Course 1: Introduction to the WaterQuality Assessment Module
UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 2
Getting started1. Open your Internet browser and surf to ecampus.unesco-ihe.org2. Log in (upper right corner of the screen) by filling in your Username and Passwordthat were sent to you earlier and click on the button “Login”. If you would notremember your password, you can retrieve it by clicking on the link "Lostpassword?".3. You are now in the welcome screen. In the left menu under "My IHE modules", youwill see the list of modules that you enrolled for (probably only the Water QualityAssessment Course). In this welcome screen you can also find some links togeneral information about UNECO-IHE (top menu), you can see if there aremessages for you (top right corner), there is a calendar and you can start/updateyour personal blog or check other persons messages.GETTING THE TERMINOLOGY RIGHTAlthough on our website and during our communication with you, we always referred tothe online course Water Quality Assessment, in the Moodle system this is called theonline module WQA. A module then consists of several courses (equivalent tochapters) and each course/chapter consists further of several units (equivalent tolectures):ONLINE MODULE WQACourse 1 – IntroductionUnit 1Unit 2.Course 2 – Water quality and pollutionUnit 1Unit 2.4. Click now on "2010-OC-Water Quality Assessment" to enter the course. In themiddle section you can see the course outline with its contents (note that not allinformation is available right from the start, we only open a new chapter when theold chapter has been completed).In the left menu, you can see the following items:People - participants: overview of your fellow participantsActivities: Feedback will allow you to give your opinion on the course;Forums will give you access to online discussions, Glossaries contains keyterminology and Resources gives an overview of all materials.Administration: grades allow you to check your mark, profile allows you toupgrade your personal informationIHE module menu: quick navigation through the courseIn the right menu, you can see the following items:MessagesCalendarUNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 3
Events key: is linked to the calendar and shows you events at a given datewhich are important either for all users of Moodle, for all participants of theWQA course, for a subgroup of participants of the WQA course or for youpersonally (user).Online users: who is online?Latest news5. Please take a moment after your first login to update your personal data (Go toAdministration - Profile - Edit profile and after changing use the button "Updateprofile"). If you have one at hand, you can also upload a picture of yourself.6. Nowgotothemiddlesectiontotheheading"UNESCOIHE Moodle Virtual Learning Environment" (under the picture). You can find herea student introduction to eCampus which explains in more detail all the itemsmentioned under point 4. You can view this either as a simple pdf, or as a sort ofmovie (audiovisual). The file format of the latter one is .m4v, which requires forexample QuickTime to be installed (free software which can be downloaded from:http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/).7. In the next menu item "Programme General Information", you can find a copy of thebrochure on the OLC WQA.8. In the next menu item "Module overview", you can find some information such asthe target group, prerequisites, time frame, learning objectives, lecturing staff etc.(Note that part of this information is also available in the brochure mentioned underpoint 7).9. Once you have viewed all this information, it is now time to start with the first courseand the first unit. Simply scroll down a bit to Course 1 and follow the instructionsfrom the next page onwards.Recommended reading1. http://email.about.com/od/emailnetiquette/tp/core netiquette.htm Electronic mail etiquette, also useful for your contributions to the discussions in theI-Learning Environment2. www.elearners.com/advisor/index.asp Although you have already started an on-line course, at this portal for on-linelearning you can test your compatibility with e-learningUNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 4
Course 1: Introduction to the WaterQuality Assessment ModuleTable of ContentsUnit 1Welcome by the course coordinatorsUnit 2General overview of the courseUnit 3Water and Life, on the importance of waterUnit 4Sustainable Use of Water, on the uses and abuses of waterUNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 5
Unit 1 – Meet the course coordinators and lecturersIn this unit the course coordinators will first present themselves. Secondly someinformation about the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education is given. And finallythe other lecturers are introduced.1.1. Course coordinatorsGretchen Gettel - Lecturer in Aquatic BiogeochemistryGretchen joined the department of Environmental Resourcesat UNESCO-IHE in May 2010. Her research activities arefocused on understanding the role of aquatic and wetlandecosystems in maintaining water quality in the context of landuse and climate change. Her research has focused mainly onnitrogen and carbon biogeochemistry.Prior to arriving at UNESCO-IHE, Gretchen was employed atthe University of New Hampshire as a post-doc and then asresearch scientist (2005 - 2010). There she studied theeffects of rivers and wetlands in the processing of nitrogen and carbon at whole-basinscales. In 2006, Gretchen completed her Ph.D. 2006 from Cornell University, USA, inthe program of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Change (BEC). The topic of herdissertation was nitrogen fixation in arctic lakes. In 1998, she earned a M.Sc. from theUniversity of Minnesota in the Department of Water Resources, where she studied theeffects of fish distribution on invertebrate and primary producer community structure,also in arctic lakes. She has also worked in stream ecosystems in Venezuela, Trinidad,and Puerto Rico.Gretchen's teaching experience includes laboratory and lecture courses in AquaticEcosystems (ecosystem processes and biogoechemistry focus), Water QualityManagement, Stream Ecology, Limnology, and Scientific Writing,Peter Kelderman - Senior Lecturer in Environmental ChemistryDr. Peter Kelderman has been attached to IHE since 1983.His academic teaching subjects include: General andEnvironmental Chemistry; Mathematics; Physical transportprocesses, Water Quality Management and Modelling andAquatic sediments. He has also been teaching these subjectsin, amongst others, Kenya, China, Taiwan and Poland.Additionally, he is supervisor of the Chemistry laboratorysessions at IHE.Peter Kelderman has prepared and supervised group workson Integrated River Basin Management and on EnvironmentalTechnology. In many cases, he has been course leader andmentor in regular and short courses at IHE. He has also supervised some 50 MSc and4 PhD participants, mainly in the fields of water quality management and of wetlandsfor wastewater treatment.UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 6
Before 1983, he was attached to the Netherlands Institute for Ecological Research(NIOO-CEMO), where he carried out a PhD study on sediment-water interaction ofnutrients in a shallow, saline lake. For this, multidisciplinary research was undertakenin the field of sediment dynamics, pore water qualities, experiments on sediment waterinteraction under different environmental conditions and fieldwork on the effects of lightand dark conditions upon the phosphorus exchange in a producing microflora mat.His current research activities are especially concentrated on sources of pollution andclean-up of dredged sediments in an urban environment. For this, the different massbalance terms of suspended matter and heavy metals in an inner-city canal system aresystematically being assessed. This research has, up till now, resulted in more than 10scientific publications.Peter Kelderman has presented his work in many conferences and seminars; recentlyhe has been member of the Programme Committee of the 9th IWA Conference onWatershed and River basin Management.1.2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education (source: www.unesco-ihe.org)The UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education is established in 2003. It carries outresearch, education and capacity building activities in the fields of water, environmentand infrastructure. UNESCO-IHE continues the work that began in 1957 when IHE firstoffered a postgraduate diploma course in hydraulic engineering to practisingprofessionals from developing countries.The Institute is based in Delft, the Netherlands, and is owned by all UNESCO memberstates. It is established as a UNESCO „category I‟ institute jointly by UNESCO and theGovernment of the Netherlands.The Institute is the largest water education facility in the world, and the only institutionin the UN system authorised to confer accredited MSc degrees.UNESCO-IHE is instrumental in strengthening the efforts of other universities andresearch centres to increase the knowledge and skills of professionals working in thewater sector.Vision and missionUNESCO-IHE envisages a world in which people manage their water andenvironmental resources in a sustainable manner, and in which all sectors of society,particularly the poor, can enjoy the benefits of basic services.The mandate given by UNESCO to IHE is to:strengthen and mobilise the global educational and knowledge base for integratedwater resources management; andcontribute to meeting the water-related capacity building needs of developingcountries and countries in transition.Within this mandate, the mission of the Institute is to:contribute to the education and training of professionals and to build the capacity ofsector organisations, knowledge centres and other institutions active in the fields ofwater, the environment and infrastructure in developing countries and countries intransition.The functions of the Institute include:Serving as an international standard-setting body for postgraduate water educationprogrammes and continuing professional training;UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 7
Building human and institutional capacities through education, training andresearch;Setting up and managing networks of educational and water sector institutions andorganisations worldwide;Functioning as a „policy forum‟ for UNESCO member states and otherstakeholders; andProviding advice on water education to partner organisations and other members ofthe UN water family.Beneficiaries and clientsUNESCO-IHE provides a wide range of services to a variety of target groups indeveloping countries and countries in transition:Education, training and research – for water sector professionals, engineers,scientists, consultants and decision-makers working in the water, environment andinfrastructure sectors.Water sector capacity building – for water sector ministries and departments,municipalities, water boards and water utilities, universities, training and researchinstitutes, industries, non-governmental and private sector organisations.Partnership building and networking – among knowledge centres, public andprivate sector organisations.Standard setting for education and training – for water-related institutions,universities and other education and training agencies in the water sector.Policy forum on water – for UNESCO member states and other stakeholders.1.3. Other lecturersMário Chilundo – Lecturer in Water ManagementMário Chilundo is an Agriculture Engineer, full timelecturer at Eduardo Mondlane University since 2003 atRural Engineering Department (Soil and Water Division),Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering (FAEF) inMozambique. He is currently involved in the teaching ofsubjects such as: Hydraulics; Irrigation Projects; Water inAgriculture and Irrigation and Drainage. He has also beeninvolved as course facilitator on topics related to watermanagement (eg. tropical wetlands management; climatechange impacts on water resources; integrated waterresources management). His academic experience wasalso grown through participation in cooperation activitieswith: Savonia University of Applied Sciences (Finland);UNESCO-IHE (Netherlands) and recently with Technical University of Lisbon(Portugal).Mário Chilundo holds a BSc with honours in Agronomy (Rural Engineering) since 2002and also MSc degree on Environmental Sciences (specialised on water qualitymanagement) since 2007 as a result of his training at UNESCO-IHE. He hasexperience in management, planning, monitoring and evaluation of irrigation projectsand agricultural crops. He participated in several baseline surveys and feasibilitystudies for proposed agricultural and irrigation projects and carried out environmentalimpact assessment of agricultural and irrigation development projects. He hadconducted related research including, assessment of erosion and salinization after the2000 floods in the Limpopo River Basin from 2002 to 2004; integrated management ofwetlands (community focused projects) and within the Challenge Program on WaterUNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 8
and Food Program (2005-2009), carried out research aiming to increase waterproductivity in arid and semi-arid regions of Mozambique.He has prepared and supervised students work on water management and waterquality monitoring in the southern Mozambique, especially within Limpopo River Basinand urban green areas of Maputo. His current research activities are focused on themaximization of water use in agriculture (fertirrigation in sandy soils), water qualityassessment (heavy metals) in transboundary basins (surface and groundwater). Theseactivities have resulted and several scientific reports as well as conference papers.Tamara AvellánMrs. Tamara Avellán commenced her academic career inbiology at the Ludwig Maximilian Universität, Germany,where she obtained her Vordiplom in 2002. Two years later,she graduated with a Master of Science in BiologicalScience from the Wayne State University, USA, after havingstudied the water and aquatic ecosystem quality of aUruguayan creek.She was then invited to continue researching in the sameinstitute where her focus lay on the ecotoxicological effectsof heavy metals on the leaf morphology of submergedaquatic plants. During this time she was also in charge of teaching a variety of basicbiology classes and guiding more than 10 undergraduate students in specific researchquestions. In 2007, she returned to her home country, Uruguay, where she worked asan independent environmental consultant, performing environmental qualityassessments, designs and construction of wetlands and environmental educationefforts.After a short research stay at UNESCO-IHE, Mrs. Avellán now works again at theLudwig Maximilians Universität in Munich, Germany for the department of Geographyand Remote Sensing.Diederik Rousseau - Senior Lecturer in Environmental EngineeringDr. Diederik Rousseau has been working at the Department ofEnvironmental Resources at UNESCO-IHE Delft since October2005. He holds both an MSc (1999) and PhD (2005) degreefrom Ghent University in Belgium in Applied BiologicalSciences - Environmental Technology.Research: dr. ir. Rousseau's main expertise is natural systemsfor wastewater treatment, in particular constructed treatmentwetlands and waste stabilization ponds, with a strong focus onthe optimization of ecotechnologies‟ performance by means ofexperimental set-ups as well as model-based design. His ownresearch as well as the results by numerous MSc and PhDfellows under his supervision has resulted in a large number of publications, amongothers 23 peer-reviewed papers, 4 book chapters and 28 papers in proceedings ofinternational conferences. He is a regular reviewer for various journals and is alsoactively involved in the WETPOL and IWA (Constructed) Wetland conferences.UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 9
Education: dr.ir. Rousseau has 10 years of educational experience, not only withtraditional forms as classroom teaching and laboratory sessions, but also with onlinecourses and problem-based learning. He has also been teaching on numerousoccasions in short courses abroad on the topics of water quality and wastewatermanagement, among others in countries such as Colombia, Mexico, Indonesia, Egyptand Rwanda. In addition to that he also has ample experience with programmemanagement, having been Deputy Course Coordinator and currently being MSccoordinator of the MSc in Environmental Science at UNESCO-IHE.Action List for Unit 1Watch the Introduction Movie, available under C1U1 Lecture PresentationNow that you know us, we also very much would like to know a bit more about you.1. Please update your profile if you have not done so yet (see page 4 - item 5).2. Almost at the bottom of C1U1, click on the link "Assignment WQA-1:Present yourself" and follow the instructions".Extra informationIf you want more information on UNESCO-IHE, you can find a short introductionmovie on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v A rQ hPyJsI. There arealso other movies available, among others about the history of the institute. Simplytype the keyword UNESCO-IHE in YouTube to access this information.UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 10
Unit 2 – General overview of the course contents2.1. Objectives of the courseOver large parts of the world, riversand lakes show increasing trends ofwater pollution. This holds especiallyfor developing countries undereconomic expansion and increasingpopulation sizes. Evaluation of thephysical, chemical and biologicalwater quality is essential for theabatement of freshwater pollution. Forthis, sound and sustainable waterqualityassessmentprogrammesshould be aimed at integrating thedifferent steps in the monitoring cycle,fromtheinformationneeds,monitoring network design, field and laboratory procedures up to data collection andprocessing. The resulting water quality data can then be evaluated together with thenatural water quality, human effects and water quality usages. Optimization of thewater quality monitoring programmes, amongst others with respect to cost, shouldensure that these programmes are sound and sustainable, also in future.After successful completion of the course, participants will be able to:Understand and apply concepts of water quality and pollution processes inrivers and lakesUnderstand and apply the different steps of the monitoring cycle in rivers andlakesUnderstand the basic concepts of groundwater quality and monitoringApply common statistical techniques for water quality data evaluationDesign sound and sustainable freshwater quality monitoring and assessmentprogrammes under specified conditions.2.2. Module contentsThis module consists of four courses and a final assignment1. Introduction to the Water Quality Assessment Module (this course)2. Water Quality and Pollution3. Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment4. Data handling and presentation5. Final assignmentCourse 1: IntroductionThis course will first introduce you to UNESCO-IHE, to the teachers of this moduleand then will help you take your first steps in eCampus. After that we will review thecontents of the module and give you an overview of the assignments that you needto do in order to successfully complete the course and receive the Certificate.Finally we will introduce you to the world of Water and Water Quality, with somegeneral information about “Water and Life” and “Sustainable Use of Water”UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationOLC Water Quality AssessmentCourse 1Page 11
Course 2: Water QualityWe will discuss the main water quality and pollution characteristics in rivers andlakes a
1.2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education (source: www.unesco-ihe.org) The UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education is established in 2003. It carries out research, education and capacity building activities in the fields of water, environment and infrastructure. UNESCO-IHE continues the work that began in 1957 when IHE first
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.