.Winery Design GuidelinesHypothetical Winery Design & GraphicsGLOSSARYBIBLIOGRAPHYWINERIES INCLUDED IN PROJECTv258121620242832364042525354

Project ImagesFigure1.011.021.032.013.013.02- 3.133.144.014.02- 4.135.015.02- 5.145.155.165.176.016.02- 6.126.136.147.017.02- 7.127.137.147.158.018.02- 8.148.158.169.019.02- 9.119.12ImageMap of CaliforniaMap of the Napa Valley, CASign Welcoming Visitors to the Napa ValleyMap of Eight Wineries Included in Project from GoogleArtesa Wine Bottles- Image From Artesa WebsitePhotos of Artesa WineryTasting Terrace at ArtesaRhine House on the Beringer PropertyPhotos of Beringer WineryView From the CastlePhotos of Castello di Amorosa WineryRoman Cross-Vaulted CelingsInside the Castle WallsMoat Surrounding the CastleWine BottlesPhotos of Clos Pegase WineryView of Courtyard From Inside WineryBanquet Room in the CavesInside the “Farm House”Photos of Frog’s Leap WineryGrove Next to the Parking LotView of Chickens on the FarmPlanter in Place of a Water FeatureDeli Inside V. Sattui WineryPhotos of V. Sattui WineryV. Sattui WineryLarge Valley Oak TreeInteractive Area at St. SupéryPhotos of St. Supéry WineryView OutsideviPage 23334

Project ImagesFigure9.1310.0110.02- 12.1712.1812.1912.2012.2112.2212.23ImageView From Entry AreaView From the Aerial TramPhotos of Sterling WineryMap of Sterling VineyardsView Inside the WineryInteractive Area at St. SupéryArtesa Aerial PhotoBeringer Aerial PhotoClose Pegase Aerial PhotoCastello di Amorosa Aerial PhotoFrog’s Leap Aerial PhotoV. Sattui Aerial PhotoSt. Supéry Aerial PhotoSterling Aerial PhotoLarge Map of Livermore with the Site in ContextLivermore Winery DesignExample Images CollageAerial View of WineryTree-Lined DrivewayFront PerspectiveParking LotsWinery CourtyardCourtyard FurnitureBird’s Eye View From LeftBird’s Eye View From RightVineyardSolar FarmView From Inside CourtyardView of Bus Parking LotviiPage 050505050

1. Introduction to the Napa ValleyThe Napa Valley is located in northernCalifornia, just north of the San FranciscoBay Area, and stretches about 30 miles long.The valley is oriented in a general northsouth direction, with Highway 128, Highway29, and the St. Helena Highway runningthrough it. The Napa Valley has a longhistory of agriculture and wine growing,starting in the 1860’s (Elliot-Fisk). Thereare over 300 wineries that reside in theNapa Valley today (Lapsley). Many grow anduse their own grapes, while others purchasegrapes from other growers in the valley.The word “Napa” is derived fromthe language of the Native Wappo people,who are local to the region. “Napa” has1.01 Map of California. The green box showswhere the Napa Valley is located.come to mean “land of plenty” (Napa ValleyDestination Council). The Napa Valley isspecial because it is geologically different than other wine-growing regions. It is near the westedge of the tectonically active North American Plate, which, through compression, folding andfaulting, created the Coastal Ranges and valley. The valley contains marine sedimentary rocks,which got there through infilling of low basins, volcanism, sea-level fluctuations and changes inriver processes years ago. The Napa Valley filled up with alluvium containing a variety of rocktypes. The geology is complex, with different ages of formation and a high diversity in types ofsoils. The Carneros region in the the southern most part of the valley has old coastal deposits,whereas the mountains contain volcanic rocks. Incredibly, the hills surrounding the valley wereat once marine terraces, so they contain shells from approximately 250,000 years ago. Theresulting soils allow for incredibly deep roots, are well drained, and consist of gravelly loamand clay loam soil types perfect for dry-farming. Grape vines require minimal or no irrigation,making them ideal crops for the Napa Valley. Because the geology and geography is so different,there is no other region in the world like the Napa Valley. As a result, the grapes grown, andultimately, the wines made in the valley are unlike any others (Elliot-Fisk).2

Introduction to the Napa ValleyThe Napa Valley has notalways been a place of thrivingwineries though. In the late1800’s, the area boomed andthere were about 200 wineriesin existence. However, at thissame time, the valley wasdevastated by Phylloxeravastatix, a small invasive insectthat feeds on the roots of theVitis vinifera, the type of grapevine grown in the valley forcommerial wine production.1.02 Map of the Napa Valley, CAPhylloxera crippled hundredof wineries in existence in the valley at the time. In the early 1900’s, Frenchman Georges deLatour started importing phylloxera-resistant rootstocks into the valley by the millions, andwine production continued (Lapsley, 9).Cheryll Barron, author of the book, “Dreamers of the Valley of Plenty” describes theNapa Valley perfectly: “You go to Disneyland to wander in and out of other times and statesof mind for a few hours, an entertainment like going to the movies [.] But in the Napa Valleypeople live their fantasies day in, day out. To house his winery, each dreamer has built oracquired his own monument to his fantasy-made-real-- in a style that is generally an import,because Napa is part of an America relatively starved of evocative connections to a pastand culture all its own” (Barron, 15). The Napa Valley can be described as a melting pot ofarchitectural styles and characteristics. Wineries have origins from not only the United States,but from countries all over the world. The wine industry in the calley evolved over time, andnewer wineries are faced with options of staying true to tradition, or coming up with theirown individual and original designs. With this being said, wineries also want to differentiatethemselves. In addition, wineries want to reflect who they are, and what their philosophy is.Many older wineries and wineries that settled on sites with older buildings are also faced withchallenges in regards to how to expand the winery without taking away from historical aspectsor without completely changing the winery. Historic preservation is definitely an important3

Introduction to the Napa Valley1.03Sign Welcoming Visitors to the Napa Valley1.04 View of the Napa Valley from Sterling Vineyards4idea to keep in mind whenexpanding a winery.What really sets theNapa Valley apart from otherwinemaking regions is that it hasa very strong sense of “place.”Long-term field experiments havebeen conducted on wine varietalsgrown in different sites, resultingin the birth of trellis systems andgeneral farming practices in thearea. The cumulative knowledgeof viticulturalists and winemakersfrom over 150 years experiencein the valley really gives the valleya sense of place and culture. Itis a unique winegrowing region,as there is no same combinationof knowledge and geographyanywhere else. And knowledgeleads to premium wines (ElliotFisk).

2. The Napa Valley Site Visit InformationThe Napa Valley is known to some as the “Tuscany of California.” This can be interpreted inmany ways, but the way I see the Napa Valley as being similar is only in the mutual love for allthings wine. Most Tuscan wineries have the same architectural styles, resulting in the wineriesall looking very similar. However, in California, and especially in the Napa Valley, there is nomold to wineries. This has resulted in a diversity of architectural styles. I conducted site visitsin order to pin point what these architectural styles are as well as discover other characteristicsand aspects of different wineries in Napa Valley. There are over 300 wineries located in theNapa Valley (Lapsley). In order to keep my project a reasonable size with the amount of timegiven, my committee members and I decided to narrow my visits down to eight wineries. Thesewineries were chosen because they have originality and are artistically designed, and manyhave interesting histories. The wineries I visited are:Artesa (formerly Codorníu Napa), 1991Beringer, 1876Castello di Amorosa, 1993Clos Pegase, 1955Frog’s Leap, 1981V. Sattui, 1885St. Supéry, 1970sSterling Vineyards, 1964During site visits, I set out to find out a variety of information. I took photos of thebuildings, any art or sculptures, site furnishings, landscapes and views, paving, gardens, andanything else I noticed that helped define a winery. I used the following prompts as guidelinesduring my site visits:1. Defining Characteristics and Historical Aspects of Each Winery2. Architectural Style: Entry, Signage, Building Placement, Building Scales, Site Furniture3. Views: Roadway, Outdoor Spaces, Parking, Gardens, Vineyard Placement, VineyardScale, Walkways/Pathways, Surrounding Nature4. Industrial Aspect: Winemaking5

The Napa Valley Site Visit Information2.01 Map of Eight Wineries Included in ProjectI conducted full-day site visits in Napa Valley on three different days. During the firstvisit, I conducted site visits at Clos Pegase, Sterling, Beringer, and St. Supéry. During my secondtrip to Napa Valley, I started out in the Carneros region, visiting Artesa first. I then drove up thevalley to Frog’s Leap. On my third trip, I visited Castello di Amorosa and V. Sattui. During thesethree trips to Napa Valley I was able to record all of my visual and experiential findings as wellas take tons of photos. I was able to speak with a few different people during some of my visits,which I will discuss further in my sections about each winery.Overall, the site visits were very helpful, as this is the only way to truly be able to recordexperiential findings as well as information about site furnishings and scale of buildings. As formost of the historical and detailed information about each winery, the respective websites ofeach website, as well as books, were very helpful.6

3. ArtesaThe Codorníu family that owns Artesa has along history of winemaking, beginning backin 1551 when they began making wine in SantSadurní d’Anoia, Spain, just west of Barcelona.Artesa Winery opened up in the Carnerosregion of the Napa Valley in 1991. It wasoriginally named Codorníu Napa, and startedout specializing in champagne. In 1997 thewinery started making still wines, at whichtime the Codorníu family decided to changethe name to “artesa,” which means “craftsman”in Catalan. It took two years and 30 millionto complete Artesa’s building, which is builtinto the hillside. Artesa is very much knownfor the modern architecture of its building.The Codorníu Group came to the Napa Valley3.01 Artesa Wine Bottlesand fell in love with the hills. They wantedto open a winery, but did not want to create a building that would take attention away fromthe surrounding scenery. This is how they came upon the idea of building their winery intothe hillside, and covering it with native grasses so that it would blend into the scenery of thevalley. Spanish progressive architect Domingo Triay designed the winery. The architecture is apyramidal, Mayan-like shape (Artesa).As visitors are driving up to Artesa, they can see the original architecture built into thehillside. It is subtle yet intriguing. Once one drives up the winding driveway into the parkinglot, arriving at the main entrance, the sculptures and art can be seen. The art is very modernand interpretive. Visitors can walk down a double staircase that has a raised planter in thecenter with water running down it in the same direction of the staircase. At the bottom of thestairs, there is a round fountain surrounded by scultpures by resident artist Gordon Heuther. Ifvisitors go up a different staircase, similar to the one just described, they will find themselvesat a large rectangular fountain. There is more artwork by Heuther in this area as well. The mainentrance to Artesa is simple and open, with amazing views of the valley behind visitors as theyapproach the entrance.The layout of the interior was a bit confusing as a first-time visitor. Many times winerieshave tasting rooms in obvious locations such as at the main entrance or within view as visitors8

ArtesaFigures 3.02- 3.07Front EntrySignFigures 3.08- 3.13Sculpture atMain EntranceSignageTrashReceptacleFountainin Frontof WineryChairs andTablesInner CourtyardSculpturein Frontof WineryFountainin Frontof WineryFurniture InsideArt by HuetherInside WineryPaving9

Artesaenter the winery. However thetasting room and terrace aredown an open hallway, past asmall gift shop area. Once I spenta bit of time wandering aroundthe winery, it became easy to findmy way around. Inside Artesa,visitors can find more modern artby Heuther. The tasting room issimplistic and minimalistic, whichfollows the views and passionsof Huether. Many of the sitefurnishings, interior furnishings,interior art, and winery sculptures3.14 Tasting Terrace at Artesaare also minimalistic. In addition,there is a small, open-roof courtyard inside the winery. This courtyard contains more seating,as well as a square, in-ground fountain surrounded by large concrete cylindrical pillars. Thereare planters in the water with large shrubs growing out of them. Visitors can grab some winein the tasting area and walk outside to the terrace where they will come across modern seatingand a beautiful view. They can also touch and see the native grasses that grow on the ecofriendly building. The paving used at Artesa both in the front and on the terrace is a simpleconcrete in different shades of gray with score lines running through them.The main theme of the winery is minimalism with simplistic art. This is supportedby the very modern stainless steel art and site furnishings. Everything is modern and veryinterpretive, even down to the layout and architecture of the building. This theme is whatdefines Artesa from other wineries.In conclusion, what makes the winery popular is its different architecture. It is modernyet visually friendly from afar. When visitors arrive at the winery and see it up-close, thatis when they are really able to see the very modern art and architecture. Since Artesa has aresident artist, the art inside the winery is always changing as Heuther creates and changes outhis artwork. What I enjoy about Artesa is the entertainment visitors get as they arrive at thewinery and discover all of the different art, water features, and interesting details that make upthe winery’s building. It is almost like an art discovery adventure.10

4. BeringerBeringer Vineyards was founded bybrothers Frederick and Jacob Beringerin 1876. It is the oldest continuallyoperating winery in the Napa Valley.The Beringer brothers, originally fromGermany, immigrated to the UnitedStates, and ultimately to California andthe Napa Valley. They found that thevolcanic soils of the Napa Valley wereideal for growing grapes comparableto those used to

The Art Behind the Attraction of Wineries: A Senior Project Presented to the Faculty of. the Landscape Architecture Program at the University of California, Davis. in Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Bachelor of Science Degree in. Landscape Architecture Presented by Carly Brennan. at the University of California, Davis on the 12th of June, 2009. Accepted and Approved By: _ Mark Francis .

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