Seed Production Of Rabbitfish Siganus Guttatus
AQUACULTURE EXTENSION MANUAL NO.59JULY 2014Seed production ofrabbitfish Siganus guttatusFelix G. AysonOfelia S. ReyesEvelyn Grace T. de Jesus-AysonSoutheast Asian Fisheries Development CenterAQUACULTURE DEPARTMENTwww.seafdec.org.ph
Aquaculture Extension Manual No. 59July 2014Seed production ofrabbitfish Siganus guttatusFelix G. AysonOfelia S. ReyesEvelyn Grace T. de Jesus-AysonSoutheast Asian Fisheries Development CenterAQUACULTURE DEPARTMENTwww.seafdec.org.ph
ON THE COVER: Rabbitfish Siganus guttatus raised at SEAFDEC/AQD[photo by J Zarate]Seed production of rabbitfish Siganus guttatusJULY 2014ISSN 0115-5369Published and printed by:Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterAquaculture DepartmentTigbauan, Iloilo, PhilippinesCopyright 2014Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterAquaculture DepartmentTigbauan, Iloilo, PhilippinesAll rights reservedNo part of this publication may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, orany information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisherFor commentsand inquiriesTelFaxEmailAQD websiteSEAFDEC Aquaculture DepartmentTigbauan, Iloilo 5021, Philippines(63-33) 330 7030(63-33) 330 7031aqdchief@seafdec.org.phwww.seafdec.org.ph
FOREWORDSEAFDEC/AQD has been doing research on rabbitfish Siganus guttatus since 1983which led to the successful breeding and seed production of the species in captivity. In1988, refinement and verification of the hatchery technology was done and diet for earlyjuveniles was formulated the following year.We have been disseminating our rabbitfish breeding and hatchery technologies throughour annual training course on Marine Fish Hatchery Operations and Management. Hence,we came up with this manual on fry production of rabbitfish to reach more aquaculturestakeholders. Moreover, this manual is also timely to help address the limited seed supplyfaced by the industry and the recent increased demand of rabbitfish for polyculture andmariculture. We are hoping that through this manual, seed availability for this species willimprove.This manual is mainly intended to serve as a practical guide to fishfarmers and otherstakeholders interested to venture in operating a rabbitfish hatchery. It details siteselection, hatchery design & layout, and protocols in broodstock management, spawning,larval rearing, and harvest & transport. It has also a section on natural food production forrabbitfish larvae.Mae Catacutan, PhDHeadTechnology Verification and Demonstration DivisionSEAFDEC Aquaculture Department
CONTENTSForewordIntroduction 1Biology 1Site Selection 2Hatchery Design and Layout 2Tank systems 2Seawater supply system 3Freshwater supply system 3Aeration system 3Other facilities 3Broodstock Management 4Source of breeders 4Stocking density and sex ratio4Feeding management 4Water management 5Health management 5Spawning 5Selection of breeders for spawning5To select a male 5To select a female 6Natural spawning 7Hormone-induced spawning 7Hormone preparation 7Egg collection, incubation and hatching7Larval Rearing 8Tank preparation 8Stocking density 8Feeding 8Water management 9Production of Larval Food 10Microalgal production 10Rotifer production 10Preparation of brine shrimp for feeding11Harvest and Transport 11References 12AppendicesI. Hormone preparation (human chorionic gonadotropin)13II. Determination of fertilization rate, hatching rate and14total number of eggsIII. Estimation of larval density in hatching tank (LDH)15IV. Computation for the appropriate density of larvae for16transfer from hatching tank to larval rearing tankV. Counting of stock microalgae (Chlorella and Nannochlorum)16VI. Computation for rotifer and brine shrimp for feeding17VII. Disinfection of tanks18Acknowledgment 19About the authors 19
The rabbitfishes have long been considereda good mariculture species in view ofits desirable production traits. Siganusguttatus is one species that can attainlarge size, withstand overcrowding andtolerate low dissolved oxygen (DO) level.It is also euryhaline and can be cultured inbrackishwater and seawater (salinities ranging Figure 1. Rabbitfish Siganus guttatusfrom 10 to 35 ppt). Like other rabbitfishes,it is an herbivore but becomes an omnivore when held under captivity. Because of its feedinghabit, inputs for production in grow-out culture are low. In many areas in the Philippines, itcommands a higher market price than milkfish, hence profit margin is higher. Thus, S. guttatusis a good alternative species to milkfish for grow-out culture.Photo by J ZarateINTRODUCTIONThe beneficial effects of the green water culture technique that has reduced the incidence ofluminous vibriosis in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) grow-out culture is partly due to the presenceof anti-bacterial substances that are produced by phytoplankton, fungal associates and skinmucus produced by fish species (e.g. tilapia) cultured together with shrimp. Recent studieshave shown that among the fish species used, the skin mucus of S. guttatus is the most potentin preventing the occurrence of luminous vibriosis. Since like P. monodon, S. guttatus growswell in brackishwater, and because of its high price compared to tilapia, S. guttatus is deemed abetter fish species to be used in the green water culture for P. monodon. For this reason, there isnow an increasing demand for S. guttatus for polyculture with shrimps and also in mariculturewhere they are used as net cleaners because they graze on the algae that grow on the nets.There is, however, a problem of seed supply since at present, aside from the fish hatchery ofSEAFDEC/AQD, only a few hatcheries are producing rabbitfish fry. Although seeds can alsobe obtained from the wild, they are seasonal and the fry caught come as a mix of the manyrabbitfish species. Hence, publication of this manual is timely as it hopes to address the need forpromoting technologies that can help boost the production of seedstock for this species.BIOLOGYThe rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, belongs to Family Siganidae. It is popularly known as samaralor kitong. Some of its common names are: goldlined spinefoot, malaga or danggit (Philippines),belais or ketang (Malaysia), and birra or samadar (Indonesia). This species inhabits turbidinshore reefs among mangroves and can tolerate or prefers low salinities. It is an herbivore thatfeeds mainly on benthic algae. Its fry settles on seagrass beds around river mouths and adultsenter and leave rivers with the tide, but are also found on the drop-offs of inshore fringing reefsdown to 6 m. Unlike other siganids, this species is reported to be active at night.S. guttatus is widely distributed in Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific like the AndamanIslands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (including Irian Jaya), Viet Nam, Ryukyus,southern and eastern China, Taiwan, South China Sea, Philippines, and Palau.
This manual is mainly intended to serve as a practical guide to fishfarmers and other stakeholders interested to venture in operating a rabbitfish hatchery. It details site selection, hatchery design & layout, and protocols in broodstock management, spawning, larval rearing, and harvest & transport.
Corn Seed Testing . Seed-Testing Laboratories. Seed tests can be conducted at the SDSU Seed Testing Lab. Seed sample envelopes may be obtained from Extension Service offices or by contacting the SDSU Seed Testing Lab. Samples being submitted to SDSU should be sent to: SDSU Seed Testing Lab Box 2207-A Brookings, SD 57007 (U.S. Postal Service) or
Five seed treatment practices used for controlling seed-borne infection of the target pathogenic fungi were - seed treatment with hot water; seed treatment with plant extracts (a) garlic tablet and (b) neem leaf extract; seed treatment with BAU bio-fungicide; and seed treatments with Vitavax-200. The modified method of hot water
2. setting the seed-rate handle, 3. positioning the feed-cup door, and 4. checking the seed rate. Refer to the seed rate charts beginning on page 4. These charts list the proper drive type and seed-rate-handle settings for various seeds and seeding rates. The seed rate charts are based on cleaned, untreated seed of average size and test weight.
4.1. Time of sowing by seed treatment 41 4.2. Cultivar by seed treatment 49 4.3. Time of harvest by seed treatment 57 4.4. Experimental treatment 60 5.0. Discussion 5.1. Time of sowing by seed treatment 64 5.2. Cultivar by seed treatment 68 5.3. Time of harvest by seed treatment 72 5.4. Expe
Medium Seed Rate – 5 seeds/ft2 or 2.5 lbs/acre High Seed Rate – 10 seeds/ft2 or 5 lbs/acre Seeding Date: May 28th, 2019 Fertilizer: 140-50-15-30 Results 2 aa - ga s e s eeg ae Singulation Low Seed Rate Volumetric Low Seed Rate Singulation Medium Seed Rate Volumetric Medium Seed Rate Singulation High Seed
Certified Blue Label seed ready for delivery to Irish farmers Sample of each seed lot sown in 'post-control' plots at Backweston Certified sales reported to PVDO, royalties paid to plant breeders dvisory port seed lot by DAFF Samples of dried seed tested by DAFF for a. Germination and Purity b. Seed borne diseases Seed grain carefully stored
Fertilizer Requirement: Fertilize production fields at a rate of 300 lb/acre of 8-24-24. For wildlife and critical area mixtures, plant seed at 10 lb/acre. Management Seed Production: Natural reseeding from previous year’s seed crop, combined with hard seed will probab
Keywords --- algae, o pen ponds, CNG, renewable, methane, anaerobic digestion. I. INTRODUCTION Algae are a diverse group of autotrophic organisms that are naturally growing and renewable. Algae are a good source of energy from which bio -fuel can be profitably extracted [1].Owing to the energy crisis and the fuel prices, we are in an urge to find an alternative fuel that is environmentally .
