Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter: A Review

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Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter: a reviewGéraldine SERVANTService de Physique Théorique- CEA/SaclayBased on work with-Tim Tait: hep-ph/0206071 (NPB)hep-ph/0209262 (New J.Phys.)-Bertone & Sigl: hep-ph/0211342 (PRD)-Kaustubh Agashe: hep-ph/0403143 (PRL)hep-ph/0411254 (JCAP)-Dan Hooper:to appear

ADD-1R meV-1TeVonly gravityin bulkmodels- branon dark matter(fine-tuned)(flat)X-dimsall SM fieldsin bulkhy pb solvedR TeV (flat)rarc}}gauge bosonsin bulk-1Hie- radion dark matterm meV; (fine-tuned)Warped"Universal" X-dims(AdS)geometries(Randall-Sundrum)-1R MPlbutif GUT in bulkM TeVKK- radion dark matterm meV; (fine-tuned)- KK dark matterWIMP!- radion unstable- KK dark matterWIMP!

WIMPKKdark matterSo far, two working models :4 Universal Extra Dimensions (UED)WIMP Lightest KK particle (LKP)stability symmetry KK parity4 Warped GUTsWIMP Lightest Z3 charged particle (LZP)stability symmetry Z3 symmetry a potential link between the LZP and baryogenesis.

Literature on KK dark matter: the complete listKolb & Slansky '84-1Thought about it, but in 1984 R TeV was inconceivable.Dienes, Dudas & Gherghetta '99Mohapatra& Perez-Lorenzana '02mentionned the idea in passing}Servant & Tait '02Detailed relic density calculationCheng, Feng & Matchev '02Direct and indirect detectionServant & Tait '02Direct detectionMajumdar '02Direct detectionProspects for neutrino telescopesHooper & Kribs '02Indirect detectionBertone, Servant & Sigl '02Positron excessHooper & Kribs '04Bergstrom, Bringmann, Eriksson & Gustafsson '04Indirect detectionBaltz & Hooper '04Bergstrom, Bringmann, Eriksson & Gustafsson II '04Kakizaki, Matsumoto, Sato & Senami '05 A 2nd look at the relic density calculation superWimp KK graviton papersAgashe & Servant '04Agashe & Servant II '04Hooper & Servant , upcomingModel building, relic density,direct detection, collider signatures .Indirect detection}KK darkmatter inUEDWarpedKK darkmatter

LKP dark matter in Universal Extra DimensionsUED : ALL SM particles propagate into flat dimensionsAppelquist, Cheng & Dobrescu '01Conservation of momentum along extra dimension translates in 4D into conservation of KK numberby the orbifold we impose to recover a chiral theoryOther consequence of KK parity:Production of 1rst KK modesonly by pairs: Weak bound on 1/R

1-loop spectrum of 1rst KK modesCheng, Matchev & Schmaltz'02assuming:1/R 500 GeV, ΛR 20, mh 120 GeVand vanishing boundary terms at the cutoff ΛγLKP: most likely a11(actually a B )Another intriguing possibility: LKP KK graviton (see S. Su's talk)

Relic density predictions)

4 Coannihilation effects4 Possible effect ofadditional dimension0.25d0.180.161 Flavor0.23 Flavors0.180.140.160.12Wh 0.110 0.0060.16d0.142Wh2Wh2Servant-Tait0.080.125dWh2 0.110 0.0060.10.080.060.060.040.0200.04D .05D .0100.20.40.60.8mKK (TeV)4 Effect of 2nd KK modes"natural KK resonance"Kakizaki & al , hep-ph/050205910.021.2000.20.40.60.8mKK (TeV)11.2Servant-Tait

Direct detectionExperimental limits :LKP signal :Servant, Tait '02Cheng, Feng,Matchev '02

Particle physics model building in warped space2005 favourite set-up:SU(2)SU(2)U(1)RLGauge fields and fermions in the bulk4 hierarchy pb4 fermion masses4 High scale unification4 FRW cosmology4d gravitonPlanckbraney 0Higgs oralternativedynamics forEW symmetrybreakingTeVbrane 5Slice of AdS 52ds e 2k p y 22dx r dy2y prNow embed this into a GUT solve proton stability4 Dark matter

In GUTs where MX,Y few TeV very fast proton decaySolution: Break GUT by boundary conditions which splitzero modes GUT multipletsSM fermions

Mass spectrum of KK fermionsDepends on:4 type of boundary conditions on TeV and Planck branes4 c-parameter ( 5D bulk mass)( localization of zero-mode wave function)For certain type of boundary conditions on fermions,there can be a hierarchy between the mass of KKfermion and the mass of KK gauge bosons Not a single KK scale

Mass spectrum of lightest KK fermionM valueKK10 TeV7 TeV5 TeV3 TeVc -1/2 :kpr(c 1/2)m (GeV)103mª0.83 (c-1/2) (c 1/2)eMKK10 2-1/2 c -1/4 :mª0.83 (c 1/2)MKKc -1/4 :10mª0.65(c 1)MKK110-1-0.8-0.7-0.6-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1cand smallest c: c of the top quark LZP belongs to the multiplet containing SM top quarkThere exists a very light KK fermion as aconsequence of the heaviness of the top quark

zero modes SM fermions

Relic density predictionsW h20annihilation is dominated by Z exchange annihilation is dominated byheavy KK gauge boson exchangeÆ Æ10 210110101010MKK 6 TeV-1 Wh2 0.110 0.01-2-3MKK 3 TeV-410102103mLZP (GeV)Agashe-Servant '04

Direct detectionmasses of KKgauge bosons(spin-independent)10sn-LZP (pb)Wimp-nucleon elasticscattering cross section(spin-independent)-53 TeV4 TeV10-66 TeV10-7CDMS limit (only applies forsome range of wimp masses)10 ant '04

Collider Signatures: examples4 W 2 b ET6 W 4 b ET

Indirect detection in neutrino telescopesLarge elastic scattering cross section: large capture rate in the SunEfficient production of neutrinos in annihilationsMKK 4 TeVMKK 6 TeVMKK 10 TeVHooper & Servant, in prep.

Cosmic positrons from LZP annihilationsFit of the HEAT datafrom LZP annihilations40 GeV LZP50 GeV LZPHooper & Servant, in prep.

A natural framework to relateΩbaryonsandΩdarkmatterOur dark matter candidate carries baryon number! (B 1/3)UNIVERSE} 0 B (-B)}Bcarried bybaryonscarried byanti-LZPAssume an asymmetry between t and t- is created via theout-of-equilibrium and CP-violating decay :X'Xsanti-LZPBaryon number conservation leads to:3 ( n LZP - nLZP ) n b - nbAssuming efficient annihilation betweenρ mLZP nLZP 6ρbDMtLZPandLZP, and b and bmLZP 18 GeV:

natureLKPLZPgaugebosonDiracfermionKK paritysymmetryn(-1)MajoranafermionR-parity3(B-L) 2S(-1)࣮Z3B - (nc - nc)3LSPrelated to proton stabilitymassrange 600-1000 GeVannihilationcross sections-wavefavourite4 LHC4 Indirectdetectiondetection20 GeV-few TeVs-wave 50 GeV-1 TeVhelicity suppressed(p-wave)4 Direct detection!4 LHC!4 Indirect detection !entire parameterspace is testable4 LHC

To concludeAbundance of experimental activity related to dark matter detection:- Colliders- Direct detection: CDMS, Edelweiss, Dama, Cresst, Zeplin, Xenon, Naiad .- Indirect detection:Gamma-ray telescopes: Hess, Veritas, Glast, MagicNeutrino telescopes: Amanda, IceCube, AntaresCosmic positron experiments: HEAT, Pamela, AMS-2 It is timely to study the distinctive signatures expected in different darkmatter scenarios.LKPs, LZPs: viable alternatives to LSPs

Majumdar '02 Direct detection Indirect detection Indirect detection A 2nd look at the relic density calculation Agashe & Servant II '04 Hooper & Servant , upcoming Model building, relic density, direct detection, collider signatures . Indirect detection}} KK dark matter in UED Warped KK dark matter-1 superWimp KK graviton papers

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