Bagasse Ash As An Effective Replacement In Fly Ash Bricks
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013Bagasse Ash As An Effective ReplacementIn Fly Ash BricksApurva Kulkarni1, Samruddha Raje2, Mamta Rajgor31Student of final year B.E. Civil, Sigma Institute of Engineering College, VadodaraStudent of final year B.E. Civil, Sigma Institute of Engineering College, Vadodara3Assistant Professor, Civil Engg. Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering College, Vadodara – Gujarat-India2Abstract- Utilization of industrial and agricultural wasteproducts in the industry has been the focus of research foreconomic, environmental, and technical reasons. Sugar-canebagasse is a fibrous waste-product of the sugar refining industry,along with ethanol vapor. Huge quantity of ash which is a wasteproduct, available at very negligible rate. It causes the chroniclung condition pulmonary fibrosis more specifically referred toas bagassios. In this paper, Bagasse ash can be utilized byreplacing it with fly ash and lime in fly ash bricks. Trial bricks ofsize (230x100x75) mm were tested with different proportions of0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% with replacement offly ash and 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with replacement oflime. These bricks were tested in Compression test and Waterabsorption test as per Indian Standards. The aim of this researchwas to make economical and green bricks to maintainenvironmental balance, and avoid problem of ash disposal.Keywords—Fly ash (Class F), Bagasse ash, Sustainability,Environment, Waste re-uses, cost feasibility, Eco friendly bricksI. INTRODUCTIONPopulation scenario comes towards India by means ofincreasing industries. The fruitful efforts of industries lead todevelop India. As the industries increases also the wastecoming from them at the end of product increases. At the endof survey result coming that the amount of the approximately250 to 300 million tons of industrial wastes are beingproduced every year by chemical and agricultural process inIndia. It is very essential to dispose these wastes safelywithout affecting health of human being, environment, fertileland, sources of water bodies; etc. Sugar cane bagasse, thefibrous residue after crushing and juice extraction of sugarcane, is a major industrial waste product from the sugarindustry.Nowadays, it is commonplace to reutilize sugar cane bagasseas a biomass fuel in boilers for vapor and power generation insugar factories. Depending on the incinerating conditions, theresulting sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) may contain highlevels of SiO2 and Al2O3, enabling its use as a supplementarycementious material (SCM) in blended cement systems. Usesof Sugarcane bagasse ash waste in brick can save theISSN: 2231-5381sugarcane industry disposal costs and produce a ‘greener’bricks for construction.II.EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALSa) Bagasse ashFIGURE 1: Bagasse ashSOURCE: “Shree Ganesh Khand UdhgyogThe burning of bagasse which a waste of sugarcane producesbagasse ash. Presently in sugar factories bagasse is burnt as afuel so as to run their boilers. This bagasse ash is generallyspread over farms and dump in ash pond which causesenvironmental problems also research states that Workplaceexposure to dusts from the processing of bagasse can causethe chronic lung condition pulmonary fibrosis, morespecifically referred to as bagassosis. So there is great needfor its reuse, also it is found that bagasse ash is high in silicaand is found to have pozollinic property so it can be used assubstitute to construction materialhttp://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 4484
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013TABLE 1CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BAGASSETABLE 2CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CLASS F FLY ASHSr.No.Chemical CompoundClass F1SiO 5MgO1.80Heavy metalsNA6SO30.60Fe2-4%7Na2O & K2O0.60Sr. No.Chemical CompoundPercentage1Nitrogen0.2- 0.3%2P2O 51.5 -2%3K2 Na25-10 %4CaO1-2%Mgo6758SOURCE: Shree Ganesh Khand Udhayog, Sarkadab) Flyash (Class F)The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminouscoal typically produces Class F fly ash. This fly ash ispozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 20% lime(CaO). Possessing pozzolanic properties, the glassysilica and alumina of Class F fly ash requires acementing agent, such as Portland cement, quicklime, orhydrated lime, with the presence of water in order toreact and produce cementitious compounds.SOURCE: http://www.flyash.comc)Acetylene Carbide LimePure calcium oxide is fused with coke in order to render thehighest yield in the manufacture of acetylene. The quality ofthe resultant carbide lime is a direct result of the excellentquality raw materials. Carbide lime is finer in particle size,and physically, having a very finely divided particle sizemakes carbide lime better. A finer particle size means fasterand more reactivity.FIGURE 2: Fly ash (Class F)SOURCE: “Shree Ganesh Khand UdhgyogISSN: 2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgFIGURE 4: LimeSOURCE: “Shreeji bricks” SarkadaPage 4485
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013the raw materials for giving proper mix. Water used formaking brick should be free from impurities.TABLE 3CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIMESr.No.Chemical CompoundIII. MIX DESIGNLimeThe design mix proportion is done in Table 4.TABLE 4EFFECTIVE REPLACEMENT OF FLY ASH BY BAGASSE ASH1SiO SOURCE: GEO Test House, Gorwa, Gujaratd)SampleF. 0.0020.00S60.0060.0020.0020.00Quarry dustF.A Fly ash, B.A Bagasse ash, Q.D Quarry DustTABLE 5SAMPLE INFORMATION OF BAGASSE ASH IN REPLACEMENT OFFLYASH IN BRICKSSampleF. 160.005.0015.0020.00L260.0010.0010.0020.00crushing process which is used to extract stone. It is rockL360.0015.005.0020.00particles. When huge rocks brake in too small parts forL460.0020.000.0020.00FIGURE 5: Quarry dustSOURCE: “Shreeji bricks” SarkadaQuarry dust is a waste product produced during thethe construction in quarries. It is like sand but mostly greyF.A Fly ash, B.A Bagasse ash, Q.D Quarry Dustin colour. It is mineral particles. The density of QuarryIV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPdust is 1650 kg/m³.V. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGYe) WaterWater is an important ingredient of brick as it actuallyused for manufacturing of brick. Since it helps to bind allISSN: 2231-5381The evaluation of Bagasse ash for use as a replacement of flyash material begins with the brick testing. Brick contains flyash, Lime, water, and Quarry dust. With the control brick, i.e.http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 4486
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 201310%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the fly ash is replacedwith Bagasse ash, the data from the Bagasse ash fly ash brickis compared with data from a standard fly ash brick withoutbagasse ash. Five bricks samples were cast having size of230x115x75mm.The manufacturing process of bricks broadlyconsists of three operations viz. mixing the ingredients,pressing the mix in the machine and curing the bricks for astipulated period. Selection of machinery depends on thebricks mix contents. For manufacturing bagasse ash fly ashbricks, the best suited machinery is a Vibro - press machine,which is an indigenous low cost machine and can be run byordinary semiskilled worker. Its production capacity is 1000bricks per shift and can be operated in two shifts without anyoperation/maintenance load. The maintenance cost is so lowthat it can be ignored. 15 lakh bricks can be produced for eachmachine in its life cycle.Sample7 Days14 Days21 .92STDSIS2S3S4S5L1L2L3L4L5864A. Compression Test2The brick specimens are immersed in water for 24 hours. Thefrog of the brick is filled flush with 1:3 cement mortars andthe specimen are stored in damp jute bag for 24 hours andthen immersed in clean water for 24 hours. The specimen isplaced in compression testing machine with 6 mm plywoodon top and bottom of it to get uniform load on the specimen.Then load is applied axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm2.The crushing load is noted. Then the crushing strength is theratio of crushing load to the area of brick loaded. Average offive specimens is taken as the crushing strength.07 DAYS14 DAYS 21 DAYSSTRENGTH STRENGTH STRENGTH(N/mm2)(N/mm2)(N/mm2)GRAPH 5: Percentage replacement(X axis) Vs Compressive StressVI.ECONOMIC FEASIBILITYTABLE 7COST OF MATERIALSMaterialBagasse AshFlyashQuarry DustLimeRupees/Kg0.200.550.351.50TABLE 8TOTAL COST OF BRICKS OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONFIGURE: - 6 Compression strength test for BrickTABLE 6COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF BRICKS (230X115X75) AT 7, 14 AND21 DAYS FOR BAGASSE ASH FLY BRICKSISSN: 21L33.13Page 4487
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013(j) It reduces the density of bricks from 20 (clay bricks) to11(bagasse ash bricks)3.06L4(k) It reduces the cost of material per brick.TABLE 9COMPARISON BETWEEN BAGASSE ASH FLYASH BRICKS ANDORDINARY CLAY BRICKSSr. NoDescriptionClay BricksBagasse Ash Fly ashBricks1Size, mm215x100x70230x100x75Volume, cmBricks in 1 CumMasonry150517256645004Density, Kg /m3160016685Cost in Rupees4000/10006CompressiveStrength, DGEMENTThe author thankfully acknowledge to Dr.F.S.Umrigar,Principal, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Prof.J.J.Bhavsar,Associate Professor and PG (Construction Engineering andManagement) Coordinator, B.V.M. Engineering College, Mr.Sailesh Shah Chairman of Sigma Institute of Engg. Asst.Professor Patel Ankit, Asst. Professor Rajgor Mamta, LabAsst. Dinubhai . G . Desai, Sigma Institute of Engineering,Vadodara, Gujarat.2420/1000IX.REFERENCES30-508-12[1] Environmental Construction and Valuation [Research Paper] by B.N.Purohit from the Institution of values, Gujaratzone[2] “Engineering Materials” by R. K. Rajput, S. Chand &Company Ltd.VII.CONCLUSIONBased on limited experimental investigations concerningcompressive strength of Brick, the following observations aremade regarding the resistance of partially replaced Bagasseash:(a) Compressive strength decreases on increase in percentageof Bagasse ash as compare to fly ash.(b) Use of bagasse ash in brick can solve the disposalproblem; reduce cost and produce a ‘greener’ Ecofriendly bricks for construction.(d) Environmental effects of wastes and disposal problems ofwaste can be reduced through this research.(e) A better measure by an innovative Construction Materialis formed through this research.(f) It provides innovative use of class F fly ash whichcontains less than 20% lime.(g) This study helps in converting the non-valuable bagasseash into bricks and makes it valuable.(h) In this study, maximum compressive strength is obtainedat 10% replacement of fly ash as bagasse ash.(i) Bagasse ash bricks reduce the seismic weight of building.ISSN: 2231-5381[3] Fakher J. Aukour , “Incorporation of Marble Sludge inIndustrial Building Eco-blocks or Cement BricksFormulation”, Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 3, No.1,2009.[4] Gupta V, profile of dimensional stone industry inRajasthan and investment opportunity, Indian stone mart 2000(Jaipur , Rajasthan ) 2000,233-245[5] Gujarat Narmada Fly ash Company Limited, 901, AWing, Alkapuri Arcade, R. C. Dutt Road, Vadodara -390 005[6] IS: 3495 (Part 1 and 2)-1992, Methods of tests of BurntClay Building Bricks—Specification, Bureau of IndianStandards, New Delhi.[7] Jayesh pitroda, Mayur patoliya “An Experimental Study ofUtilization Aspects of Natural/Artificial Fiber in Fly AshBricks in Central Region of Gujarat” published in NationalConference on Advances in Engineering and Technology(NCAET-2012) Kalol Institute of Technology & ResearchCentre, Kalol, Gujarat 9TH -10TH March 2012[8] Jayraj Vinodsinh Solanki, Ronak Prakashkumar Patel,Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda (2013), “A Study on Low QualityFly Ash as an Opportunity for Sustainable and Economicalhttp://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 4488
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013Concrete” IJSR - International Journal Of Scientific Research,Volume 2 Issue 2 Feb 2013 ISSN No 2277 – 8179 / 116-118[9] Mamta B. Rajgor , Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda “A study ofutilization aspect of bagasse ash in Indian context.”[10] MSME-Development institute, “Status reportcommercial utilization of marble slurry in Rajasthan.”on[11] Mathur R, Misra A K & Goel P, “Marble slurry dust andwholastonite – nert mineral admixture for cementconcrete”Indian highway (2007)[12] Om Prakash (1990), “Utilization of Pulverized (FertilizerPlant) Fly Ash as Low-Cost Bricks and ConstructionMaterial” M. Tech. Thesis Submitted to MNREC, Allahabad.[13] Riddhish shah, Jayesh Pitroda “Recycling ofConstruction Material for Sustainability” published inNational Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering &Technology, (NCRTET-2011) B.V.M. Engg. College,V.V.Nagar, Gujarat 13TH -14TH May 2011.[14] Rajiv Sinha, “Extract from paper 'Technology: Fly ashDisposal and Utilization: The Indian Scenario”, Department ofCivil Engineering, IIT Kanpur[15] Shreeji bricks Sarkada.[16] Shree Ganesh khand udhagyog, Variya[17] V. S. Aigbodion*, S. B. Hassan, T. Ause and G.B. Nyior“Potential Utilization of Solid Waste (Bagasse Ash) “Journalof Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol.9, No.1, pp.67-77, 2010[18] V Karthikeyan and M Ponni (2006), “An ExperimentalStudy of Utilization of Fly Ash for Manufacturing of Bricks”,22nd National Conference of Architectural Engineers Trichur.ISSN: 2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 4489
pressing the mix in the machine and curing the bricks for a stipulated period. Selection of machinery depends on the bricks mix contents. For manufacturing bagasse ash fly ash bricks, the best suited machinery is a Vibro - press machine, which is an indigenous low cost machin
In the present study, the pelletizing process of sugarcane bagasse compost using a closed-end die within a single pelletizer unit was investigated. Composted hammer milled sugarcane bagasse with three particle size (1, 2.5, and 4 mm), three moisture content (8, 12, and 20 %) under three compaction pressure .
(1). To study the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil (2). To study the properties of black cotton soil by adding Bagasse ash. (3). To find out optimum amount of stabilizer required for stabilization of black cotton soil. (4). To evaluate the strength characteristics of expansive soil for different proportions of bagasse ash in replacement
identified, whereas in 1300OC ash CaO and MgO were the main compounds. The implications for ash deposition in furnaces is discussed. Keywords- Ash, Wood, Furnaces. 1. INTRODUCTION Wood fuel for generating heat and power is of interest because wood is a renewable fuel with low ash and sulfur content. However, as with coal, the problems of ash .
glazes. "A suggested starting point for a stoneware ash glaze test would be 40 parts ash, 40 parts feldspar and 20 parts whiting" (2, p. 167). Of these three ingredients, ash was the basic variant. Both types of wood were collected and reduced to ash by burning in an open pit. "Ashes contain alkaline in
Removal of Hg From Activated Carbon an d Fly Ash 4 Morphologies of Fly Ash and Activated Carbon 4 . unburned carbon in the fly ash and the activated carbon can be separated from the inert portion of the fly ash in a bubbling
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growth, heat (metabolic heat) transfer, mass (O 2 in take and CO 2 evolution) transfer and product forma-tion. As a result wheat bran medium produced lower yields than bagasse medium. Bagasse did .
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