Improving Liquid Slug Recovery In Plunger Assisted .

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Paper ID:20100181Improving Liquid Slug recovery in Plunger Assisted intermittentgas lift wells through Transient Modeling.Rajeev Bansal, H Duara , Rajan Jairam, V B RaoInstitute of Oil & Gas Production Technology, ONGC Phase-II, Panvel , Navi Mumbai,IndiaE-mail: bansal rajeev@ ongc.co.inAbstract: Geleki field is a solution gas driven reservoir. As the reservoir pressure declined,continuous gas lift was replaced by intermittent gas lift to keep the injection GLR within economiclimits. In intermittent gas lift the injected gas expands and penetrates the body of the oil slug as ittravels upward, causing fluid fall back. The fluid fall back is to the extent of 5 to 7 percent of thestarting slug volume per thousand feet of lift. Thus deeper the wells, greater is the fluid fall back,resulting in less liquid slug recovery. Plunger lift a cyclic method of production similar to that ofintermittent gas lift operation minimizes the liquid fall-back and reduces injection GLR. Frequencyof plunger can then be regulated and optimized with the proper tuning of intermittent gas injectionand plunger operation. It is a challenge to keep the Plunger lift optimized under dynamic fieldoperating scenarios. In this paper the Plunger assisted intermittent gas lift well has been modeledand analyzed for different parameters. The effect of injection gas rate, wall friction, well deviationand plunger weight on plunger travel has been studied. The conclusions derived will help inoptimizing lift and give an insight in proper designing of plunger lift.

Paper ID : 20100182NEW INITIATIVE IN DRILLING DEPLETED LOW PRESSUREHORIZON USING FOAM AIDED POLYMER-POLYOL NDDFAPPA RAO,A and Dr A.K.PANDEYONGC, RAJAHMUNDRY, INDIAEmail : anipindi ar@yahoo.comAbstract: THE PAPER ADDRESSES THE CASE HISTORY OF DRILLING A SUBHYDROSTAIC PRESSURED PAY ZONE OF THE PASARLAPUDI STRUCTURE IN KRISHNAGODAVARI BASIN FOR EXPLOITATION OF SAND-16. FOR A LONG THE PROPOSAL TODRILL THE LOCATION'PSDL' HAS BEEN KEPT IN ABEYANCE FOR WANT OF SUITABLETECHNOLOGY. VARIOUS OPTIONS LIKE USE OF HOLLOW GLASS MICRO SPHERES,SOBM, TWO PHASE FOAM / AERATED MUD SYSTEMS WERE CONSIDERED. KEEPING INVIEW OF TECHNO ECONOMIICS AND FEASIBILITY , IT WAS DECIDED TO USE FOAMAIDED NON DAMAGING DRILLING FLUID. THE TASK HAS BEEN METICULOUSLYTAILORED TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED OBJECTIVE OF MAINTAINING THE SPECIFICGRAVITY OF THE DRILLING FLUID IN THE RANGE OF 0.90-1.00, USING THE FOAM AIDEDMUD SYSTEM.PILOT TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON FOAM AIDED MUD SYSTEM TOMAKE IT FIT FOR THE PURPOSE , AND THE RESULTS WERE ENCOURAGING PAVING THEWAY FOR SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF THE SAME AT THE LOCATION 'PSDL' OFPASARLAPUDI STRUCTURE, WHERE IN PRESSURES PREDICTED WERE SUBHYDROSTATIC.THE CANDIDATE WELL WAS PLANNED TO BE A 'S' PROFILE DIRECTIONALWELL WITH 4 CASING POLICY ISOLATING THE LOSS PRONE ZONE (BHIMANAPALLIFORMATION)IN THE III PHASE THUS LEAVING SELECTIVELY LOW PRESSURED PAYZONE IN THE FINAL PHASE. THE BASE NDDF WAS PREPARED IN KCL BRINE WITHPREGELATANISED STARCH, XANTHAM GUM , POLYANIONIC CELLULOSE AND POLYGLYCEROL. SUITABLE FAOMING AGENT WAS ADDED OF REQUISITE QUANTITY. FOAMWAS GENERATED BY INTRODUCING AIR THROUGH HOPPERS AND STABLE STATE OFFOAM WAS ACHIEVED THROUGH RIGOROUS GUNNING/AGITATION AND OCCASSIONALMIXING OF DRY POLYMERS TO WITHSATAND THE DRASTIC CONDITIONS OF DRILLING.THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE CIRCULATING FLUID WAS STABLE IN THE RANGE OF0.98-1.03 AT SURFACE. DRILLING PERFORMANCE WAS QUITE REMARKABLE WITHIMPROVED DRILLIING PENETRATION RATES, GAUZED HOLE AND EXCELLENT CEMENTBOND. THE WELL WAS ACTIVED ON FIRST COMPRESSOR APPLICATION PRODUCINGGAS

Paper ID : 20100183SIMULATE GAS SWEETENING UNITS FOR OIL & GASINDUSTRYUSING MASS TRANSFER RATE BASED MODELSAnirban Pandit, Rohit P. Kulkarni,Larsen & Toubro Limited, Vadodara, India.Email : anirbanpandit@lntenc.comAbstract: The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas,LPG or sour gas treatment units using alkanolamines is practiced extensively in the oil and gasindustries. The design of acid gas-amine contactors are often based on equilibrium stage models.These models assume that vapor and liquid phases attain thermodynamic equilibrium and thendesign engineers resort to correction factors such as tray efficiency or HETP to account for anydeparture from equilibrium. A further advancement in this direction includes empirical modelling ofreaction kinetics using an adjustable parameter (H2S and CO2 tray efficiencies and/or liquidresidence times), that forces the simulation to reproduce a treated gas composition. However, themodel prediction viz. CO2 slip may deviate when the amine sweetening unit is put in actualoperation and the treated gas may not meet the desired product specifications. This could beavoided at the design development stage only using the robust non-equilibrium stage masstransfer rate based models. These models include additional transport equations i.e. i) soluteequilibrium across interfaces, ii) the effect of chemical kinetics on mass transfer rates, particularlyin the liquid phase, and iii) mass and heat transfer rate models for transport across interfaces.Thus, it is possible to capture the actual performance of the columns. The present work brings outthe superiorly of these models over the equilibrium stage models using the actual simulation casestudies with Hydrocarbon-H2S-CO2-MDEA system.

Paper Id. 20100184POWER SOLUTION TO OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS USINGTIDALENERGY : A FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR ONGCShashank Patil , C . JagdeesOil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited ( ONGC) Infocom-RO, 6th Floor, VasudharaBhavan,Bandra (East ), Mumbai – 400 017, Maharashtra, INDIAEmail : patil sp@ongc.co.inAbstract: This paper tries to look into the feasibility of harnessing tidal energy to meet the powerrequirement at offshore fixed installations existing in ONGC's western offshore. ONGC's offshoreproduction in Bombay High is carried out with 11 process complexes, two converted processplatforms and 163 associated unmanned platforms. In process complexes, power requirement ismet through gas turbines, each with average capacity of 12 MW. The power requirement forutilities varies from 0.5 MW to 2 MW. The average requirement at an unmanned platform is about3500 Watts. How much of this can be contributed by tidal energy is the case of study in thispaper. Tidal energy is generated by the relative motion of Earth, Sun and Moon which interact viagravitational forces. Electricity generation is done by installing a tidal energy generator. Atoffshore, sea tides are available and can be harnessed adjacent to the offshore productioninstallations to feed to the power grid. The power available from a tidal system is a function ofturbine efficiency, density of the water, sweep area of the turbine and the velocity of the tidal flow.This type of marine tidal generator is in use at Portugal, Ireland and England. Based on theabove, a feasibility analysis is attempted regarding deployment of tidal energy turbines at theseoffshore installations to meet the partial requirement of power or as an alternate source, so thatgas turbine capacity can be scaled down and provide renewable energy with minimalenvironmental hazard. As the technology is still in its infancy, modifications could be incorporatedto install efficient systems in a more cost-effective manner in the future.

Paper ID : 20100190Heat flow inferred from base of gas hydrate stability field on thecontinental margin of IndiaUma Shankar1, Michael Riedel2, A. V. Sathe31. National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad – 500007, India(Council ofScientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi).2. Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Geoscience Center, Geological Survey of Canada,9860W. Saanich Rd. Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2, Canada.3. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., KDM Inst. Of Petroleum Exploration, 9 KaulagarhRoad, Dehradun 248195, India.Email : umashankar ngri@yahoo.comAbstract: The Base of gas hydrate stability field representing the bottom simulating reflector areobserved over a very close grid of multichannel seismic profiles in the Krishna Godavari Basin ofeastern continental margin of India. The data reveals that gas hydrate occurs in the KrishnaGodavari Basin at places where water depths exceed 750 m. The thickness of the gas hydratestability field inferred from the bottom simulating reflector on seismic section ranges from 125 mto 260 m. Geothermal gradients were determined from the depth of the bottom simulatingreflector, that is interpreted to mark the thermally controlled base of a gas hydrate layer. Groundtruth for the assessment and thermal constraints were provided by downhole measurementsobtained during the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-01at various sites in KrishnaGodavari Basin. A simple conductive model is used to deduce heat flow from the depth of thebottom simulating reflector, utilizing the seismic data and borehole information. A regional bottomsimulating reflector derived heat flow trend is observed, in which heat flow increasing towardsdeep sea across the basin. Consistent local variations were also observed with low heat flowvalues over prominent topographic highs and high heat flow values over the flanks of thetopographic highs. This variation may be due to focusing and defocusing effects of thetopography alone, and indicates the importance of carrying out topographic corrections to heatflow in this region. However, local heat flow patterns may be due to dynamic effects, including thedisplacement of isotherms by faulting and the upward migration of fluids. Geothermal modeling ofobserved bottom simulating reflector shows a close match with the base of gas hydrate stabilitydepths.

Paper ID : 20100191Cost Effective Solutions for Field Development: San CristobalField,Petrolera Indovenezolana, VenezuelaP G SudhakaranDiógenes Lugo, Petrolera Indovenezolana, PDVSA, El Tigre, VenezuelaEmail : sudhakaranp@pdvsa.comAbstract: Petrolera Indovenezolana is a joint venture of OVL with PDVSA, Venezuela producingabout 33,000 BOPD heavy oil from San Cristobal field, situated in the Orinoco Heavy Oil belt. Theproduction is from 44 horizontal wells drilled from 6 clusters spread over the filed. Theapproximate area of the field is about 160 sq KM. The development of the field so far has beenvery cost effective and with minimum facilities which we could adopt for cost effectivedevelopment. Currently the wells completed with progressive cavity pumps connected to sixclusters with bare minimum facilities and a well fluid line to a main cluster or minimum processingfacility station. Instead of the conventional Manifold use of Multi port valves which can connect upto 6 wells,two phase seperation, third phase being seperated at an existing facility at a distane of32 KM, use of multi phase pumps to reduce back pressure, use of SCADA for monitoring of wells,disposal of produced water through disposal wells with minimum treatment,etc. Result of all thesehas resulted in a per barrel production cost of less than 2 USD. Adopting such innovative andcost effective solutions can go a long way in monetising some of the marginal fields which areawaiting Development.

Paper ID : 20100193Solar Thermal Absorption Cooling Systems- A Case Study ofONGCJaisalmerAshish JainChief Engineer(E), Drilling Services, ONGC Tripura Asset, Agartala, IndiaEmail : ashish 34@yahoo.comAbstract: A climate crisis is inevitable unless all countries limit carbon emissions in the nearfuture. This will only happen if low-carbon technologies become cost competitive, becausesubsidies for clean technology cannot sustain it in the long term. Success will require focusing onstrategic investments that create a market cost advantage for clean power. This paper focuses ona leading investment candidate, solar thermal or concentrating solar power (CSP), a technologythat uses direct sunlight and mirrors for chilling requirements. Under adequate conditions, solarand solar-assisted air conditioning systems can be reasonable alternatives to conventional airconditioning systems. Such systems ha

of plunger can then be regulated and optimized with the proper tuning of intermittent gas injection and plunger operation. It is a challenge to keep the Plunger lift optimized under dynamic field operating scenarios. In this paper the Plunger assisted intermittent gas lift wel

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