DGA – Method In The Past And For The Future
DGA - Methodin the Past andfor the FutureIvanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGFrei verwendbar
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1970Doerenburg introduced the differentiation between electricaland thermal failure mode and introduced ratios for fault gaseswith similar solubility.1973Halstead developed the theoretical thermodynamic theory. The ratiosare temperature dependent. With increasing the hotspot the amountof gases increases in the order: methane-ethane-ethylene.1975The evaluation scheme of the modern Gas-in-Oil Analysis isdeveloped by Rogers, Mueller, Schliesing, Soldner (MSS).1995Development of In-Line MonitoringPage 3Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Different phenomena in oil take place like:dielectricthermalChange/Ageingdynamicchemical Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA Dissolved Gas Analysis)Page 4Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
The measurement of dissolved gasesallow the knowledge on Type Complexity Seriousnessof eventPage 5Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
SamplingPage 6Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Sampling Container Perfectly cleaned & Dried Free from dust & moisture Airtight Glass or Metal cans, syringesPage 7Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Protect sample from direct light Avoid moisture & dust contamination Use the sampling containers exclusivelyfor transformer oil samplingPage 8Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
1 Handwheel2 Sealing cap3 Safety chain4 Polyamid gasket5 Nut6 Drain valve7 Hose and screw connector8 Sampling bottle9 Overflow vesselPage 9Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
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Required information concerning oil sample(example)Requested analysis:ColourISO 2049AppearanceIEC 60422Neutralisation valueIEC 62021-1Breakdown voltageIEC 60156Water contentIEC 60814Loss factor at 50 HzIEC 60247Interfacial tensionISO 6295PCB-contentEN 12766-2Furananalysis (DGA)IEC 61198Gas-in-oil-analysisIEC 60567Please fill in the following data:Manufacturer:FTNR (Manufacturing No.):Customer:WNR (Order No.):Location:Sample No.:Year of manufacture:Date sample taken.:Type:Type of oilPower:Quantity of oil:Rating:Oil temperature in the sample taken:Sample taken from:Oil sample valveOil drainage deviceA 22/31/40 DIN 42 rOLTCBushingOLTCOLTC tankBushingOthers:Reason for sample taking:Date of operation fault:Date of repair :Date of oil treatment/reclaimingRoutine checkup:Further informations and previous history:Sample taker:DateLab information:Page 11Consecutive no.:Date sample received:Date sample analysed:Type of sample container:Name in block lettersCompany/ DepartmentPhonespecial features:Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Extraction of Gasesfrom the OilPage 12Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGA. Toepler PumpPage 13Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGA. Partial DegassingPage 14Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGA. Headspace at Ambient TemperaturePage 15Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGA. Headspace at 70 CPage 16Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Gaschromatographic AnalysisPage 17Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Gaschromatographic AnalysisSampleinjectionCarrierGasPage 18DetectorDetectorgasIvanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Failures which can be identified by DGA Partial discharges Electrical discharges Charcoal coating of contacts Accelerated cellulosic degradation Local overheating Untightness of OLTC tank Catalytic reactions of materials Additional information from BHR gasPage 19Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Failures which can not be identified by DGA Incipient Failures Long lasting temperatures 150 CPage 20Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Interpretation SchemesPage 21Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Duvals TrianglePage 22Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
PatternsElectrical DischargesThermal ProblemPartial 04040303030202020101010000COPage 23H2CH4C2H6C2H4C2H2COH2CH4C2H6C2H4Ivanka Atanasova-HöhleinC2H2COH2CH4C2H6C2H4C2H2 Siemens AGSiemens Energy
MSS SchemeRatio ranges 0.30.3 to 1.01.0 to 3.03.0 to 10.0 10.0DiagnosisNormal ageing of insultansDischarge of high energyDischarge of low energyPartial discharge with high energyPartial discharge with low energyLocal overheating up to 300 ºCLocal overheating from 300 ºC to 1000 ºCLocal overheating over 1000 ºCLocal overheating and dischargeLocal overheating and partial discharge[C2H2][C2H6]011220221100110n.i. not indicativePage 24Ivanka Atanasova-HöhleinRatio 13313Number 2[CO2][CO]111020110022222 Siemens AGSiemens Energy
IEC SchemePage 25Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
In case of quotient information it must be clear, that quotientsare only representative, if following values of the fault gases(in ppm) are exceeded:Page 26C2H2 1H2 15 [CXHY] x 1;2;3 50CO 80CO2 200Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGAExample – thermal ProblemMSS-Code00120Fault neC3H64824Carbon monoxideCO253Carbon dioxideCO21903OxygenO218222NitrogenN261662Page 27Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
MSS-Code00120Fault 1012Carbon monoxideCO1047Carbon dioxideCO26158OxygenO211805NitrogenN258084Page 28Manufacturing year 1970360 MVACarbon deposits on PLTC Contacts537Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Gas-in-Oil AnalysisTurn-to-Turn FailureMSS-Code21121Fault neC3H61320Carbon monoxideCO1196Carbon dioxideCO22431OxygenO26743NitrogenN244120Page 29Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGAThermal Problem with Partial DischargesMSS-Code00101Fault yleneC2H42187AcetyleneC2H24Carbon monoxideCarbon dioxideCOCO2Page 30Manufacturing year 1991234 MVA, 330 kVDefective welding joint450995Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGACatalytical EffectsMSS-Code?3?0Fault gasppmHydrogenH2MethaneCH4EthaneC2H6 1EthyleneC2H4 1AcetyleneC2H2 1PropaneC3H8 1PropyleneC3H6 1Carbon monoxideCO67Carbon dioxideCO2222OxygenO25180NitrogenN223700Page 31Manufacturing year 1977Closed typeColor 0,5 / Acidity 0,014881Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGAUntight OLTCMSS-Code22122Fault on monoxideCO143Carbon dioxideCO21920OxygenO224600NitrogenN252000Page 32128Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
DGADiagnostic Importance in ServicePage 33RatiosGasincreaseratesAbsoluteValuesTrendIvanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Absolute ValuesIEC 60599 (VDE 0370-7)C2H2All transformersNo OLTC2 20CommunicatingOLTC60 280Page 34H2CH4C2H4C2H6COCO250 15030 13060 28020 90400 6002800 14000Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Ratiosa) Eliminates the effect of the oil volumeb) Eliminates some effects of samplingc) Especially interesting is the ratio formation for faultgases which exhibit similar solubilities, but theirdevelopment is temperature dependent –e. g. the thermodynamic considerations of Halstead.Page 35Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Thermodynamcal considerations of HalsteadPage 36Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Gas Increase Rates –information on seriousness of failureC2H2All0,01transformersH2CH4C2H4 C2H6COCO20,360,330,402,9270,25 90% gas increase source: Cigre TF11 in ppm/dayGas increase rates are temperature and volume dependentPage 37Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Trend AnalysisDevelopment of the Fault Gases After Two Months of On-Line Monitoring6001005008070400ppm CO26030050402003020100ppm H2, CO,CH4, C2H4, C2H6, top oil ( C)90Carbon DioxideHydrogenMethaneCarbon MonoxideEthaneEthylenetop oil temp 0809.9.08Sampling datePage 38Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Trend Analysis4063554top oil ( C)25203152406Ratio C 2H4/C2H6, CH4/H230101355530top oil ( C)20315201.7.08Ratio C 2H4/C2H6, CH4/H242511.7.0821.7.08Top oil Temperature ( C)31.7.0810.8.0820.8.0830.8.0809.9.08Sampling dateC2H4/C2H6CH4/H210 Trendanalysis is important not only with absolute values,but also with the 830.8.0809.9.08Sampling datePage 39Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens EnergyTopC2CH
On-Line Monitoring Early failure recognition Diagnosis is only possible with the sofisticated types – where IECratios can be builtCigre TF 15 DGA did a comparison between On-Line monitoringsystems and Off-Line analyses. The brochure is on the way.Evaluated are: Precision Longterm stability RepeatabilityIn case of Routine concentrations, d.h. 5 * Detection Limit Low Concentrations, d. h. 2-5*Detection LimitPage 40Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Recommendation of Cigre A2.27for On-LineMonitoring Necessary in case a problem has been identified Often, however, difficult to maintain Interfaces can lead to problems Able to deliver important informationin a short time Does not automatically lead to higher reliabilityPage 41Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
What can be measured on-line: Temperature Current, Voltage OLTC Oil level Gas-in-Öl Analysis Humidity in oil Bushings Acoustic Signals Magnetic Circuit CoolersPage 42Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
More Data does not mean automaticallymore InformationData Explosion1) (Total Exabytes)20015010050020022003200420051) Exa 1016 10 Mil of BillionsPage 43Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein20062007 Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Transformer Failure Rate Failure rateFailure atComissioningFailure becauseof agingConstant failure ratePage 44Ivanka Atanasova-HöhleinAging / years Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Future Developments Further development of the On-Line analysiswith decision criteria Gas-in-oil analysis in OLTC Gas-in-oil analysis in alternative insulation fluidsand high temperature insulating materialsPage 45Ivanka Atanasova-Höhlein Siemens AGSiemens Energy
Thank youfor your attention! Siemens AG
Appearance IEC 60422 Neutralisation value IEC 62021-1 Breakdown voltage IEC 60156 Water content IEC 60814 Loss factor at 50 Hz IEC 60247 Interfacial tension ISO 6295 PCB-content EN 12766-2 Furananalysis (DGA) IEC 61198 Gas-in-oil-analysis IEC 60567 Please fill in the following data: Manufacturer: FTNR (Manufacturing No.): Customer: WNR (Order No.):
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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fat, saturated fat and cholesterol" were part of the 1980 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), and in 1985, recommendations were added to "use skim or low-fat milk or milk products" to help meet this DGA guidance (2, 3). . more aggressive regarding saturated fat recommendations than the DGA. In 2006 the American Heart Association
