Equipping Today’s Instructors For Tomorrow’s Students

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Equipping Today’s Instructorsfor Tomorrow’s StudentsAcademy Conference 2013Cisco Networking AcademyWhat I need to know about IPv6 to teach CCNA2Routing ProtocolsRick GrazianiCS/CIS InstructorCabrillo CollegeCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.1

Before we begin . Our virtual audience can submitquestions via the Q & A windowanytime during the presentation Simply type your question in theQ & A window and click ‘Submit’ subject matter experts will beanswering questions live duringthe presentationCisco Networking Academy, U.S./Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.2

Who am I? Rick Graziani - graziani@cabrillo.edu CS/CIS instructor at Cabrillo College, Santa Cruz,California Working in IT since 1980 Cisco Networking Academy instructor since 1997 Practice what I preach Implementing native IPv6 at Cabrillo College Home: Run native IPv6 (and IPv4) to the Internet Curriculum Development Team for Cisco NetworkingAcademy When not working, hopefully I’m surfingCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.3

Topics Quick review of IPv6 For more information see my CCNA 1 IPv6 Presentation IPv6 Static Routes EIGRP for IPv6 OSPFv3 Multi-Area OSPFv3 IPv6 Access Control ListsCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.4

So we can finish, please hold questions until the endCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.5

Works for Both Routing and Routing & Switching CoursesRoutingProtocolsCisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaR&SPart 1 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.R&SPart 26

There is a lot of new information inCCNA 2 besides IPv6!CCNA 2 – Routing Protocols Chapter 1: Routing Concepts Chapter 2: Static Routing Chapter 3: Routing Dynamically Basic IPv6 address configuration andverification We will review when introduced Specific IPv6 info in each chapter Chapter 4: EIGRP Chapter 5: Advanced EIGRP Chapter 6: Single Area OSPF Chapter 7: Advanced Single Area OSPF Chapter 8: Multi-Area OSPF Chapter 9: Access Control Lists Chapter 10: IOS File ManagementCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada No IPv6 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.7

Quick Review of IPv6 AddressesCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.8

IPv6 Address NotationOne Hex digit 4 bits2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/642001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 010016 bits116 bits216 bits316 bits416 bits516 bits616 bits716 bits8 IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF Separated by colonsCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.9

Compressed Notation 1st Rule: Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written 2nd Rule: Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segmentsconsisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100Second RuleFirst Rule2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 :: 100Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.10

Focus on: Global Unicast (GUA) and Link-Local UnicastIPv6 000::/33FFF::/3FE80::/10FEBF::/10Cisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaAnycastMulticastUnicastSolicited Local::1/128::/128FC00::/7FDFF::/7 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.EmbeddedIPv4::/8011

Global Unicast Address (GUA)n bitsm bitsGlobal Routing Prefix Subnet ID001Range:to2000::/33FFF::/3128-n-m bitsInterface ID0010 0000 0000 0000 ::0011 1111 1111 1111 :: Global unicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses Equivalent to IPv4 public addresses Except under very specific circumstances, all end users will have a globalunicast address Routable Unique Terminology: Prefix equivalent to network addressPrefix length equivalent to subnet mask in IPv4Interface ID equivalent to host portionCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.12

Typical GUA and Why We Love IPv6!IPv4 Unicast AddressNetwork portion/?Subnet portionHost portion32 bitsIPv6 Global Unicast Address/64/4816-bit FixedGlobal Routing PrefixSubnet IDInterface ID128 bits 16-bit Subnet ID 65,536 subnets 64-bit Interface ID 18 quintillion (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) devices/subnetCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.13

/64 Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule/4816 bits16 bits16 bits/6416 bitsGlobal Routing Prefix Subnet ID316 bits16 bits16 bits16 bitsInterface ID142001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 01003 1 4 (/64) DB8:AAAA:1111::100/64Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.14

Subnetting IPv6 and Why Our Students Will Love IPv6 Just increment by 1 in Hexadecimal: 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000::/64 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0001::/64 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0002::/64 2001:0DB8:AAAA:000A::/64 Valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first shown quartet 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1::/64Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.15

Link-Local Unicast10 bitsRemaining 54 bits1111 1110 10xx xxxx64bitsInterface IDFE80::/10EUI-64, Random or Manual ConfigurationRange:to /64FE80::/10FEBF::/101111 1110 1000 0000 ::1111 1110 1011 1111 ::Used to communicate with other devices on the link (network)NOT routable off the linkAn IPv6 device must have at least a link-local addressUsed by: Hosts to communicate to the IPv6 network before it has a global unicastaddressUsed as the default gateway address by hostsAdjacent routers to exchange routing updatesCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.16

ipv6 enable commandRouter(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1Router(config-if)# ipv6 enableRouter(config-if)# endRouter# show ipv6 interface briefFastEthernet0/1[up/up]Link-local unicast addressFE80::20C:30FF:FE10:92E1onlyRouter# Link-local addresses are automatically created whenever a global unicastaddress is configured The ipv6 enable command will: Create a link-local address when there is no global unicast addressMaintain the link-local address even when the global unicast address isremovedCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.17

Ping Link-local AddressGlobal 1FE80::2Ser 0/0/0:1Ser 0/0/0:2R22001:0DB8:CAFE:A001::/64R1# ping fe80::2Output Interface: ser 0/0/0Must include exit-interface% Invalid interface. Use full interface name withoutspaces (e.g. Serial0/1)Output Interface: serial0/0/0Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2secs:!!!!!Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.18

IPv6 Static RoutesCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.19

Making a Router an IPv6 RouterRouter(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing A router’s interfaces can be enabled (configured with an IPv6address) for IPv6 like any other device on the networkFor the router to “act” as an IPv6 router it must be enabled with theipv6-unicast routing commandThis enables the router to: Send ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messagesEnable the forwarding of IPv6 packetsConfigure static routing and participate in IPv6 routing protocols(EIGRP for IPv6, OSPFv3)Similar to “old” ip routing command for IPv4 which is enabled bydefaultCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.20

IPv6 Static RoutesRouter(config)#ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/ipv6-prefix-length{ipv6-address exit-interface} Static Route with a next hop IPv6 address:Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 2001:db8:feed::1PrefixPrefixlengthNext-hopNote: Static routes using only an exit interface on point-to-point networks arecommon, however the use of the default CEF forwarding mechanism makes thispractice unnecessaryFor reasons, beyond the scope of this presentation, there are advantages to using astatic route with a next-hop addressCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.21

IPv6 Static Route Static Route with an exit interface (unnecessary with CEF enabled):R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 g0/0 A fully specified static route includes an exit interface and the next hop address(unnecessary with CEF enabled except when using a next hop link-local address):R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 g0/0 2001:db8:feed::1 A floating static route, administrative distance greater than primary route:R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 2001:db8:feed::1R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 2001:db8:feed::2 5 A summary route:R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad::/48 2001:db8:feed::1Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.22

Our TopologyCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.23

IPv6 Address ConfigurationR1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1::1/64R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-localR1(config-if)# exitUgly EUI-64 Interface ID is used by defaultR1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:4::1/64R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-localR1(config-if)# exitCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.24

Verifying IPv6 InterfacesR1# show ipv6 interface #Cisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaSame Link-local address on allinterfaces 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.25

IPv6 Routing Table:Directly Connected NetworksR1#show ipv6 route output omitted CLCLL2001:DB8:ACAD:1::/64 [0/0]via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1/128 [0/0] Connected routes occur forvia GigabitEthernet0/0, receiveany interface with an IPv62001:DB8:ACAD:4::/64 [0/0]via Serial0/0/0, directly connectedunicast address that has2001:DB8:ACAD:4::1/128 [0/0]more than link local scopevia Serial0/0/0, receive Link-local addresses areFF00::/8 [0/0]not included in the routingvia Null0, receiveR1#Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.table because they are notroutable off the link26

IPv6 Routing Table:Local AddressesR1#show ipv6 route output omitted CLCLLR1#2001:DB8:ACAD:1::/64 [0/0]via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1/128 [0/0] The local routes are all /128via GigabitEthernet0/0, receiveroutes (host routes) for the2001:DB8:ACAD:4::/64 [0/0]router’s IPv6 unicast addressvia Serial0/0/0, directly connected2001:DB8:ACAD:4::1/128 [0/0] Allow the router to morevia Serial0/0/0, receiveefficiently process packetsFF00::/8 [0/0]Multicast packetsdirected to the router itselfvia Null0, receiveNot routedrather than for packetCisco Networking Academy, US/Canadaforwarding 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.27

Configuring IPv6 Static RoutesR1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:DB8:ACAD:2::/64 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:DB8:ACAD:5::/64 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:DB8:ACAD:3::/64 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2R1(config)#Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.28

IPv6 Routing TableStatic RoutesR1#show ipv6 route staticIPv6 Routing Table - default - 8 entriesCodes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, Output omitted S2001:DB8:ACAD:2::/64 [1/0]via 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2S2001:DB8:ACAD:3::/64 [1/0]via 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2S2001:DB8:ACAD:5::/64 [1/0]via 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2R1#Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.29

IPv6 Routing TableDefault Static RoutesR1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:acad:4::2R1(config)# endR1# show ipv6 routeS::/0 [1/0]via 2001:DB8:ACAD:4::2Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.30

Static Route using a Link-Local Next-Hop 0S0/0/0:1 R1 :1FE80::1FE80::1FE80::2 can be on anylink! Where are 0::2IPv6 link-local addressesR1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 fe80::2% Interface has to be specified for a link-local nexthopR1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:2::/64 s0/0/0 fe80::2R1(config)# endR1# show ipv6 routeS2001:DB8:ACAD:2::/64 [1/0]via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.31

Dynamic Routing ProtocolsCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.32

IPv6 Routing ProtocolsInterior Gateway ProtocolsIPv4IPv6Distance VectorDistance VectorRouting ProtocolsRIPv2EIGRPRIPngEIGRPfor IPv6Link StateLink State RoutingProtocolsOSPFv2IS-ISOSPFv3 IS-IS forIPv6ExteriorGatewayProtocolsPath VectorPathVectorBGP-4BGP-4for IPv6Most IPv6 routing protocol commands are identical to their IPv4 counterpartJust need to substitute “ipv6” for “ip”Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.33

Routing Protocols Same Payload, Different Truckv4EIGRPfor IPv4v6In case you arewondering .Yes, I dodrive a v6!Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.34

EIGRP for IPv6Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.35

EIGRP forIPv4EIGRP IGRP forIPv4EIGRP Pv4 NetworkR2R1IPv6 NetworkEIGRP forIPv6EIGRP forIPv6NeighborTableTopologyTableCisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaIPv6RoutingTableEIGRP forIPv6EIGRP forIPv6NeighborTableTopologyTable 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.IPv6RoutingTable36

EIGRP for IPv4EIGRP for IPv6Advertised routesIPv4 networksIPv6 prefixesDistance vectorYesYesConvergence technologyDUALDUALMetricTransport protocolDefault: Bandwidth & delayOptional: Reliability andloadRTPDefault: Bandwidth & delayOptional: Reliability andloadRTPUpdate messagesPartial & bounded updatesPartial & bounded updatesNeighbor discoveryHello packetsHello packetsSource address;destination addressesIPv4 address;224.0.0.10 IPv4 multicastIPv6 link-local address;FF02::10 IPv6 multicastAuthenticationPlain text and MD5*MD5*Router ID32-bit router ID32-bit router IDCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.37

EIGRP forIPv6EIGRP IGRP forIPv6EIGRP Pv6 NetworkR2R1Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.38

EIGRP for IPv6 D:1::/64addresses :/64S0/0/1:2S0/0/0:1S0/0/1S0/0/0R1 esFE80::12001:DB8:CAFE:1::/64Cisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaLink-localaddressesR3 FE80::3G0/0Note: All:12001:DB8:CAFE:3::/64 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.addresses havebeen configured39

Configuring the EIGRP for IPv6 Routing ProcessEIGRP for IPv6 was made available in Cisco IOS, Release 12.4(6)TR1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 2% IPv6 routing not enabledR1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Enables IPv6 routingMust be same on all routersR1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 2R1(config-rtr)# eigrp router-id 1.0.0.0R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown This is specific to EIGRP for IPv6R1(config-rtr)# EIGRP uses a 32-bit Router ID for both IPv4 and IPv6 (“eigrp” not always required)The eigrp router-id command takes precedence over any loopback or physicalinterface IPv4 addressesIf there are no active IPv4 interfaces, then the eigrp router-id command is requiredRouter ID should be a unique otherwise, routing inconsistencies can occurCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.40

Enabling EIGRP for IPv6 on the InterfaceNo network commands needed!R1(config)#interface g0/0R1(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#interface s 0/0/0R1(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#interface s 0/0/1R1(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R1(config-if)#Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.41

Perform same process on other routers in domain .R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routingR2(config)#ipv6 router eigrp 2R2(config-rtr)#eigrp router-id 2.0.0.0R2(config-rtr)#no shutdownR2(config-rtr)#R2(config)#interface g 0/0R2(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#interface s 0/0/0R2(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R2(config-if)#exit%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv6 2: Neighbor FE80::1(Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacencyR2(config)#interface s 0/0/1R2(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 2R2(config-if)#Cisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.42

Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 Neighbor AdjacenciesSimilar information as EIGRP for IPv6R1#show ipv6 eigrp neighborsEIGRP-IPv6 Neighbors for AS(2)HAddressInterface Hold(sec)1Link-local address: Se0/0/113FE80::30Link-local address: 632RTOQ SeqCnt Num270 0 8237008Link-local addresses are used to form adjacencies and source messagesCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.43

Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 ParametersR1#show ipv6 protocols Some output omitted for brevity Routing protocol and Process IDIPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 2" (AS Number)EIGRP-IPv6 Protocol for AS(2)Same K values used inMetric weight K1 1, K2 0, K3 1, K4 0, K5 0composite metricNSF-aware route hold timer is 240EIGRP Router IDRouter-ID: 1.0.0.0Topology : 0 (base)Distance: internal 90 external 170 Same EIGRP AdministrativeMaximum path: 16DistancesMaximum hopcount 100Maximum metric variance /1R1#Cisco Networking Academy, US/CanadaInterfaces enabled for this EIGRP for IPv6 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.44

Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 Learned PrefixesR1#show ipv6 route eigrp Some output omitted D2001:DB8:CAFE:2::/64 [90/3524096]via FE80::3, Serial0/0/12001:DB8:CAFE:3::/64 [90/2170112]via FE80::3, Serial0/0/12001:DB8:CAFE:A002::/64 [90/3523840]via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1DDR1#Link-local addresses are used as next hop addressesCisco Networking Academy, US/Canada 2013 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco confidential.45

EIGRP for IPv6 Manual ote 1: There is no automatic summarization in IPv6 (no classful networks)Note 2: EIGRP for IPv4 automatic summarization is disa

Configure static routing and participate in IPv6 routing protocols (EIGRP for IPv6, OSPFv3) Similar to “old” ip routing command for IPv4 which is enabled by default Making a Router an IPv6 Router

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