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More at rubyonrails.org: Overview Download Deploy Code Screencasts Documentation Ecosystem Community BlogGuides.rubyonrails.orgRuby on Rails Guides (v3.2.2)These are the new guides for Rails 3.2 based on v3.2.2. These guides are designed to make you immediately productivewith Rails, and to help you understand how all of the pieces fit together.The guides for Rails 2.3.x are available at http://guides.rubyonrails.org/v2.3.11/.Rails Guides are also available for the Kindle and Free Kindle Reading Apps for the iPad, iPhone, Mac, Android,etc. Download them from here.Guides marked with this icon are currently being worked on. While they might still be useful to you, they maycontain incomplete information and even errors. You can help by reviewing them and posting your comments andcorrections to the author.Start HereGetting Started with RailsEverything you need to know to install Rails and create your first application.ModelsRails Database MigrationsThis guide covers how you can use Active Record migrations to alter your database in a structured and organizedmanner.Active Record Validations and CallbacksThis guide covers how you can use Active Record validations and callbacks.Active Record AssociationsThis guide covers all the associations provided by Active Record.Active Record Query InterfaceThis guide covers the database query interface provided by Active Record.ViewsLayouts and Rendering in RailsThis guide covers the basic layout features of Action Controller and Action View, including rendering andredirecting, using content for blocks, and working with partials.Action View Form HelpersGuide to using built-in Form helpers.ControllersAction Controller OverviewThis guide covers how controllers work and how they fit into the request cycle in your application. It includessessions, filters, and cookies, data streaming, and dealing with exceptions raised by a request, among othertopics.Rails Routing from the Outside InThis guide covers the user-facing features of Rails routing. If you want to understand how to use routing in your

This guide covers the user-facing features of Rails routing. If you want to understand how to use routing in yourown Rails applications, start here.Digging DeeperActive Support Core ExtensionsThis guide documents the Ruby core extensions defined in Active Support.Rails Internationalization APIThis guide covers how to add internationalization to your applications. Your application will be able to translatecontent to different languages, change pluralization rules, use correct date formats for each country and so on.Action Mailer BasicsWork in progressThis guide describes how to use Action Mailer to send and receive emails.Testing Rails ApplicationsWork in progressThis is a rather comprehensive guide to doing both unit and functional tests in Rails. It covers everything from'What is a test?' to the testing APIs. Enjoy.Securing Rails ApplicationsThis guide describes common security problems in web applications and how to avoid them with Rails.Debugging Rails ApplicationsThis guide describes how to debug Rails applications. It covers the different ways of achieving this and how tounderstand what is happening "behind the scenes" of your code.Performance Testing Rails ApplicationsThis guide covers the various ways of performance testing a Ruby on Rails application.Configuring Rails ApplicationsThis guide covers the basic configuration settings for a Rails application.Rails Command Line Tools and Rake TasksThis guide covers the command line tools and rake tasks provided by Rails.Caching with RailsWork in progressVarious caching techniques provided by Rails.Asset PipelineThis guide documents the asset pipeline.The Rails Initialization ProcessWork in progressThis guide explains the internals of the Rails initialization process as of Rails 3.1Extending RailsThe Basics of Creating Rails PluginsWork in progressThis guide covers how to build a plugin to extend the functionality of Rails.Rails on Rack

This guide covers Rails integration with Rack and interfacing with other Rack components.Creating and Customizing Rails GeneratorsThis guide covers the process of adding a brand new generator to your extension or providing an alternative to anelement of a built-in Rails generator (such as providing alternative test stubs for the scaffold generator).Contributing to Ruby on RailsContributing to Ruby on RailsRails is not 'somebody else's framework.' This guide covers a variety of ways that you can get involved in theongoing development of Rails.API Documentation GuidelinesThis guide documents the Ruby on Rails API documentation guidelines.Ruby on Rails Guides GuidelinesThis guide documents the Ruby on Rails guides guidelines.Release NotesRuby on Rails 3.2 Release NotesRelease notes for Rails 3.2.Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release NotesRelease notes for Rails 3.1.Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release NotesRelease notes for Rails 3.0.Ruby on Rails 2.3 Release NotesRelease notes for Rails 2.3.Ruby on Rails 2.2 Release NotesRelease notes for Rails 2.2.FeedbackYou're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.If you see any typos or factual errors you are confident to patch, please clone docrails and push the change yourself.That branch of Rails has public write access. Commits are still reviewed, but that happens after you've submitted yourcontribution. docrails is cross-merged with master periodically.You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date. Please do add any missing documentation formaster. Check the Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines for style and conventions.If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please open an issue.And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails documentation is very welcome in therubyonrails-docs mailing list.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License"Rails", "Ruby on Rails", and the Rails logo are trademarks of David Heinemeier Hansson. All rights reserved.

More at rubyonrails.org: Overview Download Deploy Code Screencasts Documentation Ecosystem Community BlogGuides.rubyonrails.orgGetting Started with RailsThis guide covers getting up and running with Ruby on Rails. After reading it, you should be familiar with:Installing Rails, creating a new Rails application, and connecting your application to a databaseThe general layout of a Rails applicationThe basic principles of MVC (Model, View Controller) and RESTful designHow to quickly generate the starting pieces of a Rails applicationChapters1. Guide Assumptions2. What is Rails?The MVC ArchitectureThe Components of RailsREST3. Creating a New Rails ProjectInstalling RailsCreating the Blog ApplicationConfiguring a DatabaseCreating the Database4. Hello, Rails!Starting up the Web ServerSay “Hello”, RailsSetting the Application Home Page5. Getting Up and Running Quickly with Scaffolding6. Creating a ResourceRunning a MigrationAdding a LinkWorking with Posts in the BrowserThe ModelAdding Some ValidationUsing the ConsoleListing All PostsCustomizing the LayoutCreating New PostsShowing an Individual PostEditing PostsDestroying a Post7. Adding a Second ModelGenerating a ModelAssociating ModelsAdding a Route for CommentsGenerating a Controller8. RefactoringRendering Partial CollectionsRendering a Partial Form9. Deleting CommentsDeleting Associated Objects10. Security11. Building a Multi-Model Form12. View Helpers13. What’s Next?14. Configuration Gotchas

This Guide is based on Rails 3.1. Some of the code shown here will not work in earlier versions of Rails.1 Guide AssumptionsThis guide is designed for beginners who want to get started with a Rails application from scratch. It does not assumethat you have any prior experience with Rails. However, to get the most out of it, you need to have some prerequisitesinstalled:The Ruby language version 1.8.7 or higherNote that Ruby 1.8.7 p248 and p249 have marshaling bugs that crash Rails 3.0. Ruby Enterprise Edition have these fixedsince release 1.8.7-2010.02 though. On the 1.9 front, Ruby 1.9.1 is not usable because it outright segfaults on Rails 3.0,so if you want to use Rails 3 with 1.9.x jump on 1.9.2 for smooth sailing.The RubyGems packaging systemIf you want to learn more about RubyGems, please read the RubyGems User GuideA working installation of the SQLite3 DatabaseRails is a web application framework running on the Ruby programming language. If you have no prior experience withRuby, you will find a very steep learning curve diving straight into Rails. There are some good free resources on theinternet for learning Ruby, including:Mr. Neighborly’s Humble Little Ruby BookProgramming RubyWhy’s (Poignant) Guide to RubyAlso, the example code for this guide is available in the rails github:https://github.com/rails/rails repository inrails/railties/guides/code/getting started.2 What is Rails?This section goes into the background and philosophy of the Rails framework in detail. You can safely skip this sectionand come back to it at a later time. Section 3 starts you on the path to creating your first Rails application.Rails is a web application development framework written in the Ruby language. It is designed to make programmingweb applications easier by making assumptions about what every developer needs to get started. It allows you to writeless code while accomplishing more than many other languages and frameworks. Experienced Rails developers alsoreport that it makes web application development more fun.Rails is opinionated software. It makes the assumption that there is a “best” way to do things, and it’s designed toencourage that way – and in some cases to discourage alternatives. If you learn “The Rails Way” you’ll probablydiscover a tremendous increase in productivity. If you persist in bringing old habits from other languages to your Railsdevelopment, and trying to use patterns you learned elsewhere, you may have a less happy experience.The Rails philosophy includes several guiding principles:DRY – “Don’t Repeat Yourself” – suggests that writing the same code over and over again is a bad thing.Convention Over Configuration – means that Rails makes assumptions about what you want to do and how you’regoing to do it, rather than requiring you to specify every little thing through endless configuration files.REST is the best pattern for web applications – organizing your application around resources and standard HTTPverbs is the fastest way to go.2.1 The MVC ArchitectureAt the core of Rails is the Model, View, Controller architecture, usually just called MVC. MVC benefits include:Isolation of business logic from the user interfaceEase of keeping code DRYMaking it clear where different types of code belong for easier maintenance2.1.1 ModelsA model represents the information (data) of the application and the rules to manipulate that data. In the case of Rails,models are primarily used for managing the rules of interaction with a corresponding database table. In most cases,

models are primarily used for managing the rules of interaction with a corresponding database table. In most cases,each table in your database will correspond to one model in your application. The bulk of your application’s businesslogic will be concentrated in the models.2.1.2 ViewsViews represent the user interface of your application. In Rails, views are often HTML files with embedded Ruby codethat perform tasks related solely to the presentation of the data. Views handle the job of providing data to the webbrowser or other tool that is used to make requests from your application.2.1.3 ControllersControllers provide the “glue” between models and views. In Rails, controllers are responsible for processing theincoming requests from the web browser, interrogating the models for data, and passing that data on to the views forpresentation.2.2 The Components of RailsRails ships as many individual components. Each of these components are briefly explained below. If you are new toRails, as you read this section, don’t get hung up on the details of each component, as they will be explained in furtherdetail later. For instance, we will bring up Rack applications, but you don’t need to know anything about them tocontinue with this guide.Action PackAction ControllerAction DispatchAction ViewAction MailerActive ModelActive RecordActive ResourceActive SupportRailties2.2.1 Action PackAction Pack is a single gem that contains Action Controller, Action View and Action Dispatch. The “VC” part of “MVC”.2.2.1.1 Action ControllerAction Controller is the component that manages the controllers in a Rails application. The Action Controller frameworkprocesses incoming requests to a Rails application, extracts parameters, and dispatches them to the intended action.Services provided by Action Controller include session management, template rendering, and redirect management.2.2.1.2 Action ViewAction View manages the views of your Rails application. It can create both HTML and XML output by default. ActionView manages rendering templates, including nested and partial templates, and includes built-in AJAX support. Viewtemplates are covered in more detail in another guide called Layouts and Rendering.2.2.1.3 Action DispatchAction Dispatch handles routing of web requests and dispatches them as you want, either to your application or anyother Rack application. Rack applications are a more advanced topic and are covered in a separate guide called Rails onRack.2.2.2 Action MailerAction Mailer is a framework for building e-mail services. You can use Action Mailer to receive and process incomingemail and send simple plain text or complex multipart emails based on flexible templates.2.2.3 Active ModelActive Model provides a defined interface between the Action Pack gem services and Object Relationship Mapping gems

Active Model provides a defined interface between the Action Pack gem services and Object Relationship Mapping gemssuch as Active Record. Active Model allows Rails to utilize other ORM frameworks in place of Active Record if yourapplication needs this.2.2.4 Active RecordActive Record is the base for the models in a Rails application. It provides database independence, basic CRUDfunctionality, advanced finding capabilities, and the ability to relate models to one another, among other services.2.2.5 Active ResourceActive Resource provides a framework for managing the connection between business objects and RESTful web services.It implements a way to map web-based resources to local objects with CRUD semantics.2.2.6 Active SupportActive Support is an extensive collection of utility classes and standard Ruby library extensions that are used in Rails,both by the core code and by your applications.2.2.7 RailtiesRailties is the core Rails code that builds new Rails applications and glues the various frameworks and plugins togetherin any Rails application.2.3 RESTRest stands for Representational State Transfer and is the foundation of the RESTful architecture. This is generallyconsidered to be Roy Fielding’s doctoral thesis, Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based SoftwareArchitectures. While you can read through the thesis, REST in terms of Rails boils down to two main principles:Using resource identifiers such as URLs to represent resources.Transferring representations of the state of that resource between system components.For example, the following HTTP request:DELETE /photos/17would be understood to refer to a photo resource with the ID of 17, and to indicate a desired action – deleting thatresource. REST is a natural style for the architecture of web applications, and Rails hooks into this shielding you frommany of the RESTful complexities and browser quirks.If you’d like more details on REST as an architectural style, these resources are more approachable than Fielding’sthesis:A Brief Introduction to REST by Stefan TilkovAn Introduction to REST (video tutorial) by Joe GregorioRepresentational State Transfer article in WikipediaHow to GET a Cup of Coffee by Jim Webber, Savas Parastatidis & Ian Robinson3 Creating a New Rails ProjectThe best way to use this guide is to follow each step as it happens, no code or step needed to make this exampleapplication has been left out, so you can literally follow along step by step. You can get the complete code here.By following along with this guide, you’ll create a Rails project called blog, a (very) simple weblog. Before you can startbuilding the application, you need to make sure that you have Rails itself installed.The examples below use # and to denote terminal prompts. If you are using Windows, your prompt will looksomething like c:\source code 3.1 Installing RailsIn most cases, the easiest way to install Rails is to take advantage of RubyGems:Usually run this as the root user:

Usually run this as the root user:# gem install railsIf you’re working on Windows, you can quickly install Ruby and Rails with Rails Installer.To verify that you have everything installed correctly, you should be able to run the following: rails --versionIf it says something like “Rails 3.1.3” you are ready to continue.3.2 Creating the Blog ApplicationTo begin, open a terminal, navigate to a folder where you have rights to create files, and type: rails new blogThis will create a Rails application called Blog in a directory called blog.You can see all of the switches that the Rails application builder accepts by running rails new -h.After you create the blog application, switch to its folder to continue work directly in that application: cd blogThe ‘rails new blog’ command we ran above created a folder in your working directory called blog. The blog folder has anumber of auto-generated folders that make up the structure of a Rails application. Most of the work in this tutorial willhappen in the app/ folder, but here’s a basic rundown on the function of each of the files and folders that Rails createdby default:File/FolderPurposeapp/Contains the controllers, models, views and assets for your application. You’ll focus on this folder for theremainder of this guide.config/Configure your application’s runtime rules, routes, database, and more. This is covered in more detail inConfiguring Rails Applicationsconfig.ruRack configuration for Rack based servers used to start the application.db/Contains your current database schema, as well as the database migrations.doc/In-depth documentation for your application.GemfileThese files allow you to specify what gem dependencies are needed for your Rails application.Gemfile.locklib/Extended modules for your application.log/Application log files.public/The only folder seen to the world as-is. Contains the static files and compiled assets.RakefileThis file locates and loads tasks that can be run from the command line. The task definitions are definedthroughout the components of Rails. Rather than changing Rakefile, you should add your own tasks byadding files to the lib/tasks directory of your application.README.rdocThis is a brief instruction manual for your application. You should edit this file to tell others what yourapplication does, how to set it up, and so on.script/Contains the rails script that starts your app and can contain other scripts you use to deploy or run yourapplication.test/Unit tests, fixtures, and other test apparatus. These are covered in Testing Rails Applicationstmp/Temporary filesvendor/A place for all third-party code. In a typical Rails application, this includes Ruby Gems, the Rails sourcecode (if you optionally install it into your project) and plugins containing additional prepackagedfunctionality.3.3 Configuring a DatabaseJust about every Rails application will interact with a database. The database to use is specified in a configuration file,config/database.yml. If you open this file in a new Rails application, you’ll see a default database configured to useSQLite3. The file contains sections for three different environments in which Rails can run by default:

SQLite3. The file contains sections for three different environments in which Rails can run by default:The development environment is used on your development/local computer as you interact manually with theapplication.The test environment is used when running automated tests.The production environment is used when you deploy your application for the world to use.You don’t have to update the database configurations manually. If you look at the options of the application generator,you will see that one of the options is named —database. This option allows you to choose an adapter from a list of themost used relational databases. You can even run the generator repeatedly: cd . && rails new blog —database mysql. When you confirm the overwriting of the config/database.yml file, your application will beconfigured for MySQL instead of SQLite. Detailed examples of the common database connections are below.3.3.1 Configuring an SQLite3 DatabaseRails comes with built-in support for SQLite3, which is a lightweight serverless database application. While a busyproduction environment may overload SQLite, it works well for development and testing. Rails defaults to using anSQLite database when creating a new project, but you can always change it later.Here’s the section of the default configuration file (config/database.yml) with connection information for thedevelopment environment:development:adapter: sqlite3database: db/development.sqlite3pool: 5timeout: 5000In this guide we are using an SQLite3 database for data storage, because it is a zero configuration database that justworks. Rails also supports MySQL and PostgreSQL “out of the box”, and has plugins for many database systems. If youare using a database in a production environment Rails most likely has an adapter for it.3.3.2 Configuring a MySQL DatabaseIf you choose to use MySQL instead of the shipped SQLite3 database, your config/database.yml will look a littledifferent. Here’s the development section:development:adapter: mysql2encoding: utf8database: blog developmentpool: 5username: rootpassword:socket: /tmp/mysql.sockIf your development computer’s MySQL installation includes a root user with an empty password, this configurationshould work for you. Otherwise, change the username and password in the development section as appropriate.3.3.3 Configuring a PostgreSQL DatabaseIf you choose to use PostgreSQL, your config/database.yml will be customized to use PostgreSQL databases:development:adapter: postgresqlencoding: unicodedatabase: blog developmentpool: 5username: blogpassword:3.3.4 Configuring an SQLite3 Database for JRuby PlatformIf you choose to use SQLite3 and are using JRuby, your config/database.yml will look a little different. Here’s the

If you choose to use SQLite3 and are using JRuby, your config/database.yml will look a little different. Here’s thedevelopment section:development:adapter: jdbcsqlite3database: db/development.sqlite33.3.5 Configuring a MySQL Database for JRuby PlatformIf you choose to use MySQL and are using JRuby, your config/database.yml will look a little different. Here’s thedevelopment section:development:adapter: jdbcmysqldatabase: blog developmentusername: rootpassword:3.3.6 Configuring a PostgreSQL Database for JRuby PlatformFinally if you choose to use PostgreSQL and are using JRuby, your config/database.yml will look a little different.Here’s the development section:development:adapter: jdbcpostgresqlencoding: unicodedatabase: blog developmentusername: blogpassword:Change the username and password in the development section as appropriate.3.4 Creating the DatabaseNow that you have your database configured, it’s time to have Rails create an empty database for you. You can do thisby running a rake command: rake db:createThis will create your development and test SQLite3 databases inside the db/ folder.Rake is a general-purpose command-runner that Rails uses for many things. You can see the list of available rakecommands in your application by running rake -T.4 Hello, Rails!One of the traditional places to start with a new language is by getting some text up on screen quickly. To do this, youneed to get your Rails application server running.4.1 Starting up the Web ServerYou actually have a functional Rails application already. To see it, you need to start a web server on your developmentmachine. You can do this by running: rails serverCompiling CoffeeScript to JavaScript requires a JavaScript runtime and the absence of a runtime will give you an execjserror. Usually Mac OS X and Windows come with a JavaScript runtime installed. Rails adds the therubyracer gem toGemfile in a commented line for new apps and you can uncomment if you need it. therubyrhino is the recommendedruntime for JRuby users and is added by default to Gemfile in apps generated under JRuby. You can investigate about allthe supported runtimes at ExecJS.This will fire up an instance of the WEBrick web server by default (Rails can also use several other web servers). To seeyour application in action, open a browser window and navigate to http://localhost:3000. You should see Rails’ defaultinformation page:

information page:To stop the web server, hit Ctrl C in the terminal window where it’s running. Indevelopment mode, Rails does not generally require you to stop the server; changes youmake in files will be automatically picked up by the server.The “Welcome Aboard” page is the smoke test for a new Rails application: it makes sure that you have your softwareconfigured correctly enough to serve a page. You can also click on the About your application’s environment link to see asummary of your application’s environment.4.2 Say “Hello”, RailsTo get Rails saying “Hello”, you need to create at minimum a controller and a view. Fortunately, you can do that in asingle command. Enter this command in your terminal: rails generate controller home indexIf you get a command not found error when running this command, you need to explicitly pass Rails rails commands toRuby: ruby \path\to\your\application\script\rails generate controller home index.Rails will create several files for you, including app/views/home/index.html.erb. This is the template that will beused to display the results of the index action (method) in the home controller. Open this file in your text editor and editit to contain a single line of code: h1 Hello, Rails! /h1 4.3 Setting the Application Home PageNow that we have made the controller and view, we need to tell Rails when we want “Hello Rails!” to show up. In ourcase, we want it to show up when we navigate to the root URL of our site, http://localhost:3000, instead of the“Welcome Aboard” smoke test.The first step to doing this is to delete the default page from your application: rm public/index.htmlWe need to do this as Rails will deliver any static file in the public directory in preference to any dynamic content wegenerate from the controllers.Now, you have to tell Rails where your actual home page is located. Open the file config/routes.rb in your editor. Thisis your application’s routing file which holds entries in a special DSL (domain-specific language) that tells Rails how toconnect incoming requests to controllers and actions. This file contains many sample routes on commented lines, andone of them actually shows you how to connect the root of your site to a specific controller and action. Find the linebeginning with root :to and uncomment it. It should look something like the following:Blog::Application.routes.draw do#.# You can have the root of your site routed with "root"# just remember to delete public/index.html.root :to "home#index"The root :to "home#index" tells Rails to map the root action to the home controller’s index action.Now if you navigate to http://localhost:3000 in your browser, you’ll see Hello, Rails!.For more information about routing, refer to Rails Routing from the Outside In.5 Getting Up and Running Quickly with ScaffoldingRails scaffolding is a quick way to generate some of the major pieces of an application. If you want to create themodels, views, and controllers for a new resource in a single operation, scaffolding is the tool for the job.6 Creating a ResourceIn the case of the blog application, you can start by generating a scaffold for the Post resource: this will represent a

In the case of the blog application, you can start by generating a scaffold for the Post resource: this will represent asingle blog posting. To do this, enter this command in your terminal: rails generate scaffold Post name:string title:string content:textThe scaffold generator will build several files in your application, along with some folders, and edit config/routes.rb.Here’s a quick overview of what it creates:FilePurposedb/migrate/20100207214725 create posts.rbMigration to create the posts table in your database (your name willinclude a different timestamp)app/models/post.rbThe Post modeltest/unit/post test.rbUnit testing harness for the posts modeltest/fixtures/posts.ymlSample posts for use in testingconfig/routes.rbEdited to include routing information for postsapp/controllers/posts controller.rbThe Posts controllerapp/views/posts/index.html.erbA view to display an index of all postsapp/views/posts/edit.html.erbA view to edit an existing postapp/views/posts/show.html.erbA view to display a single postapp/views/posts/new.html.erbA view to create a new postapp/views/posts/ form.html.erbA partial to control the overall look and feel of the form used in edit andnew viewstest/functional/posts controller test.rbFunctional testing harness for the posts controllerapp/helpers/posts helper.rbHelper functions to be used from the post viewstest/unit/helpers/posts helper test.rbUnit testing harness for the posts Script for the posts cading style sheet for t

Contributing to Ruby on Rails Rails is not 'somebody else's framework.' This guide covers a variety of ways that you can get involved in the ongoing development of Rails. API Documentation Guidelines This guide documents the Ruby on Rails API documentation guidelines. Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines This guide documents the Ruby on Rails guides .

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