Version 5.1. A Guide To IBM WebSphere Portal,

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Portal solutionsMay 2005A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal,Version 5.1.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 2Contents2Introduction: The portal vision3IBM WebSphere Portal:A leading-edge portal platform5WebSphere Portal architecture8Portlets10 Portlet applications10 Portlet modes11 The portlet API11 Portlet performanceIntroduction: The portal visionAs a core component of IBM Workplace technology, the front end ofcomputing that strives to make people more productive in the context of thebusiness they do every day, IBM WebSphere Portal for Multiplatforms, Version5.1 helps simplify your organization’s technology infrastructure by offering asingle point of personalized interaction with applications, content, processesand people. To deliver a unified user experience, and an innovative, adaptiveuser environment designed to transform productivity, WebSphere Portal bringstogether a range of leading-edge technologies designed to give you a flexible,open, extensible framework to build successful business-to-employee (B2E),business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) portals.12 Standards13 Portlet cooperation14 Brokered cooperation15 Discoverable services16 Development tools18 Content management20 Document managementThis leading-edge family of products, technologies and solutions enablesyou to customize work environments based on users’ unique roles inyour organization. WebSphere Portal software can help reduce costs byleveraging existing investments in enterprise applications, data and securitytechnology — while you evolve to meet the challenges of today’s on demandbusiness environment.22 Web content management25 Productivity components30 Security41 Personalization44 Cascading authorization for portalcustomizations45 Skins and themes49 WebSphere Portal release builder49 Virtual portals50 Universal access52 Using portlets to administeryour portal64 Collaborative services66 Business process integration andtask management68 Dynamic UI configurations69 IBM WebSphere Commerce69 Mobile portals71 Supporting new devices74 A complete platform forcollaboration and enterpriseapplication integration74 For more informationWebSphere Portal software is an open-standards-based framework supportinga range of options across databases, directories, platforms and security,with portlets serving as a key component. The term portlet refers to a smallportal application, usually depicted as a small box in the Web page. Portletsare reusable components that provide access to enterprise applications,Web-based content, host and data systems, content-management systems, processdriven workflow applications, and other resources. Web pages, Web services,applications and syndicated content feeds can be accessed through portlets.WebSphere Portal software includes pre-integrated portlets, cross-portletintegration for all application types, tools that enable you to create new portletseasily and the ability to construct composite applications to manage businessprocesses and workflow transactions spanning multiple enterprise systems.As a result, WebSphere Portal helps organizations move beyond fragmentedapplication silos while hiding the complexity of the IT infrastructure. Theseadvantages help improve employee productivity and business responsiveness,help cut costs and strengthen relationships with customers and partners.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 3This white paper is intended to help IBM clients, independent softwarevendors (ISVs) and application architects plan their use of WebSphere Portal.It explains a range of WebSphere Portal features, including portal application andintegration capabilities, security, user management, administration, documentmanagement, content publishing, search, personalization, collaboration,and process integration. IBM envisions portals as the key to providing apersonalized, relevant Web experience, enabling users to readily find thepeople, processes and information relevant to their roles — and the abilityto manage the selection and personalization of content to suit theirchanging needs.IBM WebSphere Portal: A leading-edge portal platformWebSphere Portal uses the advantages provided by the IBM WebSpheresoftware platform. The WebSphere software platform delivers standards-basedintegration and infrastructure software to maximize business flexibilityand responsiveness. As Figure 1 shows, the WebSphere software platformis built with services to support scalable, reliable Web applications, withcomponents and technologies that enable you to add extensions to newapplications and processes, and provide integrated collaborative services.Innovative interactionsMaximize the use of your ITinfrastructure to support newbusiness models and reachusers in new ways.Extendyour reachIntegrateyour peopleprocesses andinformationImproved flexibility and speedIncrease your responsivenessby connecting the right peoplewith the right information at theright time.Optimizeyour applicationinfrastructureOperational excellenceImprove your reliability and performance with a proven,secure IT platform.Figure 1. WebSphere software for on demand business

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 4The WebSphere software platform capabilities can be grouped into five areasof functionality.People integrationInteract with information, applications and business processes at any timefrom anywhere to personalize Web-based content and to make it accessibleto any device. WebSphere products, such as WebSphere Portal, fine-tuneyour users’ experiences and provide broad access for your customers,employees, business and trading partners, and remote branch offices.Process integrationOptimize and integrate internal business processes — or even processesthat involve your business partners — to keep them in line with strategic goals.WebSphere offerings such as WebSphere Business Integration ServerFoundation make it easy for your company to implement applications andbusiness processes that can streamline supply chain management (SCM)and help you enable existing processes for the Web.Information integrationAccess and manage information that is typically scattered throughoutthe enterprise and across the value chain. WebSphere offerings such asIBM WebSphere Information Integrator manage storage, organizationand access to structured and unstructured content and data sources acrossgeographical locations.Application integrationHelps ensure reliable and flexible information flow between diverseapplications and organizations. WebSphere software supports standards-basedcommunication protocols and application adapter interfaces, enabling reliableand seamless exchange of data between multiple applications.Application infrastructureBuild, deploy, integrate and enhance new and existing applications.Help ensure a reliable enterprise processing infrastructure, extendlegacy applications and logic and modernize interfaces for use in newWeb environments.WebSphere Portal software provides an extensible framework for interactingwith enterprise applications, content, people and business processes.It includes IBM WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere BusinessIntegration Server Foundation components to support scalable Web applicationserver and business-process integration solutions managed from the portalframework. WebSphere Portal self-service features enable users to personalizeand organize their own view of the portal, to manage their own profile, and topublish and share documents with their colleagues.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 5WebSphere Portal architectureBy integrating key IBM products and technologies, and providing applicationprogramming interfaces (APIs) and extension points for Business Partnersand clients to extend and customize their environments, WebSphere Portal hasbecome the industry’s most comprehensive portal solution, and represents thede facto standard on demand business architecture (see Figure 2).Desktopand mobilebrowsersAuthenticationPage aggregationThemesand skinsTranscodingJSP tionXML accessPortaldatabaseLDAPPortlet container and servicesPortlet API JSR 168ContentaccessWeb hingUser profiledatabaseFigure 2. WebSphere Portal architectureEnterprise data,applications andInternet contentProcesschoreographerThe more fully you integrate and leverage your work environment, the moreyou can embrace on demand business principles. An on demand business is anenterprise where business processes, integrated end to end across the companyand with key partners, suppliers and customers, can respond with speed toalmost any customer demand, market opportunity or external threat. Morethan operational efficiency, on demand business is about building a dynamicinfrastructure that allows you to integrate, modify and leverage existingapplications and processes cost-effectively.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 6As Web-based applications enter the era of on demand business, WebSpherePortal leads the transformation with a variety of capabilities, includingdelegated administration, cascading page layouts and portal federationthrough Web services. It also includes support for standards, advanced portletapplication concepts, process integration, task management and searchservices. Complementary offerings enable enhanced mobile functions, suchas intelligent notification, offline browsing and data synchronization.Other offerings that use the services of the WebSphere Portal foundationplatform are also available. These include IBM Workplace Services Express,a team-collaboration and document-management environment forsmall-to-midsize deployments. Another offering is IBM Workplace Collaboration Services, a solution designed to provide a platform for advancedteam collaboration, messaging and chat services, and activity-explorer,document-management and learning applications. IBM Workplace Collaboration Services provides a choice of client experiences, ranging fromstandard browsers to rich-client applications, and uses a network-orientedapplication deployment model, improving administrative and userimplementation processes. IBM Workplace offerings also include industryspecific solutions that can offer preconfigured capabilities built to supportuser and team productivity, and business-management capabilities, whichtake advantage of supporting WebSphere Portal application-integrationframework services.IBM WebSphere Portal for Multiplatforms, Version 5.1 is available in severaleditions (see Table 1), each designed to provide the infrastructure you needto build and deploy highly scalable portals. All offerings share a commonframework (the portal server), and might share certain products and services.The portal server provides common services, such as application connectivity,integration, administration and presentation that are required across portalenvironments. To get the latest details about supported platforms, systemrequirements and version numbers, visit ibm.com /software/genservers/portal/.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 7IBM WebSphere Portal EnableModelAdvantageIBM WebSphere Portal serverProvides presentation, user management, security and other services for constructing a portal.IBM WebSphere Portalpersonalization engineIncludes advanced personalization technologies to target Web content to meet user needs and preferences.IBM Workplace Web ContentManagement Provides tools for authoring, personalizing and publishing content and documents contributed to the portal.IBM WebSphere Portal DocumentManagerCentralizes document storage, organization and version-management services.Productivity componentsOffers an inline view and edit capabilities designed to support rich text, spreadsheet and presentation content.IBM Tivoli Directory ServerProvides a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server.IBM WebSphere Translation ServerDelivers translation services that enable Web content, e-mail and chat content conversions across languages.IBM Rational ApplicationDeveloperProvides professional developer tools to create, test, debug and deploy portlets, servlets and other assets related to portalsand Web applications.IBM Lotus Collaboration CenterIncludes preconfigured pages and portlets to deliver out-of-the-box portlet access to IBM Lotus Domino and extendedproducts, including IBM Lotus Notes and Domino mail and applications, IBM Lotus Domino Document Manager, IBM LotusInstant Messaging (Sametime ), IBM Lotus Team Workplace (QuickPlace ), and IBM Lotus Web Conferencing Server.Collaborative componentsIncludes Java application programming interfaces (APIs) that provide the building blocks for integrating the functionalityof Domino, Lotus Instant Messaging and Lotus Team Workplace into portals and portlets.WebSphere Portal ExtendAll products in WebSphere PortalEnableIncludes the same portal server and personalization functions as WebSphere Portal Enable.IBM Lotus Extended SearchDelivers parallel, distributed, heterogeneous searching capabilities across Lotus Notes and Domino databases, Microsoft sources, relational database management system (RDBMS) data stores, Web search sites and other sources.IBM Tivoli Web Site AnalyzerAnalyzes Web-site usage logs to reveal information that you can use to improve your portal to provide better user experiences.Lotus Instant MessagingOffers instant messaging, presence awareness and Web-conferencing services.Lotus Team WorkplaceProvides a Web-based solution to create team workspaces for collaboration. Features include discussions, documentcollaborations, and the ability to coordinate plans, tasks and resources.Table 1. WebSphere Portal for Multiplatforms, Version 5.1 product editions

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 8Choosing a WebSphere Portal offering can help you realize tangible businessand technical benefits, including: Improved revenue-generating capabilities as a result of tighter relationships withcustomers or partners, workforce productivity, innovation and reduced cycle times Reduced operational costs as a result of improved operational efficiency,better information flow and knowledge, and a consistent infrastructure Increased employee productivity and improved decision making as a result ofproviding access to more-relevant information and offering a single access point tocollaborative services, applications and processes A better user experience as a result of improved authentication, securityand single signon capability Reduced training costs as a result of a common presentation and a consistentuser interface An extended, more useful life for applications and processes as a result of unifyingtheir presentation and providing a means of accessing them through desktop andmobile devicesThe WebSphere Portal offerings allow an on demand business to quicklycapitalize on its IT and human assets while presenting a first-class Webexperience to its employees, partners and customers.PortletsYou can select from portlets provided in the WebSphere Portal release,including prebuilt portlets and Web and application integration portlet tools.You can also choose from a catalog of portlets created by IBM and by IBMBusiness Partners, or you can create your own portlets.Any particular portlet is developed, deployed, managed and displayedindependent of other portlets. Administrators and end users create personalizedportal pages by choosing and arranging portlets, resulting in Web pages thatpresent content tailored for individuals, teams, divisions and organizations(see Figure 3).

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 9Figure 3. A typical portal pageThe portal server includes a rich set of standard portlets for storing andsharing documents, displaying syndicated content and performing XMLtransformation. It also includes portlets for accessing existing Web pagesand data applications, Lotus Notes and Microsoft Exchange productivityapplications, Lotus Instant Messaging and Lotus Team Workplaceapplications. IBM also offers new and updated portlets and solutions fromIBM and IBM Business Partners, called the IBM WebSphere Portal Catalog.In Figure 4, you can see just a few of the portlets available from IBM andIBM Business Partners through the catalog. You can visit the catalogWeb site at ibm.com/websphere/portal/catalog.Figure 4. IBM WebSphere Portal Catalog

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 10Portlet applicationsPortlets are more than simple views of existing Web content. A portlet is acomplete application, following a standard model-view-controller (MVC)design. Portlets have multiple states and view modes, as well as event andmessaging capabilities. Portlets run inside the portlet container of a portalserver, similar to a servlet running on an application server. The portletcontainer provides a run-time environment in which portlets are instantiated,used and, finally, destroyed. Portlets rely on the portal infrastructure toaccess user-profile information, participate in window and action events,communicate with other portlets, access remote content, search for credentialsand store persistent data.Generally, you can administer portlets more dynamically than servlets.For example, you can install or remove portlet applications consisting ofseveral portlets while a server is running. You can also change the settingsand access rights of a portlet while the portal is running, even in aproduction environment.Portlet modesPortlet modes allow a portlet to display a different user interface, depending onthe task required of the portlet. A portlet has several modes of display, whichcan be invoked by icons on the portlet title bar. These modes include view, help,edit and configure.A portlet is initially displayed in its view mode. As the user interacts with theportlet, it might display a sequence of view states, such as forms and responses,error messages, and other application-specific states. The help mode providesuser assistance about the portlet. Edit mode provides a page for users to changethe portlet settings. For example, a weather portlet might include an edit pageso that users can specify their location. Users must log into the portal to accessedit mode. If configure mode is supported by a portlet, it provides a page forportal administrators to configure portlet settings that are shared by instancesof that portlet.Each portlet mode can be displayed in normal, maximized or minimized states.When a portlet is maximized, it is displayed in the entire body of the portalpage, replacing the view of other portlets. When a portlet is minimized, onlythe portlet title bar is displayed on the portal page.

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1Page 11The portlet APIPortlets are a special subclass of the HttpServlet class, with propertiesthat allow them to easily plug into and run in the portal server. They areassembled into a larger portal page, with multiple occurrences of the sameportlet displaying different data for each user. The portlet API providesstandard interfaces for portlet functions. It defines a common base classand interfaces for portlets to cleanly separate the portlet from the portalinfrastructure. For the most part, the portlet API is an extension of the servletAPI, except that it restricts certain functions to a subset that makes sensefor portlets running in the context of a portal. For example, unlike servlets,portlets cannot send errors or redirect messages as a response. This can beperformed only by the portal itself, which controls the overall response page.The markup fragments that portlets produce can contain links, actions andother content. The portlet API defines URL rewriting methods that allowportlets to transparently

A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1 Page 2 A guide to IBM WebSphere Portal, Version 5.1 Page 3 This white paper is intended to help IBM clients, independent software vendors (ISVs) and application architects plan their use of WebSphere Portal. It explains a range of WebSphere Portal features, including portal application and

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