A Study On Customer Perceptions Towards Technological .
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 18 2018, 3251-3264ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issuehttp://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/A Study on customer perceptions towards Technological Developments inPublic Distribution Services [smart card] with Reference to Coimbatore11S. Rukshana Begum, 2S.ArchanaAssistant Professor,Department of B.COM CS& IT, VLB Janakiammal college of Arts andScience, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India2Assistant Professor,,Department of B.COM CS& IT, VLB Janakiammal college of Arts and Science,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India12ruksiferoz@gmail.com , archanaimmaculate@gmail.comABSTRACTThe Indian ration card provides food for the poor people which is distributed by the governmentalong with the fuel. It provides a distinct identity of person which is useful to update with thegovernment record. The basic food items provided by government are rice, sugar, wheat. RationCard is one of the most important document which acts as identity proof for any individual. Ifpeople are not having their own Ration card they can also apply for the same. The process toapply for ration card has been facilitated to great extent but now a day this process is onlinewhich comes as blessing for the applicants who hate standing for long time in queues for fillingthe application form and then go to the office again to know the status.Key Words : Smart Card, Public Distribution system.INTRODUCTION TO SMART CARDThe current Ration Allocation System is an offline one. Due to this, corruption is rampant.Dealers often falsify records for personal benefit. They also provide the ration items of the poorpeople at maximum rates which is not justified. There is a lack of transparency between thedealer and consumer. Due to this problem of dealer the poor people do not get the items as statedon their ration card. Moreover, there is no complaint system through which the consumer’sinterests can be protected. Using the Smart Ration Card Automation System, It is established by3251
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial Issuethe Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution andmanaged jointly with state governments in India. The traditional PDS is used to distributegrocery items to India's poor who are valid ration card holders.The validity and the allocation of the ration cards is monitored by the state governments. Aration card holder should be given 35 kg of food grain as per the norms of PDS. However, thereare concerns about the efficiency of the distribution process. In order to make it efficient andimprove the current system of PDS we are implementing SMART CARD [SMART RATIONCARD]. Stock availability contains the details about the stocks which are available to thecardholder. Stock price shows the price of the products and the amount cardholder has to pay forthe blocked products .By stock blocking we can block the commodities (rice, sugar, wheatetc).After blocking, a message will be generated to the cardholder mobile number as aconfirmation message. By showing the message to ration shopper the cardholder can able to buythe products.The network of the ration shops is spread all over in India to provide food security to the people.This distribution of food and fuel is fully controlled by the government. But it has so manylimitations. Most of the ration shopkeepers keep fake ration cards with them. Due to availabilityof all ration items these items are present with the ration shop dealer so he can falsify the recordsand use the items to sell in the market loosely. The dealer then does not provide these rationitems to the customers. Many a time’s people are not aware that the items have arrived in theshop. The dealer then sells these items in increased rates in the market. In this way, in the currentsituation we are facing problem due to lack in transparency. There is no such good system yetdeveloped through which government gets message of usage of grains by the people.Distribution system is one of the largest government’s economic policies in India. Its mainobjective is to provide food grains(sugar, wheat, rice, kerosene etc.) to the public at reasonablerates. The network of the ration shops is spread all over in India to provide food security to thepeople. This distribution of ration is controlled and monitored by central government, along withthe state government. But it has so many limitations. Most of the fair price shopkeepers holdfake ration cards with them. Due to which, the dealer receives the extra quantity from higherauthority and sells it into the open market. Most of the time people are not aware of the3252
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial Issueavailability of ration in ration shop. The dealer may sale ration at higher rates than recommendedby the government or he may do wrong entries in register.STATEMENT OF PROBLEMRation forgery is one of the most difficult challenges faced by the food distribution department.There may be chances where ration is delivered to the beneficiaries and false records are noteddown, regarding the delivery by commission agent. Ration Distributed (Food Distribution)system using RF ID based Smart Card along with bio metric authentication that is fingerprint ofRation Card holder. To develop a system which can customize the current offline ration systemand establish transparent the aged one who are lonely. Every time ration is collected by thefamily it is logged in to the Smart Card.The data logging system is connected with cloud tomaintain a centralized inventory across the nation.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTo study the socio demographic profile of the respondents.To find the factors influencing the customers preference towards smart card.To study about the customer satisfaction towards Smart card in public distributionservices.SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis Study provides active participation in Step towards Digital India.The aim of the Study is to developing a better, efficient ration card system using QRCode technology.Automation of distribution system at the ration shop as well as maintaining the databaseat one main control station and updating the database so that the shopkeeper does notcheat the poor people is what this project aims at achieving.REVIEW OF LITERATUREAkshadaGadhave,et,al (2018): we have developed automatic rationing system using RadioFrequency Identification (RFID) technique & ARM7 microcontroller to prevent the ration3253
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial Issueforgery as there are chances that the shopkeeper may sell the material to someone else and takethe profit and put some false amount in their records. In this system, a RFID tag is used thatcarries the family member details and the customer needs to show this tag to the RFID reader.The microcontroller connected to the reader will checks for the user authentication. If the user isfound authentic then the quantity of ration to be given to the customer according to the totalnumber of family members will be displayed on display device.AartiBhosalePratimaSabale, PushpakShinde,ShwetaBhor(2017): In this paper, informationabout smart ration card system using sensors,RFID,biometric and SMS gateways. This smartration card system is implemented to prevent ration forgery. In this,RFID card will contain thedetails of family members. Using the biometric the authentication will be provided to the userand he can take the ration as per his requirements. After that user will get information on mobilephone using SMS gateway.Chetan S. KandareVaishali R. Tribhuvan (2017): A Smart System and Application for rationcard contain Biometric and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). To preventing the rationforgery as there are chances that the shopkeeper my sell the material to someone else and takethe profit and put something false recodes in system. In smart ration system, RFID tag act asration card and all details of ration holder and there family member is stored in RFID Tag. RFIDreader is used for reading RFID tag and user verification. The microcontroller connected to thereader will checks for the user authentication. If the user is found authentic then the quantity ofration to be given to the customer according to the total number of family members will bedisplayed on display device. A smart system is free from thieves. Delivered ration details directlysend through web application to the government of india without any manual feeding and alsosending message to customer’s register mobile number and ration receipt.Golden Bagul, Brendon Desouza, Tejaswini Gaikwad, AnkushPanghanti(2017): TheRationing distribution system also called public distribution system distributes food items to thepoor. Major commodities include rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene. In this system QR codes willbe provided instead of current ration cards. Users database is stored which is provided byGovernment. The Smart Card must be scanned by the customer to show the details of itemsallocated by government, and then it check customer details with stored data to distribute3254
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial Issuematerial in ration shop. Biometric i.e. Fingerprint scanning will be done for security andauthentication mer’sdatabaseisstoredinmicrocontroller which is provided by Government Authority. Customer needs to scan tag toRFID reader, and then microcontroller checks customer’s details with stored to distributematerial in ration shop. After successful verification, customer needs to enter type of material aswell as quantity of material using keypad. After delivering proper material to consumer, themicrocontroller sends the information to customer as well as PDS authorities using GlobalSystem for Mobile (GSM) technology.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYRESEARCHResearch design is considered as a “blueprint” for research, dealing with at least fourproblems: which question to study, which data are relevant, what data to collect, and how toanalyze the results. The best design depends on the research question as well as the orientation ofthe researcher.AREA OF THE STUDYThe study was conducted in Coimbatore city from the smart card users.SAMPLE DESIGNConvenience Random sampling.SAMPLE SIZEThe data are collected from 100 respondents.SOURCES OF DATAPRIMARY DATA3255
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssuePrimary data refers to the first data collection from the primary source. Primary data are alwayscollected from the source. It is collected either by the investigator himself or through his agents.The Questionnaire method is used to collect the data for this study.SECONDARY DATASecondary data are the one which are not originally collected but rather obtained from publishedand unpublished sources and website.TOOLS FOR ANALYSISSimple Percentage analysisThe tool used for the analysis of data is Simple percentage analysis.No.of respondentsSimple percentage analysis X 100Total no of respondentsCorrelationCorrelation is a statistical measurement of the relationship between two variables.Possible correlations range from 1 to –1. A zero correlation indicates that there is norelationship between the variables. A correlation of –1 indicates a perfect negative correlation,meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down. A correlation of 1 indicates aperfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in the same direction together.CHI-SQUAREO - observed frequencyE - expected frequencyExpected frequency can be calculate by,RT*CTE NWhere, N-Total number of observations, RT – ROW TOTAL, CT – COLUMN TOTAL.3256
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssueTable value is found at 5% Level of significance and for the available degree of freedom.Degrees of freedom (R-1)*(C-1) Where,R-Number of rowsC-Number of columnsThus chi-square can be calculated by using the formula given below.Chi Square (O-E)2/EIf the calculated value is lesser than the tabulated value then the hypothesis is acceptedand if the calculated value is greater than the tabulated value then the hypothesis is rejected.ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS:Table:1 Showing The Socio Demographic Profile Of The RespondentsFactorsNo.of CategoryNo.of CategoryNo. Percentage otal100100Below 15 years1116 – 30 years303031 – 45 years3232Above 45 HLYBelow Rs 100003030INCOMERs 10001 – Rs150004141Rs 15001 – Rs 250002727AGEof RespondentsMARITAL STATUS Unmarried3257
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsAbove Rs 25000Special O OF EARNING1 Member4444MEMBERS IN THE2 Members3333FAMILY3 Members1616Above 3 Members77Total50100FAMILY TYPETable:2. Showing the Factors influencing the customers preference towards ards CustomerTowards DealersSafety Purpose3030Convenience2020Easy to shop1414SMS alert66Technological Development1010Prevention of Exploitation2020Consumer database77Time Saving3030Expand business reach88Decrease of Frauds1313Less Formalities1212Instant transactions30303258
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssueTable No. 3 CorrelationGender of the respondents vs Dealer serviceDealer ServiceGenderTOTALVery 0483250724696N xy – ( x) ( y)r sqrt N x2 -( x)2 N y2 - ( y)2 0.97The coefficient of correlation is 0.97Hence x and y are correlated.3259
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssueFrom the above table, it is clear that the coefficient of correlation is 1 (0.97), whichindicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables, gender of the respondents &Dealer service move in the same direction together.Table No. 4. Family Type of the respondents and Usage of SMART cardHypothesis:There is no significant relationship between family type of the respondents andusage of SMART cardFamily TypeUsage of SMART 812100TEST RESULTFactorDegree ofTableCalculatedAccepted /FreedomValueValueRejectedS / NS13.81.62AcceptedNSMonthlyIncomeSignificant – Significant value (0.05)Not Significant – Significant value (0.05)From the above table, it is clear that the calculated value is less than the table value.Hence the hypothesis is accepted. Thus it is found that there is no significant relationshipbetween family type of the respondents and usage of SMART card.3260
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssueTable No. 5. Monthly income of the respondents and Preference of CardHypothesis:There is no significant relationship between Monthly income of the respondents andPreference of SMART CardSMART cardFamily audBelow Rs 1000012310530Rs 10001 - Rs15000133151041Rs 15001 – Rs 250001318325Above Rs 2500021104TOTAL4083418100TEST RESULTFactorDegree ofTableCalculatedAccepted /FreedomValueValueRejectedS / NS916.94.7AcceptedNSMonthlyIncomeSignificant – Significant value (0.05)Not Significant – Significant value (0.05)3261
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial IssueFrom the above table, it is clear that the calculated value is less than the table value. Hence thehypothesis is accepted. Thus it is found that there is no significant relationship between Monthlyincome of the respondents and Preference of SMART Card.SUGGESTIONThe consumers of TPDS should be made aware about the benefits of the scheme, prices andscales of PDS items and all other provisions of the PDS clearly. In this regard the governmentshould organize, consumer awareness conferences/seminars etc. the government shouldconstitute some special committees/boards/agencies to aware the consumers especially in ruralareas. There should be a complaint box at each FPS, through which the common consumers canmake complaints about the irregularities at distribution level, to the authority. And the authorityshould entertain these complaints on half-monthly basis and should take appropriate action onfinding any irregularityCONCLUSIONThe smart card system is more secure and transparent than the ration card system. Influence offraud data entry in the ration database can be maintained simply with the use of this smart rationcard system. Customer can be authenticated using RFID swapping and thumb detection. It isexpected that the smart card system will be more transparent, reliable than the ration card systemUsing this smart card system we can have Better management of the ration distribution system.Govt. can have indirect check on the availability of the ration to the beneficiary. It is transparentand has control over prices of some commodities in the open market. Dealer will not be able tokeep fake ration cards with them. System helps to modernize traditional rationing and combatcorruption up to a great extent.Reference[1] AkshadaGadhave, Manoj Mandlik, JuileeTajane, Prof.A.R.Choure,Department of Electronics &Telecommunication, Jaihind College of Engineering, Kuran, SavitribaiPhule Pune University,Pune (MH), India Online ISSN: 0976-9730 , Print ISSN: 0976- 9498, vol 8,issue 1, jan 1 2018.3262
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsSpecial Issue[2] AartiBhosalePratimaSabale, PushpakShinde,ShwetaBhorInternational Journal of ComputerApplications (0975 – 8887) Volume 180 – No.3, December 2017.[3] Golden Bagul, Brendon Desouza, Tejaswini Gaikwad, AnkushPanghanti - 2015 Department ofComputer Engineering, A.I.S.S.M.S. College of Engineering, Pune, S.P.P.U, India.[4] DikshaKamble, BharatiLokhande, PrachitiSardar, TusharKhose “Smart Ration card system usingRFID and Biometrics”, International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science. Volume 5Issue 12 Dec. 2016.[5]Dr G. Agila , Dhamayanthi Arumugam,” A Study On Effectiveness Of PromotionalStrategies At Prozone Mall With Reference To Visual Merchandising”, InternationalJournal of Innovations in Scientific and Engineering Research, Vol. 5, Issue .6 , 2018,pp.47-56.3263
3264
down, regarding the delivery by commission agent. Ration Distributed (Food Distribution) system using RF ID based Smart Card along with bio metric authentication that is fingerprint of Ration Card holder. To develop a system which can customize the current offline ration system and establish transparent the aged one who are lonely.
A Qualitative Study of Retired Olympic Athletes Michelle Pannor Silver Self-perceptions about aging have implications for health and well-being; however, less is known about how these perceptions influence adaptation to major life transitions.The goal of this study was to examine how high-performance athletes' perceptions
Customer satisfaction has identified as an important influencer on customer loyalty. Further, customer trust impacted by customer satisfaction which proved that customer satisfaction is an antecedent of customer trust. Moreover, an indirect relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty through customer trust was observed.
range of robot off-task actions. In contrast to past work on inter-actions with robot curiosity, which have been unconcerned with human perceptions, the current study gauges human perceptions of a robot running a program modeled on curiosity and examines how an autonomous robot's behaviors influence those perceptions. 2 RELATED WORK
IV. RESULTS The results of the study are presented in two parts: teachers' perceptions and students' perceptions on the use of Quipper School as online platform for extended EFL learning. A. Teachers' Perceptions on the Use of Quipper School The teachers were asked to inform how they perceive about some aspects regarding the implementation of Quipper
PERCEPTIONS OF THE NIKE SPORTS BRAND By Delwyn Harlon Pillay Reg No: 210515889 A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of . brand recall and brand recognition 117 Table 6.6 Chi-Square: Consumers perceptions of sports brands 118 Table 6.7 Chi- Square: Celebrity endorsements on consumers' perceptions of .
akuntansi musyarakah (sak no 106) Ayat tentang Musyarakah (Q.S. 39; 29) لًََّز ãَ åِاَ óِ îَخظَْ ó Þَْ ë Þٍجُزَِ ß ا äًَّ àَط لًَّجُرَ íَ åَ îظُِ Ûاَش
Collectively make tawbah to Allāh S so that you may acquire falāḥ [of this world and the Hereafter]. (24:31) The one who repents also becomes the beloved of Allāh S, Âَْ Èِﺑاﻮَّﺘﻟاَّﺐُّ ßُِ çﻪَّٰﻠﻟانَّاِ Verily, Allāh S loves those who are most repenting. (2:22
2. Implementing customer engagement 12 Effective customer engagement is a dialogue 12 Effective customer engagement aims to build mutual trust 13 Effective customer engagement is strategic and planned 13 Effective customer engagement recognises a scale of participation 16 Effective customer engagement is conducted responsibly 17 Case Study 2 18 3.
