ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULED No. 11-1355 IN THE
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 1 of 116ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULEDNo. 11-1355IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSFOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUITVERIZON,Appellant,v.FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION,Appellee.ON APPEAL FROM AN ORDER OF THEFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONJOINT BRIEF FOR VERIZON AND METROPCSWalter E. DellingerBrianne GorodAnton MetlitskyO’MELVENY & MYERS LLP1625 Eye Street, NWWashington, DC 20006TEL: (202) 383-5300Helgi C. Walker*Eve Klindera ReedWilliam S. ConsovoyBrett A. ShumateWILEY REIN LLP1776 K Street, NWWashington, DC 20006TEL: (202) 719-7000E-MAIL: hwalker@wileyrein.comAttorneys for VerizonDated: July 2, 2012*Counsel of RecordAdditional counsel listed on next page
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Michael E. GloverWilliam H. JohnsonVERIZON1320 North Courthouse Road9th FloorArlington, VA 22201TEL: (703) 351-3060Filed: 07/02/2012Page 2 of 116Samir C. JainWILMER CUTLER PICKERINGHALE AND DORR LLP1875 Pennsylvania Ave., NWWashington, DC 20006TEL: (202) 663-6083Attorneys for VerizonStephen B. Kinnaird*PAUL, HASTINGS, JANOFSKY& WALKER LLP875 15th Street, NWWashington, DC 20005TEL: (202) 551-1842Mark A. StachiwGeneral Counsel, Secretary& Vice ChairmanMETROPCS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.2250 Lakeside Blvd.Richardson, TX 75082TEL: (214) 570-4877Carl W. NorthropMichael LazarusAndrew MorentzTELECOMMUNICATIONS LAWPROFESSIONALS PLLC875 15th Street, NW, Suite 750Washington, DC 20005TEL: (202) 789-3120Attorneys for MetroPCSCommunications, Inc. and itsFCC-licensed affiliates*Counsel of Record
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 3 of 116CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASESThe undersigned attorneys of record, in accordance with D.C. Cir. R.28(a)(1), hereby certify as follows:A.Parties and AmiciThe principal parties in these consolidated cases are Appellant-PetitionerVerizon, Appellants-Petitioners MetroPCS Communications, Inc. and its FCClicensed affiliates (MetroPCS 700 MHz, LLC; MetroPCS AWS, LLC; MetroPCSCalifornia, LLC; MetroPCS Florida, LLC; MetroPCS Georgia, LLC; MetroPCSMassachusetts, LLC; MetroPCS Michigan, Inc.; MetroPCS Networks California,LLC; MetroPCS Networks Florida LLC; MetroPCS Texas, LLC; and MetroPCSWireless, Inc.) (collectively “MetroPCS”), Petitioner Free Press, AppelleeRespondent Federal Communications Commission, and Respondent United Statesof America.ITTA – The Independent Telephone and Telecommunications Alliance hasappeared as intervenor in support of Appellants-Petitioners. National Associationof Regulatory Utility Commissioners, National Association of State UtilityConsumer Advocates, Public Knowledge, Vonage Holdings Corporation, the OpenInternet Coalition, and CTIA – The Wireless Association have appeared asintervenors in support of Appellee-Respondents.i
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 4 of 116The Commonwealth of Virginia has appeared as amicus curiae in support ofAppellants-Petitioners.As set forth in the appendix to the ruling on review, the persons whoappeared before the agency in the proceedings below are:100 Black Men of America et al.2Wire, Inc.4G Americas, LLC4Info, Inc.ACT 1 Group et al.Adam Candeub and Daniel John McCartneyADTRAN, Inc.Adventia Innovative SystemsAfrican American Chamber of Commerce - MilwaukeeAfrican Methodist Episcopal ChurchAircell LLCAkamai Technologies, Inc.Alabama State Conference of the NAACPAlarm Industry Communications CommitteeAlcatel-LucentAllbritton Communications CompanyAlliance for Digital EqualityAlliance for Telecommunications Industry SolutionsAmazon.comAmerican Arab Chamber of CommerceAmerican Association of Independent MusicAmerican Association of People with DisabilitiesAmerican Business MediaAmerican Cable AssociationAmerican Center for Law and JusticeAmerican Civil Rights UnionAmerican Consumer Institute CCRAmerican Council of the BlindAmerican Federation of Television & Radio Artists, Directors Guild ofAmerica, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, ScreenActors GuildAmerican Homeowners Grassroots Allianceii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 5 of 116American Indian Chamber of Commerce of WisconsinAmerican Legislative Exchange CouncilAmerican Library Association, Association of Research Libraries,EDUCAUSEAmericans for ProsperityAmericans for Tax Reform and Media Freedom ProjectAmericans for Tax Reform Digital Liberty ProjectAmericans for Technology LeadershipAnnie McGradyAnti-Defamation LeagueAOL Inc.Arts LabsAsian American Justice CenterAssemblywoman Debbie SmithAssociation for Competitive TechnologyAssociation of Research LibrariesAssociation of Research Libraries, EDUCAUSE, Internet2, NYSERNet, andACUTAAT&T Inc.Automation AlleyBall State University Center for Information and Communications ScienceBarbara A. CherryBarbara S. EsbinBig Brothers Big Sisters of Will and Grundy CountiesBlack Leadership Forum, Inc.Bret Swanson, President, Entropy Economics LLCBright House Networks, LLCBroadband Institute of California and Broadband Regulatory ClinicBroadcast Music, Inc.BT Americas Inc.Cablevision Systems CorporationCalifornia Consumers for Net NeutralityCalifornia Public Utilities CommissionCamiant, Inc.Carbon Disclosure ProjectCareer Link Inc.Catherine Sandoval and Broadband Institute of CaliforniaCDMA Development Group, Inc.Center for Democracy & TechnologyCenter for Individual Freedomiii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 6 of 116Center for Media Justice, Consumers Union, Media Access Project, andNew AmericaCenter for Rural StrategiesCenter for Social MediaCentral Washington Hispanic Chamber of CommerceCenturyLinkChairman Kenneth D. Koehler, McHenry County BoardChamber of Commerce of St. Joseph CountyCharter CommunicationsChristopher S. YooChristopher SaccaCincinnati Bell Wireless LLCCisco Systems, Inc.City of PhiladelphiaClearwire CorporationCoalition of Minority ChambersColorOfChange.orgComcast CorporationCommunications Workers of AmericaCommunications Workers of America—District 2 in West VirginiaCommunications Workers of America—Local 3806Communications Workers of America—Local 4900Competitive Enterprise InstituteCOMPTELCompTIAComputer & Communications Industry AssociationComputer Communications Industry Association, Consumer ElectronicsAssociationComputing Technology Industry AssociationCONNECTConnecticut Association for United Spanish Action, Inc.Connecticut Technology CouncilConsumer Policy SolutionsCorning IncorporatedCorporation for National Research InitiativesCouncil of Baptist Pastors of Detroit & Vicinity, Inc.Covad Communications CompanyCox Communications, Inc.Craig Settles (Successful.com)CREDO Actioniv
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Cricket Communications, Inc.CTIA - The Wireless AssociationCWA Indiana State CouncilCWA Local 4900Damian KulashDaniel LyonsData Foundry, Inc.David Clark, William Lehr, and Steve BauerDavid D.F. Uran, Mayor, City of Crown Point, IndianaDeborah TurnerDebra BrownDerek LeebaertDickinson Area PartnershipDigital Education CoalitionDigital EntrepreneursDigital SocietyDISH Network L.L.C.Distributed Computing Industry AssociationDowntown Springfield, Inc.EarthLink, Inc.Eastern Kentucky’s Youth Association for the Arts, Inc.Economic Development Council of Livingston CountyEight Mile Boulevard AssociationEl CentroElectronic Frontier FoundationElgin Area ChamberElizabeth A. Dooley, Ed. D.Entertainment Software AssociationEricsson Inc.Erie Neighborhood HouseFiber-to-the-Home CouncilFree PressFrontier CommunicationsFuture of Music CoalitionFuture of Privacy ForumG. BaeslackGeneral Communication, Inc.Genesee Regional Chamber of CommerceGeorge OuGeorgetown/Scott County Kentucky Chamber of CommercevPage 7 of 116
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 8 of 116Georgia Minority Supplier Development CouncilGlobal Crossing North America, Inc.Global Intellectual Property CenterGoogle Inc.Great River Economic Development FoundationGreater Kokomo Economic Development AllianceGSM AssociationGVNW Consulting, Inc.Hamilton County AllianceHance HaneyHannah MillerHarris CorporationHB ClarkHispanic Leadership FundHispanic Technology and Telecommunications PartnershipHmong/American Friendship Association, Inc.Hughes Network Systems, LLCIllinois Hispanic Chamber of CommerceIndependent Creator OrganizationsIndependent Film & Television AllianceIndependent Telephone & Telecommunications AllianceIndiana Secretary of StateIndianapolis Urban LeagueInformation and Communications Manufacturers and Service ProvidersInformation Technology and Innovation FoundationInformation Technology Industry CouncilInstitute for Emerging Leaders, Inc.Institute for LibertyInstitute for Policy InnovationInstitute for Policy IntegrityIntellectual Property and Communications Law Program at Michigan StateUniversity College of LawInternational Documentary Association, Film Independent, and othersInternet Freedom CoalitionInternet Innovation AllianceInternet SocietyIntrado Inc. and Intrado Communications Inc.Ionary ConsultingJared MorrisJeanne K. Magill, Pabst Farms Development Inc.vi
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 9 of 116Joe Armstrong, Tennessee State RepresentativeJoe HomnickJohn PalfreyJohn Staurulakis, Inc.Johnson County Board of CommissionersJoint Center for Political and Economic StudiesJoliet Region Chamber of Commerce & IndustryKankakee County Farm BureauKaren Kerrigan, President & CEO, Small Business & EntrepreneurshipCouncilKaren MaplesKentucky Commission on the Deaf and Hard of HearingLabor Council for Latin American AdvancementLake Superior Community PartnershipLakewood Chamber of CommerceLatin American Chamber of Commerce of CharlotteLatin Chamber of Commerce of NevadaLatinos for Internet Freedom and Media Action Grassroots NetworkLatinos in Information Sciences & Technology AssociationLaurence Brett Glass, d/b/a LARIATLawerence E. Denney, Speaker of the House, State of IdahoLawrence County Economic Growth CouncilLawrence MorrowLeadership East KentuckyLeague of United Latin American CitizensLeap Wireless International, Inc. and Cricket Communications, Inc.Level 3 Communications LLCLinks Technology Solutions, Inc.Lisa Marie Hanlon, TelTech Communications LLCM3X Media, Inc.Mabuhay AllianceManeesh PangasaMary-Anne WolfMatthew J. CybulskiMayor Brad StephensMayor George Pabey, City of East Chicago, IndianaMayor Leon Rockingham, Jr.Mayor Rudolph Clay, Gary, IndianaMcAllen Solutionsvii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 10 of 116Media Action Grassroots Network, ColorOfChange.org, Presente.org,Applied Research Center, Afro-Netizen, National Association ofHispanic Journalists, Native Public Media, and Rural Broadband PolicyGroupMegaPath, Inc. and Covad Communications CompanyMessaging Anti-Abuse Working GroupMetroPCS Communications, Inc.Michele Hodges, Troy ChamberMicrosoft Corp.Mid-Atlantic Community Papers Association, on behalf of Association ofFree Community Papers, Community Papers of Michigan, FreeCommunity Papers of New York, Community Papers of Florida,Midwest Free Community Papers, Community Papers of Ohio and WestVirginia, Southeastern Advertising Publishers Association, WisconsinCommunity PapersMike RileyMinisterial Alliance Against the Digital DivideMississippi Center for Education InnovationMississippi Center for JusticeMLB Advanced Media, L.P.Mobile FutureMobile Internet Content CoalitionMotion Picture Association of America, Inc.Motorola, Inc.Nacional RecordsNate ZolmanNational Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleNational Association of ManufacturersNational Association of RealtorsNational Association of State Utility Consumer AdvocatesNational Association of Telecommunications Office & AdvisorsNational Black Chamber of CommerceNational Cable & Telecommunications AssociationNational Coalition on Black Civic ParticipationNational Council of La RazaNational Emergency Number AssociationNational Exchange Carrier Association, Inc.National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc., National TelecommunicationsCooperative Association, Organization for the Promotion &viii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 11 of 116Advancement of Small Telecommunication Companies, Eastern RuralTelecom Association, Western Telecommunications AllianceNational Farmers UnionNational Foundation for Women Legislators High Speed Internet CaucusNational Hispanic Caucus of State LegislatorsNational Hispanic Media CoalitionNational Medical AssociationNational Organization of Black Elected Legislative Women et al.National OrganizationsNational Rural Health AssociationNational Spinal Cord Injury AssociationNational Taxpayers UnionNational Telecommunications Cooperative AssociationNational Urban LeagueNetflix, Inc.Network 2010New America FoundationNew Jersey Rate CounselNew York State Office of Chief Information Officer/Office for Technology(CIO/OFT)Nicholas Bramble, Information Society Project at Yale Law SchoolNickolaus E. LeggettNippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationNokia Siemens Networks US LLCNorthern Nevada Black Cultural Awareness SocietyOffice of the Attorney General of VirginiaOffice of the Mayor, City of PeruOlder Adults Technology Services, Inc.Open Internet CoalitionOpen Media and Information Companies InitiativeOperation Action U.P.Oregon State GrangeOrganization for the Promotion & Advancement of SmallTelecommunication CompaniesPAETEC Holding Corp.Patricia DyePerforming Arts AlliancePhil Kerpen, Vice President, Americans for ProsperityProperty Rights AlliancePublic Interest Advocatesix
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Public Interest CommentersQUALCOMM IncorporatedQwest Communications International Inc.R. L. BarnesRainbow PUSH CoalitionRecording Industry Association of AmericaRed Hat, Inc.Rev. W.L.T. LittletonRichmond Chamber of CommerceRNK CommunicationsRobert K. McEwen d/b/a PowerView SystemsRobert Steele, Cook County CommissionerRural Cellular AssociationSafe Internet AllianceSaint Xavier UniversitySandvine Inc.Satellite Broadband CommentersSavetheInternet.comScott ClelandScott JordanSean KraftSean SowellSeth JohnsonShelby County Development CorporationSkype Communications S.A.R.L.Sling Media, Inc.Smartcomm, LLCSmithville Telephone CompanySoftware & Information Industry AssociationSongwriters Guild of AmericaSony Electronics Inc.Southern Company Services, Inc.Southern Wayne County Regional Chamber of CommerceSprint Nextel Corp.St. Louis Society for the Blind and Visually ImpairedStephen BeckSteve Forte, Chief Strategy Officer, Telerikstic.man of Dead PrezSureWest CommunicationsSusan JacobixPage 12 of 116
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 13 of 116TDS Telecommunications Corp.Tech Council of MarylandTechAmericaTelecom Italia, S.P.A.Telecom Manufacturer CoalitionTelecommunications Industry AssociationTeleDimensions, Inc.Telefonica S.A.Telephone Association of MaineTexas Office of Public Utility CounselTexas Public Policy FoundationTexas Statewide Telephone Cooperative, Inc.The Ad Hoc Telecommunications Users CommitteeThe Berroteran GroupThe Disability NetworkThe Free State FoundationThe Greater Centralia Chamber of Commerce & Tourism OfficeThe Greenlining InstituteThe Heartland InstituteThe Nebraska Rural Independent CompaniesThe Senior AllianceThomas C. Poorman, President, Zanesville-Muskingum County Chamber ofCommerceThomas D. Sydnor II, Senior Fellow and Director, Center for the Study ofDigital Property at the Progress & Freedom FoundationThomas Richard Reinsel, Executive in Residence, Sewickley Oak CapitalThomas W. HazlettTim WuTime Warner Cable Inc.T-Mobile USA, Inc.tw telecom inc.U.S. Chamber of CommerceUnion Square VenturesUnited Service Organizations of IllinoisUnited States Hispanic Chamber of CommerceUnited States Telecom AssociationUNITY: Journalists of Color, Inc.Upper Peninsula Economic Development AllianceUpper Peninsula Health PlanUrban League of Metropolitan Seattlexi
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 14 of 116Various Advocates for the Open InternetVerizon and Verizon WirelessVia Christi Health System eCare-ICUVillage of MaywoodVincent Watts of the Greater Stark County Urban LeagueVoice on the Net CoalitionVonage Holdings Corp.Voto LatinoWashington State GrangeWayne Brough, James Gattuso, Hance Haney, Ryan Radia, and JamesLakelyWindstream Communications, Inc.Winston-Salem Urban LeagueWireless Communications Association International, Inc.Wireless Internet Service Providers AssociationWorld Institute on Disability et al.Writers Guild of America, East AFL-CIOWriters Guild of America, West, Inc.XO Communications, LLCYWCA of St. Joseph CountyB.Ruling Under ReviewVerizon and MetroPCS appeal the final order of the FederalCommunications Commission captioned In re Preserving the Open Internet;Broadband Industry Practices, Report and Order, Docket Nos. 09-191, 07-52, 25F.C.C.R. 17905 (rel. Dec. 23, 2010), 76 Fed. Reg. 59192 (Sept. 23, 2011) (JA ).C.Related CasesThis case has been consolidated with Case Nos. 11-1356, 11-1403, 11-1404,and 11-1411.This case is related to Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless v. FCC,Nos. 11-1135 & 11-1136 (D.C. Cir.), in that both cases involve substantially thexii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 15 of 116same parties and the similar legal issue of the Commission’s statutory authorityunder Section 706 and Title III of the Communications Act to regulate broadbandInternet access services and the extent to which such regulation constitutesprohibited common-carrier regulation under FCC v. Midwest Video Corp., 440U.S. 689 (1979).*By: /s/ Helgi C. WalkerHelgi C. WalkerWILEY REIN LLP1776 K Street, NWWashington, DC 20006TEL: (202) 719-7000By: /s/ Stephen B. KinnairdStephen B. KinnairdPAUL, HASTINGS, JANOFSKY & WALKER LLP875 15th Street, NWWashington, DC 20006TEL: (202) 551-1700*MetroPCS does not agree that Cellco Partnership is a related case. SeeMetroPCS Docketing Statement, No. 11-1403 (D.C. Cir. filed Nov. 29, 2011).xiii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 16 of 116CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENTSPursuant to Rule 26.1 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and Rule26.1 of this Court, Verizon and MetroPCS hereby submit the following corporatedisclosure statements:The Verizon companies participating in this filing are Cellco Partnership,d/b/a Verizon Wireless, and the regulated, wholly-owned subsidiaries of VerizonCommunications Inc. Cellco Partnership, a general partnership formed under thelaw of the State of Delaware, is a joint venture of Verizon Communications Inc.and Vodafone Group Plc. Verizon Communications Inc. and Vodafone Group Plcindirectly hold 55 percent and 45 percent partnership interests, respectively, inCellco Partnership. Both Verizon Communications Inc. and Vodafone Group Plcare publicly-traded companies. Verizon Communications Inc. has no parentcompany. No publicly held company owns 10 percent or more of VerizonCommunications Inc.’s stock. Insofar as relevant to this litigation, Verizon’sgeneral nature and purpose is to provide communications services, includingbroadband Internet access services provided by its wholly-owned telephonecompany and Verizon Online LLC subsidiaries and by Verizon Wireless.MetroPCS Communications, Inc. is a publicly traded company organized toprovide wireless and data service to its customers. MetroPCS 700 Mhz, LLC;MetroPCS AWS, LLC; MetroPCS California, LLC; MetroPCS Florida, LLC;xiv
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 17 of 116MetroPCS Georgia, LLC; MetroPCS Massachusetts, LLC; MetroPCS Michigan,Inc.; MetroPCS Networks California, LLC; MetroPCS Networks Florida LLC; andMetroPCS Texas, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of MetroPCS Wireless, Inc.MetroPCS Wireless, Inc. is a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of MetroPCS, Inc.,which in turn is a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of MetroPCS Communications,Inc. MetroPCS Communications, Inc. has no parent corporation, and only onepublicly-traded company, BlackRock, Inc., through its subsidiary BlackRockInstitutional Trust Company, N.A., owns more than 10 percent of its stock.xv
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 18 of 116STATEMENT REGARDING DEFERRED APPENDIXThe parties have conferred and intend to use a deferred joint appendix.xvi
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 19 of 116TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGECERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASES .iCORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENTS . xivSTATEMENT REGARDING DEFERRED APPENDIX. xviTABLE OF AUTHORITIES . xviiiGLOSSARY. xxviJURISDICTIONAL STATEMENT .1STATEMENT OF ISSUES .1PERTINENT STATUTES.1PRELIMINARY STATEMENT .2STATEMENT OF FACTS .4SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .11STANDING .13ARGUMENT .13STANDARD OF REVIEW .13I.THE RULES DIRECTLY CONFLICT WITH THECOMMUNICATIONS ACT. .14II.THE FCC LACKS STATUTORY AUTHORITY FOR THE RULES .21III.THE ORDER VIOLATES THE FIRST AND FIFTHAMENDMENTS. .42IV.THE ORDER IS ARBITRARY AND CAPRICIOUS. .50CONCLUSION.53CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCESTATUTORY ADDENDUMCERTIFICATE OF SERVICExvii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 20 of 116TABLE OF AUTHORITIESPage(s)CASESACLU v. FCC,823 F.2d 1554 (D.C. Cir. 1987).14Allied-Signal, Inc. v. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,988 F.2d 146 (D.C. Cir. 1993).53American Library Ass’n v. FCC,406 F.3d 689 (D.C. Cir. 2005).13, 21, 24Associated Gas Distributors v. FERC,824 F.2d 981 (D.C. Cir. 1987).51Barnhart v. Sigmon Coal Co.,534 U.S. 438 (2002).21Bell Atlantic Telephone Cos. v. FCC,24 F.3d 1441 (D.C. Cir. 1994).42Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railroad Co. v. Surface TransportationBoard,403 F.3d 771 (D.C. Cir. 2005).52C-SPAN v. FCC,545 F.3d 1051 (D.C. Cir. 2008).14Cablevision Systems Corp. v. FCC,597 F.3d 1306 (D.C. Cir. 2010).48Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.,467 U.S. 837 (1984).24City of Ladue v. Gilleo,512 U.S. 43 (1994).48*Authorities upon which we chiefly rely are marked with asterisks.xviii
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 21 of 116Comcast Cablevision of Broward County, Inc. v. Broward County,124 F. Supp. 2d 685 (S.D. Fla. 2000) .44Comcast Corp. v. FCC,579 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2009).53*Comcast Corp. v. FCC,600 F.3d 642 (2010). 2, 5, 6, 18, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 53Community Television, Inc. v. FCC,216 F.3d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 2000).40Competitive Telecommunications Ass’n v. FCC,998 F.2d 1058 (D.C. Cir. 1993).20Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Building &Construction Trade Council,485 U.S. 568 (1988).42Environmentel, LLC v. FCC,661 F.3d 80 (D.C. Cir. 2011).39FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.,129 S. Ct. 1800 (2009).32, 52*FCC v. Midwest Video Corp.,440 U.S. 689 (1979). 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 53FCC v. NBC(KOA),319 U.S. 239 (1943).41FCC v. Sanders Brothers,309 U.S. 642 (1940).37, 39*FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.,529 U.S. 120 (2000).12, 22, 23, 24Fox Television Stations, Inc. v. FCC,280 F.3d 1027 (D.C. Cir. 2002). 51Gonzales v. Oregon,546 U.S. 243 (2006).23xix
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 22 of 116Horsehead Resources Development Co. v. Browner,16 F.3d 1246 (D.C. Cir. 1994).51Illinois Bell Telephone Co. v. Village of Itasca,503 F. Supp. 2d 928 (N.D. Ill. 2007).44Iowa Telecommunications Services v. Iowa Utilities Board,563 F.3d 743 (8th Cir. 2009) .18Lead Industries Ass’n v. EPA,647 F.2d 1130 (D.C. Cir. 1980).14Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.,458 U.S. 419 (1982).49Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, Inc.,476 U.S. 488 (1986).42MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. AT&T Co.,512 U.S. 218 (1994).15, 40MPAA v. FCC,309 F.3d 796 (D.C. Cir. 2002).13, 38, 39*NARUC v. FCC,525 F.2d 630 (D.C. Cir. 1976) .14, 20*NARUC v. FCC,533 F.2d 601 (D.C. Cir. 1976).13, 14, 20, 25National Fuel Gas Supply Corp. v. FERC,468 F.3d 831 (D.C. Cir. 2006).50, 52NBC v. United States,319 U.S. 190 (1943).37NCTA v. Brand X Internet Services, Inc.,545 U.S. 967 (2005).5, 15Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York,438 U.S. 104 (1978).49xx
USCA Case #11-1355Document #1381604Filed: 07/02/2012Page 23 of 116Qi-Zhuo v. Meissner,70 F.3d 136 (D.C. Cir. 1995).38Quincy Cable TV, Inc. v. FCC,768 F.2d 1434 (D.C. Cir. 1985).46Regents of University System v. Carroll,338 U.S. 586 (1950).39SEC v. Chenery Corp.,332 U.S. 194 (1947).22Time Warner Telecom, Inc. v. FCC,507 F.3d 205 (3d Cir. 2007) .4, 23Time Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC,56 F.3d 151 .47, 48Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC,512 U.S. 622 (1994).42, 43, 45, 46, 47Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC,520 U.S. 180 (1997).46, 47United States v. O’Brien,391 U.S. 367 (1968).45, 46United States v. Southwestern Cable Co.,392 U.S. 157 (1968).
CDMA Development Group, Inc. Center for Democracy & Technology Center for Individual Freedom USCA Case #11-1355 Document #1381604 Filed: 07/02/2012 Page 5 of 116. iv Center for Media Justice, Consumers Union, Media Access
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Anselm’s argument: stage 2 7 Descartes’ ontological argument 9 The two stages of the argument: a summary 11 Kant’s criticism of the ontological argument (first stage) 11 Kant’s criticism of the ontological argument (second stage) 16 The ontological argument revisited: Findlay and Malcolm 19 Karl Barth: a theological interpretation 25
1. Speech is Movement 2. Defi nition of Oral-Motor Therapy 3. Purpose of Oral-Motor Therapy 4. Primary Goal of Oral-Motor Therapy 5. Therapies which Incorporate Oral-Motor Techniques 6. Goals of Six Therapy Areas 7. General Goals of the Oral-Motor Program 8. Oral-Motor Therapy for Speech Is Not Feeding Therapy 9. Relationship Between Speech .
J. Constraint A is the Antigone Constraint. 3.1. The argument from SSR and Extraposition (Extr) 3.2. Another argument from obligatoriness2. 3.3. The argument from SOR and Extr. 3.4. Other arguments from Extr. 3.5. The argument from SOR and Equi. 3.6. The argument from SOR and NSR. 3.7. Conclusion. 4. The definition of the Antigone Constraint. 4.1
in Eudemian Ethics (EE) ii 1 has received relatively little attention.1 This paper reconstructs the function argument in the EE and documents some differences with the Nicomachean argument. In doing so, it defends three claims about the Eudemian function argument. First, Aristotle’s method in the argument is the method of division.
for general schemes, included in the Sub-Plans, benefiting Scheduled Caste individuals or Scheduled Caste households, along with others, the scheme cost shall be allocated and accounted for under Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan, in proportion to the Scheduled Caste beneficiaries covered or the actual amounts spent on Scheduled Castes;
