PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016130 STAT. 675Public Law 114–195114th CongressAn ActTo authorize a comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign assistanceto developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve food andnutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable, agricultural-led economicgrowth, improve nutritional outcomes, especially for women and children, buildresilience among vulnerable populations, and for other purposes.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives ofthe United States of America in Congress assembled,SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Food Security Act of2016’’.dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWSSEC. 2. FINDINGS.July 20, 2016[S. 1252]Global FoodSecurity Actof 2016.22 USC 9301note.22 USC 9301.Congress makes the following findings:(1) According to the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations (referred to in this section as the ‘‘FAO’’),805,000,000 people worldwide suffer from chronic hunger.Hunger and malnutrition rob people of health and productivelives and stunt the mental and physical development of futuregenerations.(2) According to the January 2014 ‘‘Worldwide ThreatAssessment of the US Intelligence Community’’—(A) the ‘‘[l]ack of adequate food will be a destabilizingfactor in countries important to US national security thatdo not have the financial or technical abilities to solvetheir internal food security problems’’; and(B) ‘‘[f]ood and nutrition insecurity in weakly governedcountries might also provide opportunities for insurgentgroups to capitalize on poor conditions, exploit internationalfood aid, and discredit governments for their inability toaddress basic needs’’.(3) A comprehensive approach to sustainable food andnutrition security should not only respond to emergency foodshortages, but should also address malnutrition, resilience tofood and nutrition insecurity, building the capacity of poor,rural populations to improve their agricultural productivityand incomes, removing institutional impediments to agricultural development, value chain access and efficiency, includingprocessing and storage, enhancing agribusiness development,access to markets and activities that address the specific needsand barriers facing women and small-scale producers, education, and collaborative research.VerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00001Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
130 STAT. 67622 USC 9302.PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF CONGRESS.dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWS(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES.—It is in the nationalinterest of the United States to promote global food security, resilience, and nutrition, consistent with national food security investment plans, which is reinforced through programs, activities, andinitiatives that—(1) place food insecure countries on a path toward selfsufficiency and economic freedom through the coordination ofUnited States foreign assistance programs;(2) accelerate inclusive, agricultural-led economic growththat reduces global poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, particularly among women and children;(3) increase the productivity, incomes, and livelihoods ofsmall-scale producers, especially women, by working acrossagricultural value chains, enhancing local capacity to manageagricultural resources effectively and expanding producer accessto local and international markets;(4) build resilience to food shocks among vulnerable populations and households while reducing reliance upon emergencyfood assistance;(5) create an enabling environment for agricultural growthand investment, including through the promotion of secureand transparent property rights;(6) improve the nutritional status of women and children,with a focus on reducing child stunting, including throughthe promotion of highly nutritious foods, diet diversification,and nutritional behaviors that improve maternal and childhealth;(7) demonstrably meet, align with and leverage broaderUnited States strategies and investments in trade, economicgrowth, national security, science and technology, agricultureresearch and extension, maternal and child health, nutrition,and water, sanitation, and hygiene;(8) continue to strengthen partnerships between UnitedStates-based universities, including land-grant colleges, anduniversities and institutions in target countries and communities that build agricultural capacity; and(9) ensure the effective use of United States taxpayer dollars to further these objectives.(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress thatthe President, in providing assistance to implement the GlobalFood Security Strategy, should—(1) coordinate, through a whole-of-government approach,the efforts of relevant Federal departments and agencies toimplement the Global Food Security Strategy;(2) seek to fully utilize the unique capabilities of eachrelevant Federal department and agency while collaboratingwith and leveraging the contributions of other key stakeholders;and(3) utilize open and streamlined solicitations to allow forthe participation of a wide range of implementing partnersthrough the most appropriate procurement mechanisms, whichmay include grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, andother instruments as necessary and appropriate.22 USC 9303.SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.In this Act:VerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00002Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWSPUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016130 STAT. 677(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means—(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Houseof Representatives;(E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and(F) the Committee on Appropriations of the Houseof Representatives.(2) FEED THE FUTURE INNOVATION LABS.—The term ‘‘Feedthe Future Innovation Labs’’ means research partnerships ledby United States universities that advance solutions to reduceglobal hunger, poverty, and malnutrition.(3) FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY.—The term ‘‘food andnutrition security’’ means access to, and availability, utilization,and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritionalneeds for an active and healthy life.(4) GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.—The term ‘‘GlobalFood Security Strategy’’ means the strategy developed andimplemented pursuant to section 5(a).(5) KEY STAKEHOLDERS.—The term ‘‘key stakeholders’’means actors engaged in efforts to advance global food securityprograms and objectives, including—(A) relevant Federal departments and agencies;(B) national and local governments in target countries;(C) other bilateral donors;(D) international and regional organizations;(E) international, regional, and local financial institutions;(F) international, regional, and local private voluntary,nongovernmental, faith-based, and civil society organizations;(G) the private sector, including agribusinesses andrelevant commodities groups;(H) agricultural producers, including farmer organizations, cooperatives, small-scale producers, and women; and(I) agricultural research and academic institutions,including land-grant universities and extension services.(6) MALNUTRITION.—The term ‘‘malnutrition’’ means poornutritional status caused by nutritional deficiency or excess.(7) RELEVANT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.—Theterm ‘‘relevant Federal departments and agencies’’ means theUnited States Agency for International Development, theDepartment of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, theDepartment of State, the Department of the Treasury, theMillennium Challenge Corporation, the Overseas PrivateInvestment Corporation, the Peace Corps, the Office of theUnited States Trade Representative, the United States AfricanDevelopment Foundation, the United States Geological Survey,and any other department or agency specified by the Presidentfor purposes of this section.(8) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘‘resilience’’ means the abilityof people, households, communities, countries, and systems tomitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses toVerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00003Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
130 STAT. 678PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016food security in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerabilityand facilitates inclusive growth.(9) SMALL-SCALE PRODUCER.—The term ‘‘small-scale producer’’ means farmers, pastoralists, foresters, and fishers thathave a low asset base and limited resources, including land,capital, skills and labor, and, in the case of farmers, typicallyfarm on fewer than 5 hectares of land.(10) STUNTING.—The term ‘‘stunting’’ refers to a conditionthat—(A) is measured by a height-to-age ratio that is morethan 2 standard deviations below the median for the population;(B) manifests in children who are younger than 2 yearsof age;(C) is a process that can continue in children afterthey reach 2 years of age, resulting in an individual being‘‘stunted’’;(D) is a sign of chronic malnutrition; and(E) can lead to long-term poor health, delayed motordevelopment, impaired cognitive function, and decreasedimmunity.(11) SUSTAINABLE.—The term ‘‘sustainable’’ means theability of a target country, community, implementing partner,or intended beneficiary to maintain, over time, the programsauthorized and outcomes achieved pursuant to this Act.(12) TARGET COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘target country’’ meansa developing country that is selected to participate in agriculture and nutrition security programs under the Global FoodSecurity Strategy pursuant to the selection criteria describedin section 5(a)(2), including criteria such as the potential foragriculture-led economic growth, government commitment toagricultural investment and policy reform, opportunities forpartnerships and regional synergies, the level of need, andresource availability.President.Coordination.22 USC 9304.dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWSCriteria.VerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.(a) STRATEGY.—The President shall coordinate the developmentand implementation of a United States whole-of-governmentstrategy to accomplish the policy objectives set forth in section3(a), which shall—(1) set specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, timetables, performance metrics, and monitoring and evaluationplans that reflect international best practices relating to transparency, accountability, food and nutrition security, and agriculture-led economic growth, consistent with the policy objectives described in section 3(a);(2) establish clear and transparent selection criteria fortarget countries, communities, regions, and intended beneficiaries of assistance;(3) describe the methodology and criteria for the selectionof target countries;(4) support and be aligned with country-owned agriculture,nutrition, and food security policy and investment plans developed with input from key stakeholders, as appropriate;(5) support inclusive agricultural value chain development,with small-scale producers, especially women, gaining greateraccess to the inputs, skills, resource management capacity,Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00004Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWSPUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016130 STAT. 679networking, bargaining power, financing, and market linkagesneeded to sustain their long-term economic prosperity;(6) support improvement of the nutritional status of womenand children, particularly during the critical first 1,000-daywindow until a child reaches 2 years of age and with a focuson reducing child stunting, through nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs, including related water, sanitation,and hygiene programs;(7) facilitate communication and collaboration, as appropriate, among local stakeholders in support of a multi-sectoralapproach to food and nutrition security, to include analysisof the multiple underlying causes of malnutrition, includinglack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene;(8) support the long-term success of programs by buildingthe capacity of local organizations and institutions in targetcountries and communities;(9) integrate resilience and nutrition strategies into foodsecurity programs, such that chronically vulnerable populationsare better able to build safety nets, secure livelihoods, accessmarkets, and access opportunities for longer-term economicgrowth;(10) develop community and producer resilience to naturaldisasters, emergencies, and natural occurrences that adverselyimpact agricultural yield;(11) harness science, technology, and innovation, includingthe research and extension activities supported by relevantFederal Departments and agencies and Feed the Future Innovation Labs, or any successor entities;(12) integrate agricultural development activities amongfood insecure populations living in proximity to designatednational parks or wildlife areas into wildlife conservationefforts, as necessary and appropriate;(13) leverage resources and expertise through partnershipswith the private sector, farm organizations, cooperatives, civilsociety, faith-based organizations, and agricultural research andacademic institutions;(14) strengthen and expand collaboration between UnitedStates universities, including public, private, and land-grantuniversities, with higher education institutions in target countries to increase their effectiveness and relevance to promoteagricultural development and innovation through the creationof human capital, innovation, and cutting edge science in theagricultural sector;(15) seek to ensure that target countries and communitiesrespect and promote land tenure rights of local communities,particularly those of women and small-scale producers;(16) include criteria and methodologies for graduating target countries and communities from assistance provided toimplement the Global Food Security Strategy as such countriesand communities meet the progress benchmarks identifiedpursuant to section 8(b)(4); and(17) demonstrably support the United States national security and economic interest in the countries where assistanceis being provided.(b) COORDINATION.—The President shall coordinate, througha whole-of-government approach, the efforts of relevant FederalVerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00005Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
130 STAT. 680Deadline.Consultation.President.22 USC 9305.PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016departments and agencies in the implementation of the GlobalFood Security Strategy by—(1) establishing monitoring and evaluation systems, coherence, and coordination across relevant Federal departmentsand agencies;(2) establishing linkages with other initiatives and strategies of relevant Federal departments and agencies; and(3) establishing platforms for regular consultation andcollaboration with key stakeholders and the appropriatecongressional committees.(c) STRATEGY SUBMISSION.—(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than October 1, 2016, the President, in consultation with the head of each relevant Federaldepartment and agency, shall submit to the appropriatecongressional committees the Global Food Security Strategyrequired under this section, including a detailed descriptionof how the United States intends to advance the objectivesset forth in section 3(a) and the agency-specific plans describedin paragraph (2).(2) AGENCY-SPECIFIC PLANS.—The Global Food SecurityStrategy shall include specific implementation plans from eachrelevant Federal department and agency that describes—(A) the anticipated contributions of the departmentor agency, including technical, financial, and in-kind contributions, to implement the Global Food Security Strategy;and(B) the efforts of the department or agency to ensurethat the activities and programs carried out pursuant tothe strategy are designed to achieve maximum impact andlong-term sustainability.SEC. 6. ASSISTANCE TO IMPLEMENT THE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITYSTRATEGY.(a) FOOD SHORTAGES.—The President is authorized to carryout activities pursuant to section 103, section 103A, title XII ofchapter 2 of part I, and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign AssistanceAct of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a, 2151a–1, 2220a et seq., and 2346et seq.) to prevent or address food shortages notwithstanding anyother provision of law.(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorizedto be appropriated to the Secretary of State and the Administratorof the United States Agency for International Development 1,000,600,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018 to carryout those portions of the Global Food Security Strategy that relateto the Department of State and the United States Agency forInternational Development, respectively.(c) MONITORING AND EVALUATION.—The President shall seekto ensure that assistance to implement the Global Food SecurityStrategy is provided under established parameters for a rigorousaccountability system to monitor and evaluate progress and impactof the strategy, including by reporting to the appropriate congressional committees and the public on an annual basis.dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWS22 USC 9306.SEC. 7. EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that—(1) the crisis in Syria, which is characterized by acts ofterrorism and atrocities directed against civilians, includingmass murder, forced displacement, aerial bombardment, ethnicVerDate Sep 11 201415:20 Jul 28, 2016Jkt 059139PO 00195Frm 00006Fmt 6580Sfmt 6581E:\PUBLAW\PUBL195.114PUBL195
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWSPUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016130 STAT. 681and religious persecution, torture, kidnapping, rape and sexualenslavement, has triggered one of the most profound humanitarian crises of this century and poses a direct threat to regionalsecurity and the national security interests of the United States;(2) it is in the national security interests of the UnitedStates to respond to the needs of displaced Syrian personsand the communities hosting such persons, including with foodassistance; and(3) after four years of conflict in Syria and the onset ofother major humanitarian emergencies where, like Syria, theprovision of certain United States humanitarian assistance hasbeen particularly challenging, including the 2013 super-typhoonin the Philippines, the 2014 outbreak of Ebola in west Africa,the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, ongoing humanitarian disastersin Yemen and South Sudan, and the threat of a major ElNino event in 2016, United States international disaster assistance has become severely stressed.(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy of the UnitedStates, in coordination with other donors, regional governments,international organizations, and international financial institutions,to fully leverage, enhance, and expand the impact and reach ofavailable United States humanitarian resources, including for foodassistance, to mitigate the effects of manmade and natural disastersby utilizing innovative new approaches to delivering aid that support affected persons and the communities hosting them, buildresilience and early recovery, and reduce opportunities for waste,fraud, and abuse.(c) AMENDMENTS TO THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.—(1) Section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22U.S.C. 2292) is amended—(A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d);and(B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following newsubsection:‘‘(c) EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.—‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the limitations in section 492,and notwithstanding any other provision of this or any otherAct, the President is authorized to make available emergencyfood assistance, including in the form of funds, transfers,vouc
PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016 130 STAT. 675 Public Law 114–195 114th Congress . FEED THE FUTURE INNOVATION LABS.—The term ‘‘Feed . 130 STAT. 678 PUBLIC LAW 114–195—JULY 20, 2016 food security in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability
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INTRODUCTION TO LAW MODULE - 3 Public Law and Private Law Classification of Law 164 Notes z define Criminal Law; z list the differences between Public and Private Law; and z discuss the role of Judges in shaping Law 12.1 MEANING AND NATURE OF PUBLIC LAW Public Law is that part of law, which governs relationship between the State
129 STAT. 1802 PUBLIC LAW 114-95—DEC. 10, 2015 Public Law 114-95 114th Congress An Act To reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to ensure that every child achieves. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''Every Student Succeeds Act''. SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
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Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile Congressional Research Service 3 Occupation Representatives Senators Law 151 51 Education 80 25 Source: CQ Roll Call Guide to the New Congress and the CQ Roll Call Member Profiles. Notes: Most Members list more than one profession when surveyed by CQ Roll Call, and the professions listed are not necessarily the ones Members practice immediately prior .
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