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Working Paper Series No. 60ICRISAT Research ProgramMarkets, Institutions and PoliciesGrain Legumes Production,Consumption and Trade Trends inDeveloping CountriesAbout ICRISATThe International Crops ResearchInstitute for the Semi-AridTropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit,non-political organization thatconducts agricultural research fordevelopment in Asia and sub-SaharanAfrica with a wide array of partnersthroughout the world. Covering 6.5million square kilometers of land in55 countries, the semi-arid tropicshave over 2 billion people, of whom644 million are the poorest of thepoor. ICRISAT innovations help thedryland poor move from poverty toprosperity by harnessing marketswhile managing risks – a strategycalled Inclusive Market-OrientedDevelopment (IMOD).ICRISAT is headquartered inPatancheru, Telangana, India, withtwo regional hubs and six countryoffices in sub-Saharan Africa. It is amember of the CGIAR Consortium.CGIAR is a global researchpartnership for a food secure future.About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.orgS Nedumaran, P Abinaya, P Jyosthnaa, B Shraavya, Parthasarathy Raoand Cynthia BantilanICRISAT is a memberof the CGIAR ConsortiumScience with a human faceICRISAT-India (Headquarters)Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, IndiaTel: 91 40 30713071Fax: 91 40 30713074icrisat@cgiar.orgICRISAT-Liaison OfficeCG Centers Block, NASC Complex,DP Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaTel: 91 11 32472306 to 08Fax: 91 11 25841294ICRISAT-Mali (Regional hub WCA)BP 320, Bamako, MaliTel: 223 20 709200, Fax: 223 20 709201icrisat-w-mali@cgiar.orgICRISAT-EthiopiaC/o ILRI Campus, PO Box 5689Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTel: 251-11 617 2541Fax: 251-11 646 1252/646 4645icrisat-addis@cgiar.orgICRISAT-NigerBP 12404, Niamey, Niger (Via Paris)Tel: 227 20722529, 20722725Fax: 227 20734329icrisatsc@cgiar.orgICRISAT-MozambiqueC/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698Caixa Postal 1906, Maputo, MozambiqueTel: 258 21 461657,Fax: 258 21 461581icrisatmoz@panintra.comICRISAT-Kenya (Regional hub ESA)PO Box 39063, Nairobi, KenyaTel: 254 20 7224550Fax: 254 20 7224001icrisat-nairobi@cgiar.orgICRISAT- NigeriaPMB 3491, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road,Tarauni, Kano, NigeriaTel: 234 7034889836, 8054320384, 234 edze Agricultural Research StationPO Box 1096, Lilongwe, MalawiTel: 265 1 707297, 071, 067, 057Fax: 265 1 pos Research StationPO Box 776, Bulawayo, ZimbabweTel: 263 383 311 to 15,Fax: 263 383 307icrisatzw@cgiar.orgICRISAT’s scientific information: EXPLOREit.icrisat.orgDG’s Journal: dgblog.icrisat.orgXXX-2015Science with a human face

Citation: Nedumaran S, Abinaya P, Jyosthnaa P, Shraavya B, Parthasarathy Rao and Cynthia Bantilan.2015. Grain Legumes Production, Consumption and Trade Trends in Developing Countries. WorkingPaper Series No 60. ICRISAT Research Program, Markets, Institutions and Policies. Patancheru502 324, Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 64 pp.AcknowledgementThis work was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes led by theInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Funding support for thisstudy was provided by the the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (GL); and CGIAR ResearchProgram on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM). Financial support by CRPs Grain Legumes andPolicies, Institutions and Markets are gratefully acknowledged. This working paper has gone throughthe standard peer-review procedure of ICRISAT. The authors would like to thank Drs Alene Arega, IITA;Ousmane coulibaly, IITA; Ernid Katungi, CIAT; Jupiter Ndjeunga, ICRISAT; Kai Mausch, ICRISAT; andRomeo Mensah, ICRISAT for their valuable comments. We also acknowledge the valuable assistanceof the ICRISAT editing team.DisclaimerThe opinions expressed here belong to the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of ICRISAT,GL, PIM or CGIAR. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2015. All rights reserved.ICRISAT holds the copyright to its publications, but these can be shared and duplicated for non-commercialpurposes. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part(s) or all of any publication for non-commercial use ishereby granted as long as ICRISAT is properly cited. For any clarification, please contact the Director of StrategicMarketing and Communication at icrisat@cgiar.org. ICRISAT’s name and logo are registered trademarks and may notbe used without permission. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice.

Working Paper Series No. 60ICRISAT Research ProgramMarkets, Institutions and PoliciesGrain Legumes Production, Consumption and TradeTrends in Developing CountriesS Nedumaran, P Abinaya, P Jyosthnaa, B Shraavya, Parthasarathy Raoand Cynthia BantilanThis work hasbeen undertakenas part of theThis work hasbeen undertakenas part of theScience with a human face2015

About the authorsS NedumaranScientist (Economics), Research Program on Markets, institutions and Policies,ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, IndiaP AbinayaFormer Scientific Officer, Research Program on Markets, institutions andPolicies, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, IndiaP JyosthnaaScientific Officer, Research Program on Markets, institutions and Policies,ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, IndiaB ShraavyaFormer Scientific Officer, Research Program on Markets, institutions andPolicies, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, IndiaParthasarathy RaoFormer Assistant Program Director, Research Program on Markets, Institutionsand Policies, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, IndiaCynthia BantilanResearch Program Director-Markets, Institutions and Policies, ICRISAT,Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India

ContentsIntroduction. 1Data and Methods. 2Grain legume crops area, yield and production: global context. 2Dry bean . 4Area, production and yield. 4Producer prices. 6Trade. 7Consumption. 7Chickpea. 8Area, production and yield. 8Producer prices. 10Trade. 11Consumption. 11Cowpea. 12Area, production and yield trends. 13Producer prices. 14Trade. 14Consumption. 14Pigeonpea. 16Area, production and yield. 16Producer prices. 17Trade. 18Consumption. 18Lentil. 19Area, production and yield. 19Producer prices. 21Trade. 22Consumption. 22Faba bean. 23Area, production and yield. 23Producer prices. 25Trade. 25Consumption. 26Soybean . 27Area, production and yield trends. 27

Producer prices. 29Trade. 29Consumption. 30Groundnut . 31Area, production and yield. 31Producer prices. 33Trade. 33Consumption. 34Summary and Conclusion. 36References. 37Appendix . 38Export and import quantities of legumes across regions. 50Consumption and production trends across regions . 52List of TablesTable 1. Global legumes area, production and yield.3Table 2. Dry bean area, yield and production.5Table 3. Chickpea area, yield and production.9Table 4. Cowpea area, yield and production .13Table 5. Pigeonpea area, yield and production.16Table6. Lentil area, yield and production.20Table 7. Trends in faba bean area, production and yield.24Table 8. Soybean area, yield and production .28Table 9. Groundnut area, yield and production.32Appendix 1. List of countries included in regional analysis as defined by FAO.38Table A.2. Per capita availability of legumes- average, growth rate and variation between1980 and 2009 across world regions.40Table A.3. Dry bean area,production and yield across countries.42Table A.4. Chickpea area, production and yield across countries.43Table A.5. Cowpea area, production and yield across countries.44Table A.6. Pigeonpea area, production and yield across countries.45Table A.7. Lentil area, production and yield across countries.46Table A.8. Trends in faba bean area, production and yield across countries.47Table A.9. Soybean area, production and yield across countries.48iv

Table A.10. Groundnut area, production and yield across countries.49Table A.11. Dry bean export and import quantity across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).50Table A.12. Chickpea export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).50Table A.13. Cowpea export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).50Table A.14. Pigeonpea export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).50Table A. 15. Lentil export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).51Table A 16. Faba bean export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).51Table A 17. Soybean export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).51Table A.18. Groundnut export and import across regions in 1980–82 and 2007–09 (‘000 tons).51FiguresFigure 1. Area shares (in %) of legumes in the developing world in 2008–10. 4Figure 2. Area shares (in %) of legumes in the developed world in 2008–10. 4Figure 3. Trends in Dry bean producer prices across regions. 6Figure 4. Trade in Dry bean across regions. 7Figure 5. Trends in dry bean per capita availability across regions. 8Figure 6. Trends in Chickpea producer prices across regions. 10Figure 7. Trade in Chickpea across regions. 11Figure 8. Trends in per capita availability of chickpea across regions. 12Figure 9. Trade in cowpea across regions. 15Figure 10. Trends in per capita availability of cowpea across regions. 15Figure 11. Trends in pigeonpea producer prices across regions. 17Figure 12. Trade in pigeonpea across regions. 18Figure 13. Trends in per capita availability of pigeonpea across regions. 19Figure 14. Trends in lentil producer prices across regions. 21Figure 15. Trade in lentil across regions. 22Figure 16. Trends in per capita availability of lentil across regions. 23Figure 17. Trends in faba bean producer prices across regions. 25Figure 18. Trade in faba bean across regions. 26Figure 19. Trends in faba bean per capita availability across regions. 27v

Figure 20. Trends in soybean producer prices across regions. 29Figure 21. Trade in soybean across regions. 30Figure22. Trends in per capita availability of soybean across regions. 31Figure 23. Trends in groundnut producer prices across regions. 34Figure 24. Trade in groundnut across regions. 35Figure 25. Trends in per capita availability of groundnut across regions. 35Figure A.1. Trends in dry bean consumption and production in Central and East Asia. 52Figure A.2. Trends in dry bean consumption and production in Latin America and Caribbean. 52Figure A.3. Trends in

Introduction Grain legumes play an important nutritional role in the diet of millions of people in the developing countries and are thus sometimes referred to as the poor man’s meat. Since legumes are vital legumes. 1. Trade Consumption. Trade. 20. Countries. Countries (%) Working Paper Series No. 60

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