Unit 3 Lesson 10: Separating Mixtures

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HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES Has components spread unevenlythroughout the mixture.Is not uniform Prefix Hetero – Means DifferentThe parts in the mixture can be separatedfrom one another

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE When all parts of a mixture have thesame amount of each ingredientIs uniform The parts in the mixturecan not be separated Prefix Homo – MeansSame/identical

HETEROGENEOUS?HOMOGENEOUS?

OBJECTIVES Students will be able to Interpret diagrams with examplesof these methods of forming andseparating mixtures. Explain how mixtures can beseparated by physical methods,such as mixing, magneticattraction, evaporation, filtration,distillation, chromatography, andsettling.

MIXTURES CHALLENGE Put the pictures (on the next page) in the boxwhere they correctly belong. You have to use your knowledge of compound,element and mixture in order to correctly placethe picture!

ElementsMixturesCompounds

HOW WOULD YOU SEPARATE A SANDAND IRON FILINGS MIXTURE?SEPARATING A MIXTURE WITH A MAGNET Some metals (iron, nickeland cobalt) can beseparated from a mixturesby using a magnet. The metal is attracted tothe magnet and getspulled out!Review Check:What type of mixture is the sand andiron filiing?Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

HOW WOULD YOU SEPARATE GLITTERAND WATER?SEPARATING A MIXTURE WITH A FILTER You could separate the glitterand water with a filter! You could also let the glitterfloat to the top and skim themof f the water with a spoon. Filtering is one method ofphysically separatingsubstances without a chemicalreaction.Review Check:What type of mixture is sand andwater?Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

HOW COULD YOU SEPARATE A MIXTUREOF SALT WATER?Separating a Mixture by Evaporation Evaporating the water out ofmixture will leave all otherparticles behind. In a mixture of salt and water,you could separate the mixtureby evaporating the water outand the salt will be left!Review Check:What type of mixture is salt water?Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

WHAT IS DISTILLATION? Distillation:physically separating asolution of a solid andliquid by boiling off theliquid.How could this process behelpful?Saltwater can be distilled,resulting in pure water and salt(separated). This way youcould have clean, drinkablewater!

SEPARATING BY DISTILLATION Distillation can be used toseparate crude oil into itscomponent par ts, likegasoline, kerosene anddiesel. Distillation can beused to separate otherliquids like water andrubbing alcohol. Dif ferent liquids have dif ferentdegrees of volatility (tendencyto evaporate at a giventemperature). Each liquid would evaporate ata dif ferent temperature. Example: rubbing alcohol boilsat 82 C and water boils at100 C

MORE WAYS TO SEPARATE MIXTURESDensity How would youseparate sawdust andsand? Put the mixture intowater and the sawdustwill float to the top andthe sand will sink to thebottom. Most dense sinks, lessdense floats!

Chromatography It is the separation ofsubstances in a mixture bydif ferences in their attraction toa substance over which they arepassed. How does it work? A mixture of pigments are placeon filter paper. The end of the filter paper isplace in a solvent like alcohol. As the solvent moves up thepaper and hits the pigment itseparates each pigment (color).

PRACTICE! How would you separate the following mixtures?A Salad:Pepper and Water:Iron Filings and Salt:

PRACTICE! How would you separate the following mixtures?A black Marker:Sand and Salt:

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separating mixtures. Explain how mixtures can be separated by physical methods, such as mixing, magnetic attraction, evaporation, filtration, distillation, chromatography, and settling. MIXTURES CHALLENGE Put the pictures (on the next page) in the box