ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016

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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013)Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix KVentilationfor AcceptableIndoor Air QualitySee Appendix K for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and the American National Standards Institute.This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. The change submittal form,instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paperform from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from theASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (fororders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAEISSN 1041-2336

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1Cognizant TC: 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and InfiltrationSPLS Liaison 2011–2013: Steven J. EmmerichSPLS Liaison 2013–2016: John F. DunlapASHRAE Staff Liaison: Mark WeberHoy R. Bohanon, Jr., Chair (2015–2016)Co-Vice Chair (2014–2015)Roger L. Hedrick, Chair (2013–2015)Hamid Habibi, Vice-Chair (2015–2016)Wayne R. Thomann, Co-Vice Chair (2013–2015)Hugo O. AguilarGary L. BerlinGregory BrunnerMark P. ButtnerGustavo G. ChavesEric ChenJames K. ChisholmWaller S. ClementsLeonard A. DamianoAbdel K. DarwichHelen D. DavisPaul L. DoppelFrancis J. Fisher, Jr.Kevin B. GallenGregg GressBrian J. HafendorferDonald C. HerrmannNathan L. HoTianzhen HongElliott HornerGregg GressEli P. Howard, IIIBashar MadaniJohn K. McFarlandMolly E. McGuireStephany I. MasonWayne E. MorrisAdam S. MuliawanKashif NawazJohn Nelson, Jr.Jianlei NiuJonathan W. W. OlsenLaura G. Petrillo-GrohLisa J. RogersDuane P. RothsteinChandra SekharCharles J. SeyfferHarris M. SheinmanJeffrey K. SmithKirk J. StacheDennis A. StankeW. Brad M. StanleyErica StewartPawel WargockiJosiah WileyScott D. WilliamsMarwa ZaatariASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2015–2016Douglass T. Reindl, ChairRita M. Harrold, Vice-ChairJames D. AsweganNiels BidstrupDonald M. BrundageJohn A. ClarkWaller S. ClementsJohn F. DunlapJames W. Earley, Jr.Keith I. EmersonSteven J. EmmerichJulie M. FergusonWalter T. GrondzikRoger L. HedrickSrinivas KatipamulaRick A. LarsonLawrence C. MarkelArsen K. MelikovMark P. ModeraCyrus H. NasseriHeather L. PlattDavid RobinPeter SimmondsDennis A. StankeWayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Jack H. ZarourJulia A. Keen, BOD ExOJames K. Vallort, COStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directlyand materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdictionmakes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committee Chair andVice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subjectarea of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices.However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated inaccordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safepractices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide theindustry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product hasbeen approved by ASHRAE.

CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016,Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air QualitySECTIONPAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope .33 Definitions .34 Outdoor Air Quality.55 Systems and Equipment .56 Procedures.117 Construction and System Start-Up.198 Operations and Maintenance .219 References.21Normative Appendix A: Multiple-Zone Systems .24Normative Appendix B: Separation of Exhaust Outlets and Outdoor Air Intakes.27Informative Appendix C: Summary of Selected Air Quality Guidelines .29Informative Appendix D: Rationale for Minimum Physiological Requirements for Respiration AirBased on CO2 Concentration .40Informative Appendix E: Acceptable Mass Balance Equations for Use with the IAQ Procedure .42Informative Appendix F: Information on Selected National Standards and Guidelines forPM10, PM2.5, and Ozone .44Informative Appendix G: Application and Compliance .45Informative Appendix H: Documentation.47Informative Appendix I: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .50Informative Appendix J: Informative References.51Informative Appendix K: Addenda Description Information.52NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)some significant updates, but the changes primarily focusedon usability and clarity.The 2016 edition revises and improves the standard inseveral ways. Scope was changed to remove residential occupancies from 62.1 with a concurrent change in 62.2 to add allresidential spaces. Significant changes include the following: FOREWORDThe 2016 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 combines Standard 62.1-2013 and the fourteen approved andpublished addenda to the 2013 edition. Specific informationon the contents of each addendum and approval dates foraddenda are included in Informative Appendix K.First published in 1973 as Standard 62, Standard 62.1 isupdated on a regular basis using ASHRAE’s continuousmaintenance procedures. Addenda are publicly reviewed,approved by ASHRAE and ANSI, and published as a supplement at approximately 18 months. The complete collection ofaddenda to the standard are incorporated into the currentedition and published as a new edition every three years.Standard 62.1 has undergone key changes over the years,reflecting the ever-expanding body of knowledge, experience,and research related to ventilation and air quality. While thepurpose of the standard remains unchanged—to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provideindoor air quality (IAQ) that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects—the means ofachieving this goal have evolved. In its first edition, the standard adopted a prescriptive approach to ventilation by specifying both minimum and recommended outdoor airflow ratesto obtain acceptable indoor air quality for a variety of indoorspaces. In its 1981 edition, the standard reduced minimumoutdoor airflow rates and introduced an alternative performance-based approach, the Indoor Air Quality Procedure,which allowed for the calculation of the amount of outdoorair necessary to maintain the levels of indoor air contaminants below recommended limits. Today, the standardincludes three procedures for ventilation design, the IAQ Procedure, the Ventilation Rate Procedure, and the Natural Ventilation Procedure.In its 1989 edition, in response to a growing number ofbuildings with apparent indoor air quality problems, the standard increased minimum outdoor airflow rates significantlyand introduced a requirement for finding outdoor air intakeflow requirements for multiple-zone recirculating systems.The 1999 and 2001 editions made several minor changesand clarifications that did not impact the minimum requiredoutdoor airflow rates. The 2004 edition—the last time thestandard was revised in its entirety—modified the IAQ Procedure to improve enforceability, but more significantly it modified the Ventilation Rate Procedure, changing both theminimum outdoor airflow rates and the procedures for calculating both zone-level and system-level outdoor airflow rates.The 2007, 2010, and 2013 editions of the standard provided2 Previously, Standard 62.1 had responsibility for multifamily residential buildings that are 4 stories or more.Now the dwelling units themselves are covered by Standard 62.2 regardless of building height, while commonareas are covered by Standard 62.1.The definition of “environmental tobacco smoke” (ETS)was revised to include emissions from electronic smokingdevices and from smoking of cannabis.Operations and maintenance requirements were revisedto closer align with the requirements in ASHRAE/ACCAStandard 180-2012.Requirements were added to the Indoor Air Quality Procedure for determining minimum ventilation rates byincluding consideration of the combined effects of multiple contaminants of concern on individual organ systems.Laboratory exhaust continues to be assigned a default ofAir Class 4, but the change explicitly allows a responsible EH&S professional to determine that a lower airclass is appropriate for particular systems.Ventilation is allowed to be reduced to zero through theuse of occupancy sensors (not through contaminant orCO2 measurements) for spaces of selected occupancytypes, provided that ventilation is restored to Vbz whenever occupancy is detected. Changes in language related to demand control ventilation remove the assumption that the standard is intendedto be used only for calculations for code review and notphysical operation.For more specific information on these changes and onother revisions made to the standard by other addenda, referto Informative Appendix K. Users of the standard are encouraged to use the continuous maintenance procedure to suggestchanges for further improvements.A form for submitting change proposals is included in theback of the standard. The project committee for Standard 62.1will take formal action on all change proposals received.1. PURPOSE1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoorair quality that is acceptable to human occupants and thatminimizes adverse health effects.1.2 This standard is intended for regulatory application tonew buildings, additions to existing buildings, and thosechanges to existing buildings that are identified in the body ofthe standard.1.3 This standard is intended to be used to guide the improvement of indoor air quality in existing buildings.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016

2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to spaces intended for human occupancy within buildings except those within dwelling units inresidential occupancies in which occupants are nontransient.2.2 This standard defines requirements for ventilation andair-cleaning-system design, installation, commissioning, andoperation and maintenance.2.3 Additional requirements for laboratory, industrial, healthcare, and other spaces may be dictated by workplace andother standards, as well as by the processes occurring withinthe space.air, ambient: the air surrounding a building; the source ofoutdoor air brought into a building.air, exhaust: air removed from a space and discharged to outside the building by means of mechanical or natural ventilation systems.air, indoor: the air in an enclosed occupiable space.air, makeup: any combination of outdoor and transfer airintended to replace exhaust air and exfiltration.air, outdoor: ambient air and ambient air that enters a building through a ventilation system, through intentional openings for natural ventilation, or by infiltration.2.4 Although the standard may be applied to both new andexisting buildings, the provisions of this standard are notintended to be applied retroactively when the standard is usedas a mandatory regulation or code.air, primary: air supplied to the ventilation zone prior to mixing with any locally recirculated air.2.5 This standard does not prescribe specific ventilation raterequirements for spaces that contain smoking or that do notmeet the requirements in the standard for separation fromspaces that contain smoking.air, return: air removed from a space to be recirculated orexhausted.2.6 Ventilation requirements of this standard are based onchemical, physical, and biological contaminants that canaffect air quality.2.7 Consideration or control of thermal comfort is notincluded.2.8 This standard contains requirements, in addition to ventilation, related to certain sources, including outdoor air, construction processes, moisture, and biological growth.2.9 Acceptable indoor air quality may not be achieved in allbuildings meeting the requirements of this standard for one ormore of the following reasons:a. Because of the diversity of sources and contaminants inindoor airb. Because of the many other factors that may affect occupant perception and acceptance of indoor air quality, suchas air temperature, humidity, noise, lighting, and psychological stressc. Because of the range of susceptibility in the populationd. Because outdoor air brought into the building may beunacceptable or may not be adequately cleaned3. DEFINITIONS (SEE FIGURE 3.1)acceptable indoor air quality: air in which there are noknown contaminants at harmful concentrations as determinedby cognizant authorities and with which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.air-cleaning system: a device or combination of devicesapplied to reduce the concentration of airborne contaminantssuch as microorganisms, dusts, fumes, respirable particles,other particulate matter, gases, vapors, or any combinationthereof.air conditioning: the process of treating air to meet therequirements of a conditioned space by controlling its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016air, recirculated: air removed from a space and reused as supply air.air, supply: air delivered by mechanical or natural ventilationto a space and composed of any combination of outdoor air,recirculated air, or transfer air.air, transfer: air mo1ved from one indoor space to another.air, ventilation: that portion of supply air that is outdoor airplus any recirculated air that has been treated for the purposeof maintaining acceptable indoor air quality.breathing zone: the region within an occupied spacebetween planes 3 and 72 in. (75 and 1800 mm) above thefloor and more than 2 ft (600 mm) from the walls or fixedair-conditioning equipment.cognizant authority: an agency or organization that has theexpertise and jurisdiction to establish and regulate concentration limits for airborne contaminants, or an agency or organization that is recognized as authoritative and has the scopeand expertise to establish guidelines, limit values, or concentrations levels for airborne contaminants.concentration: the quantity of one constituent dispersed in adefined amount of another.conditioned space: that part of a building that is heated orcooled, or both, for the comfort of occupants.contaminant: an unwanted airborne constituent with thepotential to reduce acceptability of the air.contaminant mixture: two or more contaminants that targetthe same organ system.demand-controlled ventilation (DCV): any means by whichthe breathing zone outdoor airflow (Vbz) can be varied to theoccupied space or s

Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix K Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality See Appendix K for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and the Amer-ican National Standards Institute. This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has established a .

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