Private Security Industry Report - FICCI
PRIVATE SECURITY INDUSTRYJob Creation and Skill DevelopmentA Report
FOREWORDThe private security sector has emerged as a major industry by virtue of employment of large manpower, both skilled andunskilled, to meet the burgeoning demand of the corporate sector. With national security assuming greater criticality andlower police to people ratio in the country, private security industry, with large manpower, can act as extended arms of lawenforcement agencies. This will help relieve police forces from non-critical duties to focus on core areas.With the anticipated growth of the industry, the employment opportunities are tremendous. Since, majority of the workforceemployed is in the unorganized sector, the potential for skilling is evident. Current time requires private security personnelto multitask and use technology to perform security, safety and facilitation functions. Skill development, especiallyRecognition of Prior learning (RPL), reskilling and upskilling are key issues before the private security sector. Therefore,investment in human capital is vital in preparing this industry to take on greater responsibilities.The regulatory framework governing this industry also needs proper enforcement. Unorganized segment has largely remainedunchecked and players usually skip adhering to mandatory compliance requirements, which creates a detrimental impact forall stakeholders including employees and clients. It is imperative, therefore, for the governments to ensure strictenforcement of the regulations that will improve service delivery quality levels as well as work environment for the securitypersonnel.This Report highlights the current state of the private security industry with suggestions and recommendations. I would liketo acknowledge the efforts of industry members, who have provided valuable inputs and deep insights in the report. We areconfident that the information presented in this report will serve as a valuable reference to all stakeholders.MR. DILIP CHENOYSecretary GeneralFICCI
FOREWORDThe Indian economy, as per the latest World Bank figures, is now the world’s 6th largest economy and is expected to grow at7.4 % in 2018 and 7.8 % in 2019. With the economy and businesses growing, security needs are also expanding, which isfurther necessitated by the ever-increasing security risks and related threat perceptions. Deployment of specialisedpersonnel and systems to prevent and manage security risks and threats including accidents and incidents are vital forpeaceful operations at a place. Therefore, the need for implementing security measures and systems at public places such asairports, railways & metro stations, shopping malls & markets, hotels, and public utilities as well as industrial complexes,commercial spaces, offices, and residential blocks has risen multifold.Indian Private Security Industry (PSI) has also expanded at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 20% over thelast decade by adding new players in the field as well as scaling their operational capabilities. In fact, Private Security inIndia is the 2nd largest sector, after agriculture, in terms of employment, with close to 09 million employees. Traditionally,it has been an unorganised sector with around 40% of the market share being with the organised players. However, theindustry is progressing towards being organised as the consumer demand for security is gradually evolving from a mere guardto a professional and skilled guard, trained for movement of men and material, fire incidents, medical exigencies, etc.Further technology is progressively playing an ever-increasing role in the value-added services being offered by the industrythat include artificial intelligence, internet of things, hi-tech surveillance systems, biometric technologies, remote sensors,cyber security, etc.On behalf of BDO in India and FICCI, I take pleasure in presenting this report, that brings out a detailed overview of theIndian PSI, emphasising their significance in skill development and job creation in the country, existing policy frameworksand a need for an able regulator along with the impact of recent changes like introduction of GST, impacts of shift fromunorganised to organised segment and the new technology innovations that are being adopted by the industry. I hope that,through this report, you will be able to garner a view of the PSI in India and gain an insight into the recent trends as well asissues and challenges faced by the industry.CDR GAUTAM NANDALeader - Aerospace, Defence & SecurityAssociate Partner - Government AdvisoryBDO India LLP
TABLE OF CONTENTSIndustry Overview and Structure . 1Skill Development and Job Creation 5Policy issues concerning Private Security Industry (PSI) . .11Goods and Services Tax (GST) and its impact on PSI . .15Shift from unorganized to organized sector .19ManTech-Integration of Manpower and Technology . .23Glossary . .34
INDUSTRY OVERVIEWAND STRUCTURE
Report Private Security Industry 02INDUSTRY OVERVIEWThe demand for security services is increasing due torising urbanisation, the real and perceived risks of crimeand terrorism, belief that public safety measures areinsufficient, and growth of a middle class with assets toprotect and means to pay for supplementary securitymeasures. The security service market is also supportedby an improved economic environment and buildingconstruction activity.The Indian personal security market was estimated at INR57,000 crore ( USD 8.8 billion) in 2016 and is likely totouch INR 99,000 crore ( USD 15.2 billion) by 2020 and INR1.5 lakh crores ( USD 23.1 billion) by 2022 (as per latestindustry estimates). Apart from revenue growth, thePrivate Security Industry (PSI) is also evolving in itsemployment practices. Leading industry players aresetting new standards in the industry by focusing ontraining and skill development of their people andcustomer satisfaction, establishing employee welfarefunds, ensuring timely payment of salaries, and definingcareer progression paths for high-performing employees.CountryRatio of personnel in PrivateSecurity to Police Force *India83:17South Africa71:29Brazil71:29Japan65:35China65:35United Kingdom61:39United States58:42Russia57:423Germany50:50* countries-worldwideinfographic/#4e4fed94210fThe private security industry is amongst the largestemployers in India, employing almost 8.9 million people,with the potential to employ 3.1 million more by 20221.The PSI also has a unique distinction of being the largestcorporate tax contributor to the National Exchequer.As per a study conducted by The Guardian2, the globalmarket in the year 2017 was USD 180 billion and isexpected to be USD 240 billion by 2020. In contrast, theIndian Private Security Industry (PSI) is expected to growfaster at about 20% CAGR owing to the changing landscapeof the sector in India. However, there remains a shortfallof manpower of about 30% with a potential to generate anumber of jobs for the rural and urban poor3.Workforce size of PSI is more than the combined strengthof the Army, Navy, Air force and Police put together. With8.9 million security guards and 1.9 million police officers,India has 05 times as many private security guards thanpolice officers. While the sanctioned strength of policepersonnel (civil and armed) in 2016 was just 2,464,484 theemployment in the PSI far exceeds the number of policepersonnel in the country. The following table shows dataderived from Forbes and Statista estimates, depicting theratio of personnel employed in private security to that inpolice force in selected ate-security-sector/
Report Private Security Industry 03INDUSTRY OVERVIEWThe results from the above table show that India whilsttopping the list, far exceeds other countries in terms ofthe divide between personnel employed in PSI and policeforce. Clearly, there is a vast potential for the largeworkforce in PSI to provide allied police services alongwith the law enforcement agencies to fill up the currentgap. However, it would require an appropriate policyframework to enable PSAs to function as allied policeforce in India. Some of the allied police services which areglobally outsourced to private security are: Security of the outer periphery of prisons andtransportation of prisonersSenior citizen preventive security servicesStreet surveillance and video control roommanagementAssist police in handling emergencies and disastersBackground verification of employment applicantsSecurity management for events and festivalsFirst-level response to home security alarm activationsDelivery of summons; chip-based tracking of prisonerson paroleIdentification of different job roles under the PSARA,streamlining of recognition of prior learning, empoweringof service providers to be a part of the training effortunder PSARA administered by States and ensuring qualityof trainers, assessors and the training being impartedthrough NSDC will further boost the growth of the industryby giving an identified progress path to the candidatesseeking to make a career in this industry. With the highestgrowth being in the security industry compared to anyother industry, GoI schemes to boost the skilling effort byway of provisioning of subsidies through schemes likePMKVY should be introduced.KEY GROWTH DRIVERS01Increase in crime rate & terrorism02Rising urbanisation spike in demandof tier-I & tier-II cities03Low police to people ratio of150:100,00004Penetration of organised players.foreign players through FDI05Exponential rise in the number ofbanks and expanding atm network06Growth in security solutions07Institutional and organisationalchange08Government initiative likes smartcities & make in India09Increased concern for personal safety10Potential for increase securityadvisory services & low cost services
Report Private Security Industry 04INDUSTRY STRUCTUREThe Private security industry can be broadly divided into 2major segments, the security services industry and alliedservices.Security Service IndustryA major part of the security services industry is themanned guarding followed by cash and electronicsecurity. Manned guarding accounts for nearly 75% of thesecurity service industry followed by cash servicesmanagement and electronic security services havingnearly 20-25% share. Manned GuardingA major part of the security services industry is themanned guarding where they have the highestemployment rate and the highest revenue share in thePSI. Keys users of manned guarding services areIT/ITES, retail, commercial, and manufacturingwherein 41% of the manned guarding services areutilised in the commercial sector and 39% in theresidential sector4. Further, 70% of the residentialsector demand is coming from major cities like NewDelhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune, Chandigarh,Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Jaipur.Cash Management ServicesThis is predominantly organised, with 7-8 playerscontrolling 75-80% of the market share owing to highlevel of security concerns associated with operations inthis area. The market is not yet mature for thissegment as there are issues with licensing of arms,transfer of liability and insurance, making this segmenta high risk and low return business. However, there hasbeen an increase in demand for cash managementservices in view of: – Expanding bank branch network.– Increase in number and spread of ATM across thecountry.– Growing use of debit cards.Allied ServicesThe Allied services segment alludes to security servicesrelated to providing of security services and consists of Eventsecurity Management and Security guard training Event Security ManagementEvent Security service providers employ unique commandand control methodology enabling the client to focus ontheir event without worrying about security. Majoractivities under event security management are crowdcontrol and VIP protection services. These services aid insecurity and emergency management planning also. Security guard training ServicesThe introduction of the Private Security Agencies(Regulation) Act, 2005 has led private security agencies toadopt in-house training practices which are certifiedunder PSARA by respective states. States have authorisedthe opening of training institutes recognised by themunder PSARA. Sector skill council which is the authorityon NOS/ QPs related to the subject, also has a number oftraining partners (TPs), who undertake the training,however the trainees need to be certified by a PSARAcertified training agency to be employed as a securityguard. The training sector, due to PSARA not recognizingthe training conducted by private TPs affiliated to sectorskill council, is unorganised and fragmented.The cash management services offered by PSI are:– Cash replenishment services for ATM network ofbanks– Movement of cash and high value items withinbank’s branch network.– Cash pick-up and delivery for large corporatehouses, retail outlets ector%20skill%20gap%20report/Private Security Services.pdf
SKILL DEVELOPMENTAND JOB CREATION
Report Private Security Industry 06INDUSTRY SIZE AND EMPLOYMENT POTENTIALGlobally, and in India, manned guarding forms a majorpart of the private security service industry, constitutingalmost 75% of the private security services industry. InIndia, the private security industry is one of the largestemployment generating industry; it currently employsnearly 8.9 million people and as per a conservativeestimate has the potential to employ 3.1 million more by2022.The 8.9 million private security guards and supervisors areemployed in more than 22,000 Private Security Agencies(PSAs) in India, mostly managed and run by Ex-Servicemenas their resettlement projects.Work force is largely sourced from Northern, Central andEastern parts of India, with states like Bihar, UttarPradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Assamcontributing the maximum. Regions with significantpopulation of ex-servicemen, paramilitary personnel andunemployed youth are biggest contributors.Security guards constitute 90% of the private securityindustry workforce; they form the base of the pyramidwith little or no relevant experience. The private securityservices industry is mainly unorganised and only 10%workforce is employed in the organised sector. With theanticipated growth potential of industry, the employmentpotential is evident. Further, considering that majority ofthe workforce is being employed in the unorganisedsector, skilling potential is also evident.Primary source of %20report/sector%20skill%20gap%20report/Private Security Services.pdfHUMAN RESOURCE TREND - PSI1277.418.328.920122014201620172022Human Resource employed (in million)Source: nglish.pdf
Report Private Security Industry 07SKILLING LANDSCAPENational Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)An industry with such a large size and employmentpotential, requires appropriate skilling to ensure jobcreation as well as presence of appropriately skilledmanpower. The Security Sector Skills Development Council(SSSDC) under NSDC, till Jan 2018 before it got subsumedinto Management Sector Skills Council, identified thefollowing 8 job roles for the sector: Unarmed Security GuardArmed security guardSecurity SupervisorCCTV supervisorSecurity OfficerPersonal security officerAssignment ManagerInvestigatorThe training curricula and skills assessment frameworks weredefined by the sector skills council under the aegis of theNational Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) andaccordingly, Qualification Packs (QPs)/National OccupationStandards (NOS) were developed for the above-mentionedjob roles. The NOS provides scope of the job roles in additionto prescribing the performance criteria, technical/domainknowledge required for the specific job role as well ascore/generic and professional skills for carrying out theactivities. Sector skills council also provided programs fortraining of trainers as well as training of assessors and hadformulated a protocol on accreditation of assessment bodiesand certification of trainees and trainers for PSI on a panIndia basis. While the NOS describes the skillingrequirements, there are no prescribed training standards orprocedures provided by the sector skills council for each ofthe 8 identified job roles listed above. Basis the inputsreceived from Industry sources, the employers see thefollowing skill gaps in the current workforce: -Job rolesSkill Gaps5Unarmed security guardGuards need more rigorous training on fitness, firefighting, english communicationskillsCCTV supervisorGuards need more rigorous training on fitness, firefighting, english communicationskillsSecurity supervisorTeam management skills, medium-term vision and resource planning are key issuesfaced by the industry currentlyArmed security guardProficiency in handling of firearms; awareness levels about safety in handlingPersonal security officerProficiency in local languages of regions where the security guards are employed“5NSDCreport HR and skill requirements in private security t/sector%20skill%20gap%20report/Private Security Services.pdfMany customers increasingly prefer personnel with good soft skills (Englishcommunication, presentability, etiquette) and this is a gap in the candidateswhich has to be addressed both at the time of entry and through relevanttraining- A leading PSA”
Report Private Security Industry 08SKILLING LANDSCAPETraining guidelines prescribed under the Private SecurityAgencies Regulation Act, 2005 (PSARA)Under the Private Security Agencies Regulation Act, 2005(PSARA), the trainees have to undergo training and becertified by Training Partners (TPs), recognised by theStates (under the PSARA), and the security serviceproviders are required to employ only the manpower socertified. Further, PSARA does not specify any standardguidelines required for training other than broadly statingthe requirement and the need to conduct a 160 hrstraining. In addition, PSARA does not specify anycategories of security services other than provision ofsecurity using unarmed security guards, whereas incontrast, sector skills council under NSDC has specified 8different job roles as required and being employed by theindustry.“The key challenges in training standards arearound lack of uniformity and minimumstandards in training across security companies.Many firms do an ad-hoc job of training, manytimes not fulfilling the bare minimum set byPSARA. Even in cases where the quality interms of number of hours are met, the qualityof trainers, instruction material is not relevantand outdated”– An industry expertRecognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and Refresher TrainingThe existence of the security industry (and otherindustries) pre-dates the initiative to conduct skilling andtraining in an organised manner. Thus, there exists a largetranche of manpower which has been trained over aperiod of time and has learnt to carry out their tradewhile on job. For a system to suddenly shift to acertification-based acceptability of training acumen, it isbut necess
The private security sector has emerged as a major industry by virtue of employment of large manpower, both skilled and unskilled, to meet the burgeoning demand of the corporate sector. With national security assuming greater criticality and . Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Jaipur.
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