INTERNATIONAL Is0 STANDARD
Is02859-OINTERNATIONALSTANDARDFirst edition1995-08-01Samplingattributesprocedures-for inspectionbyPart 0:Introduction to the IS0 2859 attributesampling systemR&g/es d’khantillonnageThis is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.Pat-tie 0: IntroductionI’ISO 2859pour /es contr6les par attributsau systemed’khantillonnage-par attributsdeReference numberIS0 2859-0:1995(E)
IS0 2859-O: 1995( E)ContentsSectionScope references1.Generalintroduction2.1Aim of sampling inspection2.2Acceptanceto acceptancesampling.22sampling.22.2.1Statistical sampling.22.2.2Ad hoc sampling.32.2.3100 % inspection.32.2.4Other “sampling”practices2.3Choosing betweenattributes2.4Lot inspection2.4.1Lot2.4.2Lot size2.5.and variables inspection.Sequence or isolated lot inspection2.51Lot-by-lot inspection2.5.2Isolated lot inspection2.6This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.1PageAcceptableDescription2.6.2Setting an AQL34444.4.5quality level (AM2.6.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7Process average2.8Limiting quality (LQ)2.9Normal and tightened2.10Reduced inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.60 IS0 1995All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Organization for StandardizationCase Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l SwitzerlandPrinted in Switzerlandii
IS0 2859-O: 1995( E)This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.0 IS0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.11Switchingrules2.12AOQLAverage outgoing quality (AOQ) and its limit (’2.13Item; unit of product2.14Nonconformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and nonconforming2.14.1Failure to conform2.14.2Nomenclature2.14.3Classificationitem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11of nonconformities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.15Critical nonconformities2.16Curtailment2.17Disposal of unacceptable2.18Single sampling2.19Operating characteristic2.20Double sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.21Multiple sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.22Sequential sampling2.23Skip-lot sampling2.24Comparisonsampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13of inspectionlots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14(OC) curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18of single, double, multiple and sequential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.24.1Equivalent plans2.24.2Average sample size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.25Drawing of samples2.26Sampling plans, schemes and systems2.27Distributional characteristics (binomial, Poisson and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25hypergeometric)Section3The IS0 2859-lsystemof IS0 2859-l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.1Description3.2Preparing a specification for use in conjunction with IS02859-l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.3Classification3.4Lots3.5Meaning of inspection3.6Setting an inspectionof nonconformitiesand nonconformingitems28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30levellevel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
0 IS0IS0 2859-O: 1995(E)3.7Preferred AQLs3.8Non-preferred3.9Setting an AQL.35.37.38AQLsDrawing a sampling plan from the tables in IS0 2859-l3.11Normal inspection3.12Tightened inspection3.13Switching3.14Methods3.15Reduced inspection3.16Double and multiple sampling3.17Limiting quality and the isolated lot3.18Sample sizes3.19Operating characteristic3.20The AOQL table (see 2.12 for theory)3.21NomogramsThis is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.3.10ivrules -. . 39.40.45Example.for reducing the sampling risks.curves.454747515253535354
ForewordIS0 (the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwidefederation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The workof preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject forwhich a technical committeehas been established has the right to berepresented on that committee. International organizations, governmentaland non-governmental,in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committeesarecirculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard IS0 2859-O was prepared by TechnicallSO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods, Subcommitteeceptance sampling.This first edition of IS0 2859-O cancels and replacesAddendum 1 :I 977.This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.IS0 2859 consi sts of the following partsprocedures for inspection by attributes:ICommitteeSC 5, Ac-IS0 2859:1974andunder the general title Sampling-Part 0: Introductionto the IS0 2859 attribute-Part I: Sampling plans indexedfor lot-by-lot inspection-Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lotinspection-Part 3: Skip-lot sampling proceduresby acceptablesamplingquantitysystemlevel (AQL)V
IS0 2859-O: 1995(E)0 IS0IntroductionThis general introduction to sampling inspection describes the attributesampling schemes set forth in parts 1 to 3 of IS0 2859 and in IS0 8422.This introduction treats the subject of sampling inspection by attributes ina general way; it introduces the essential operating procedures and theways the schemes were designed to be used. To understand fully theconcepts and their applications, it would be helpful to consult IS0 2859-1,IS0 2859-2, IS0 2859-3, IS0 8422 and lSO/rR 8550.The individual parts of these International Standards extend this introductory explanation to more specific uses of the procedures which are appropriate for the particular part or standard.It is emphasized that IS0 2859-l provides sampling schemes indexed byAQL. The quality measure used can be percent nonconformingor thenumber of nonconformitiesper 100 items. IS0 2859-l was developedprimarily for the inspection of a continuingseries of lots all originatingfrom the same source, as in this situation adequate protection (of themaximum process average percent nonconforming) is possible by use ofthe switching rules (i.e. from normal to tightened inspection) should acertain (limiting) number of unacceptable lots be found in a short seriesof successive lots.This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.IS0 2859-2 provides sampling plans arranged for use when individual orisolated lots are to be sampled. These sampling plans are in many instances identical to those in IS0 2859-l. All the tables of sampling plansin IS0 2859-2 include information regarding the quality level required toassure a high probability of lot acceptance. It is recommendedthatIS0 2859-2 rather than IS0 2859-l be used for individual or isolated lots.IS0 2859-3 provides skip-lot procedures for use when the process qualityis markedly superior to the AQL for a defined long period of delivery orobservation. When the quality level is in this state of excellence, it issometimes more economical to use IS0 2859-3 than to use the reducedsampling procedure of IS0 2859-l. Like IS0 2859-1, IS0 2859-3 is applicable to a continuing series of lots from a single source.IS0 8422 provides a method of establishing sequential sampling plans ofdiscriminatory power essentially equivalent to that of individual plans ofIS0 2859-l and IS0 2859-2.A complementarysystem of sampling plans for inspection by variables,also indexed by AQL, is provided by IS0 3951 :I 989, Sampling proceduresand charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming and byIS0 8423: 1991, Sequential sampling plans for inspection by variables forpercent nonconforming (known standard deviation).Use of the masculine gender in this part of IS0 2859 is not meant toNOTE 1exclude the feminine gender where applied to persons. Similarly, use of thesingular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
INTERNATIONALSamplingSTANDARDIS0 2859-O: 1995( E)0 IS0proceduresfor inspectionby attributes-Part 0:Introduction to the IS0 2859 attribute sampling systemSection1.1ScopeThis part of IS0 2859 explains the terms used in acceptance sampling, describes the various schemesand plans, gives practical advice on sampling inspection and discusses some of the theoretical aspects.This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.Section 2 gives general information on methods ofacceptance sampling inspection with particular reference to the sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes given in parts 1, 2 and 3 ofIS0 2859 and in IS0 8422.Section 3 extends the introduction to acceptancesampling given in Section 2 and amplifies the introductory text and instructions contained in IS0 2859-1,by giving detailed comments and examples to assistin using the method of sampling inspection that constitutes the IS0 2859-l sampling system.1.2NormativereferencesThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this part of IS0 2859. At the time of publication, theeditions indicated were valid. All standards are subjectto revision, and parties to agreements based on this1:Generalpart of IS0 2859 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of thestandards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0maintain registers of currently valid InternationalStandards.IS0 2859-l : 1989, Sampling procedures for inspectionby attributes - Part 1: Sampling plans indexed on.IS0 2859-2: 1985, Sampling procedures for inspectionby attributes - Part 2: Sampling plans indexed bylimiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection.IS0 2859-3: 1991, Sampling procedures for inspectionby attributes - Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures.IS0 8422:1991,Sequentialspection by attributes.samplingplansforin-lSO/TR 8550:1994, Guide for the selection of an acceptance sampling system, scheme or plan for inspection of discrete items in lots.1.3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of IS0 2859, the definitions given in IS0 2859-l and IS0 2859-3 apply.
This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.ISO 2859-0:1995 Sampling procedures for inspection byattributes - Part 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859 attributesampling systemThe remainder of this documentis available for purchase online atwww.saiglobal.com/shopSAI Global also carries a wide range of publications from a wide variety of Standards Publishers:Click on the logos to search the database online.
IS0 2859-2 provides sampling plans arranged for use when individual or isolated lots are to be sampled. These sampling plans are in many in- stances identical to those in IS0 2859-l. All the tables of sampling plans in IS0 2859-2 in
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