Commercial Egg Processing - U.S. Poultry & Egg Association

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Egg Processing

Egg Processing SystemsIn-Line Processing Egg processing occurs at the same location asthe egg production facility. This processing method is the most efficient eggcollection and processing of eggs available. Eggsare delivered from the egg production facility to theegg processing facility by an enclosed andrefrigerated conveyor system.Egg handling and processing is performedwith automated equipment.

Egg Processing SystemsOff-Line Processing Egg processing occurs separate from the eggproduction facility. This processing method utilizes satellite farms.Satellite farms are egg production facilities that arelocated at a different location from the eggprocessing facility.Eggs produced at satellite farms must be gatheredand delivered to the egg processing facility.Egg handling and gathering is performed withautomated equipment.

Egg ProcessingConveyorEgg ProductionIn-line egg processingOff-line egg processingEgg gathering

Egg Processing SystemsCare of eggs on the farm Regardless of on-line or off-line processing,steps are taken to maintain egg quality on thefarm. These include, but are not limited to, egg collectionoccurring several times daily, careful egg handlingprocedures, egg cooling, egg cleaning, and use ofclean packaging materials.

Processing Functions Cleaning the Eggs All eggs in the United States are washed in warm waterwith a mild detergent in order to remove any contaminants(manure, grease, blood, yolk, etc.) before they are sold forhuman consumption.Eggs are dried to remove an excess moisture prior topackaging.Removal of contaminants prevents egg spoilage bybacteria.Eggs that are not cleaned or contain defects are removedfrom the processing line and are not packaged for humanconsumption.

Processing Functions Grading Grading refers to the process of grouping eggs accordingto similar characteristics, such as quality and weight.Egg grading is performed by trained professionals from theUnited States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.).The USDA has a stringent set of requirements for thegrading of fresh shell eggs.Egg grading is dependent upon examination of internalquality factors (e.g., condition of the egg white and yolk, aircell size).

U.S.D.A. Grading Diagram

Processing FunctionsGrading Continued Internal quality factors can also be determinedby candling.Candling involves holding the egg to aconcentrated light source for visual inspectionof internal defects, such as blood spots ordouble yolks.

Processing FunctionsGrading Continued Egg grading is also dependent upon external qualityfactors (e.g., shape, texture, cleanliness, and soundnessof the shell).An egg with a AA grade contains the most desirablecharacteristics while an egg with a B grade contains theleast desirable characteristics.External quality can be determined by candling forillumination and detection of egg shell cracks.

CandlingIdeal egg shape.Abnormal egg shape.

U.S.D.A. Grading Factors

Processing Functions Size DeterminationSizes are determined by weight. There are sixdifferent weight categories: peewee, small, medium,large, extra large, and jumbo. Each size categoryreceives a different price on the farm as well as atthe retail level. Minimum Average Weight for one dozen eggs Peewee:Small:Medium:Large:Extra Large:Jumbo:15 ounces18 ounces21 ounces24 ounces27 ounces30 ounces

Processing Functions Packaging Eggs are packaged into a variety of containersdesigned for safe shipment and enhancedproduct appearance for the consumer.Loose packaging is a simple way of moving largequantities of eggs in an efficient but also simplefashion. Loose packaging usually refers to eithera thirty egg large or extra large flat, or a twentyegg jumbo flat. Loose sales mostly consist ofsales to restaurants or other large quantityconsumers.

Processing FunctionsPackaging Continued In retail settings, eggs are often packaged incartons containing either one dozen or eighteeneggs. This packaging method is designed to be handledby the final consumer and is therefore usuallydesigned to be quite appealing.There are several different varieties of eggsavailable to the consumer, called designer eggs bythe industry.

Care and Handling Refrigeration Eggs must be cooled to a core temperature of45 F.Eggs held prior to processing must also becooled.All eggs being transported must be hauled in arefrigerated trailer so that the core temperature isheld constant at 45 F.

Care and Handling Mechanical Handling Eggs are moved using conveyor systemsbetween the production facility and the processingplant.The processing machinery is fully mechanical andmost of the equipment on commercial farmsworks to wash, dry, sort by weight and quality,and package the eggs into specified packaging.Once eggs are consolidated to pallets, fork liftsare used to handle the product.

Labeling Sell by Date Every individual package of eggs processed mustcontain a sell by date that is set from the date ofprocessing.Julian Date This is the three digit day number relative to theday in the year the eggs were processed. Thisdate is calculated with January 1 as 001 andDecember 31 as 365. This date is listed next tothe plant code.

Labeling Grade Both the size of the eggs and the level of qualityare printed on the carton. Most fresh shell eggsare signified by an A or AA grade.Plant Code A code is printed on every carton produced in aprocessing plant. Each plant has its ownindividual code so that if there is a need to findthe origin of the finish product, it can be traced allthe way back to the processing plant.

Carton Labeling

Labeling Nutritional Facts Nutritional information is printed on every packagefor retail sale. This information varies slightlydepending on the egg size and also the type ofegg (designer eggs).“Keep Refrigerated” All egg packages are labeled with a cautionary“keep refrigerated” label. Refrigeration helpsreduce the growth of salmonella or other bacteria.

Labeling U.E.P. “Animal Care Certified” Nationwide many egg farmers have voluntarilyjoined the United Egg Producers (U.E.P.), whichdevelops regulations to ensure the overall welfareof chickens being used for egg production. Whena farm becomes “Animal Care Certified”, this labelinforms the consumer that the product wasproduced in accordance with accepted animalwelfare standards.

the egg production facility. This processing method is the most efficient egg collection and processing of eggs available. Eggs are delivered from the egg production facility to the egg processing facility by an enclosed and refrigerated conveyor system. Egg handling and processing is performed with automated equipment.

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