Building Papers: Products, Standards And Installation
Building Papers:Products, Standardsand InstallationBETECJune 10.2004Arlington, VADave OlsonDOlson@Fortifiber.com
Presentation Summary Product ReviewProduct StandardsBuilding CodesProduct Installation Exposure Product Compatibility Research and Development Projects
Asphalt Saturated Kraft PaperTimeline 1960’s 10 Minute Paper, 30 Minute Paper Mid 1960’s Paper integrated onto expanded metallath/woven wire 1979 UBC Requirement for 2 layers Grade D 1980’s 60 Minute Paper, 2 Ply Products 2000’s Rainscreen combinations 2004 IRC/IBC Requirement for 2 layers Grade D
Review of Major Manufacturers Fortifiber Building Systems Group– Fernley, NV– Los Angeles, CA Hal Industries– Surrey, British Columbia Davis Wire– Irwindale, CA
Manufacturing Process
Products Asphalt-saturated Kraftpaper (Grade D) alsoavailable in 2-ply rolls– 10 minute– 30 minute– 60 minute
2-Ply Products
Review of ProductsFormulations to Address a Wide Variety of ApplicationsMajor ManufacturersFortifiberDavis WireFortifiberHalDavis WireFortifiberHalDavis WireFortifiberDavis WireFortifiberHalDavis WireFortifiberHalDavis WireWater HoldoutASTM Minutes150-MinutesVapor PermeabilityASTM E-96200 Grams29 perms170 Grams25 perms75 Grams11 perms95 Grams14 perms103 Grams15 perms67 Grams10 perms144 lb. f/inch58 lb. f/inch144 lb. f/inch58 lb. f/inch160 lb. f/inch110 lb. f/inchTensile Strength MDASTM D-828CDNumber of Plies(Layers of paper)Roll Sizes70 lb. f/inch29 lb. f/inch68 lb. f/inch31 lb. f/inch70 lb. f/inch60 lb. f/inchOneOneOneTwoTwoTwo40”x324 Sq Ft50040”x324 Sq Ft50040”x240 Sq Ft40”x162 Sq Ft25040”x162 Sq Ft25040”x162 Sq Ft
Paperback Woven Wire Rolls
Paperback Expanded Metal LathSheets
Innovative Rainscreen
Asphalt Saturated Kraft PaperA single layer of cellulose fibers. The fiber source ismostly from virgin, unbleached softwood pulp and mayhave a small percentage of recycled fiber. This results inpaper having a: More uniform fiber structure Small pore size Dense fiber matrix.
Asphalt Building PaperTop View (200X)
Roofing FeltFelt consists of multiple layers of loosely laid cellulosefibers. The fiber source is unbleached softwood pulp and ahigh percentage of recycled fibers. This results in felthaving a: Less uniform fiber structure Larger pore size Bulky matrix.
No.15 Roofing Felt
Felt and Kraft Paper to Scale
Water Vapor Transmission CharacteristicsVapor Transm ission vs %RhIsotherm al at 70 deg F10090Uncorrected Experimental DataActual Permeance 50%P d tb h i t di t80Permeance70Fortifiber CorporationConfidential InformationtHD 3060JT 2050Super 6040#15 Felt30Super Jumbo Tex 6020Jumbo Tex 2010Heavy Duty 30#15 Felt001020304050% Rh60708090100Fred Baker - April 12, 2004
Federal Specification UU-B-790a Federal Specification for Building Paper, Vegetable Fiber:–(Kraft, Waterproofed, Water Repellant and Fire Resistant)–Classifies paper in terms of: 4 Types 4 Grades 12 Styles
Federal Specification UU-B-790aPaper Types–Type I - Barrier Paper–Type II – Concrete Curing Paper–Type III – Fire resistant–Type IV – Insulation tape paper
Federal Specification UU-B-790aPaper StylesStyle 1a, Uncreped, not reinforcedStyle 1b, Uncreped, not reinforced, red rosin sizedStyle 2, Uncreped, not reinforced, saturated““““Style 11 - Reinforced
Federal Specification UU-B-790aPaper Grades–Grade A – High water vapor resistance–Grade B - Moderate water-vapor resistance–Grade C – Water resistant–Grade D – Water –vapor permeable
Federal Specification UU-B-790aTABLE 14-1-A-GRADE REQUIREMENTSGRADEPHYSICAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTABCDDry Tensile StrengthLbs/inch width, both directionsWater resistancePermeation of water through papers,hours minimumWater vapor transmissionMaximumMinimumGrams per sq. meter per 24 hours20202020241681/64-6--35
UU-B-790aFebruary 5, 1968SUPERSEDINGFed. Spec. UU-B-790July 9, 1964FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONBUILDING PAPER, VEGETABLE FIBER:(KRAFT, WATERPROOFED, WATER REPELLENTAND FIRE RESISTANT)1.SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION1.1Scope. This specification covers building papers composed predominantly ofsulphate pulp fibers.1.2Classification.1.2.1Types, grades and styles. The building papers shall be of the following types,grades and styles, as specified (see 6.2):Type I – Barrier PaperGrade A – High water-vapor resistance.Grade B – Moderate water-vapor resistance.Grade C – Water resistant.Grade D – Water-vapor permeable.Style 1a – Uncreped, not reinforced.Style 1b – Uncreped, not reinforced, red rosin sized.Style 2 – Uncreped, not reinforced, saturated.Style 3 – Creped one direction, not reinforced.Style 4 – Uncreped, reinforced.Style 5 – Creped one direction, reinforced.Style 6 – Creped two directions, not reinforced.Style 7 – Creped two directions, reinforced.Type II – Concrete-curing paper.Grade E – Moisture rentative.Style 8 – Regular color, reinforced.Style 9 – White, reinforced.Type III – Fire-resistant paper.Grade F – Water repellent.Style 10 – 56-pound paper.Type IV – Insulation tape paper.Grade G – High tensile strength – water resistant.Style II – Reinforced.
Building Codes/Product Standards
Asphalt Saturated Kraft PaperTerminology – Code ReviewUniform Building CodeWeather-resistive barrierInternational BuildingCodeWater-resistive barrierInternational ResidentialCodeWeather-resistant sheathingpaperNational Building CodeOf CanadaWall sheathing membrane
Water Management Assembly DrainagePlane DrainageSpace Flashing Weep holes EEBA Water Management Guide
ICC Acceptance CriteriaAC # 38Dry Tensile StrengthLbs/inch width, bothdirectionsWater ResistancePermeation of waterthrough paper, hoursminimumWater Vapor TransmissionGrams per sq meterper 24 hours
ICC Acceptance CriteriaAC # 38Grade D RequirementsDry Tensile Strength20lbs both machineand cross directionWater Resistance10 minutesWater Vapor TransmissionMaximumMinimumno limit35 grams
Product StandardsASTM D-779 Water Resistance of Paper, Paperboard, and otherSheet Materials by the Dry Indicator Method ( Boat Test)ASTM D-828-93 Tensile Properties of Paper, Paperboard usingConstant Rate of Elongation ApparatusASTM E-96-95 Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
U.B.C. RequirementsSection 1402.1 Weather resistive barriers. All weather–exposed surfaces shall have a weather resistive barrierto protect interior wall covering. Such barrier shall beequal to that provided for in the U.B.C. Standard 14-1 forkraft waterproof building paper or asphalt saturatedrag felt.
U.B.C. Requirements2506.4 Weather resistive Barriers. Weather resistiveBarriers shall be installed as required in Section 1402.1and, when applied over wood based sheathing, shallinclude two layers of Grade D paper.
U.B.C. InstallationRequirementsSuch felt or paper shall be applied horizontally, with theupper layer lapped over the lower layer not less than 2inches. Where vertical joints occur, felt or paper shall belapped not less than 6 inches.
2003 I.B.C Requirements1404.2 Water –resistive barrier. A minimum ofone layer of No. 15 asphalt felt, complying withASTM D 226 for Type 1 felt shall be attached tothe sheathing, with flashing as described in Section1405.3 in such a manner as to provide a continuouswater resistive barrier behind the exterior wallveneer.
2003 I.B.C.Requirements2 layers of Grade D weather resistive barrierbehind stucco over wood based sheathing
2003 I.R.C RequirementsR703.2 Weather resistant sheathing paper. Asphaltsaturated felt free from holes and breaks, weighing notless than 14 lbs per 100 square feet (0.683 kg/m2) andcomplying with ASTM D 226 or other approvedweather-resistant material shall be applied over studs orsheathing of all exterior walls as required by tableR703.4.
2003 I.R.C InstallationRequirementsSuch felt or material shall be applied horizontally,with the upper layer lapped over the lower layer notless than 2 inches (51 mm). Where joints occur, feltshall be lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm).
2003 I.R.C InstallationRequirementsException: Such felt or material is permitted to beomitted in the following situations. In detached accessory buildings. Under panel siding with shiplap joints or battens. Under exterior wall finish materials as permitted inTable R703.4 Under paperbacked stucco lath.
2004 IRC ChangesExceptions allowing a builder not to use aweather resistive barrier have been eliminated.
2004 IRC ChangesRB 224 IRC will require the use of a weatherresistive, vapor permeable barrier withperformance equivalent to two layers of Grade Dpaper behind stucco
NFPA 500037.3.1.2 Barriers shall be a minimum of one layer ofbuilding paper meeting the Federal SpecificationUUB-790a, Specification for Building Paper,Vegetable Fiber: Kraft Waterproofed, WaterRepellent, and Fiber Resistant for Kraft waterproofbuilding paper with Type 1 felt in accordance withASTM D-226, Standard Specification for AsphaltSaturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing andWaterproofing.
NFPA 5000Installation Requirements37.3.1.4 The barrier shall be applied horizontally andlapped upper layer over lower layer in weatherboardfashion for lengths of not less than 3 in. (76 mm)horizontally and 6 in. (152 mm) vertically.
NFPA 50002 layers of Grade D weather resistive barrierbehind stucco over wood based sheathing
National Building Code ofCanadaSubsection 9.23.17.3 Wall Sheathing membrane1. Except as provided in Articles 9.23.17.4, 9.23.17.5,9.23.17.6., at least one layer of sheathing membraneshall be applied beneath siding, stucco or masonry.
National Building Code ofCanada InstallationRequirementsShall be applied so that joints are lapped not less than4”Applied horizontally, the upper sheets shall overlapthe lower sheets.
CAN/CGSB-51.32-M77, Sheathing,Membrane, Breather TypeWidth Tolerance-6 mmPliabilityShall not crack when bent 90ºaround a15mm mandrel at-10 2ºCTensile Strength3.5 N/mmWater Vapour PermeanceMin.Max.170 ng/Pa·s·m²1400Water Vapour Permeance (max) afteraccelerated aging2900
Applications Weather barriersmust be installed inshingle lap fashion
Design Considerations Paper based products allowed for “Walls” within30º of vertical Paper based products are not allowed on “Roofs”with a slope of less than 60º from horizontal
Product Exposure Limits Davis Wire Fortifiber HalCover product as soonas possibleCover product as soonas possibleCover product as soonas possible
Product Compatibility Compatible with all dissimilar products incontact with WRB Use systems of products frommanufacturers that have tested forcompatibility Document compatibility with sealantmanufacturer
Applications Weather-resistivebarriers are usedbehind:– Three-CoatPortland CementPlaster (Stucco)– One Coat– EIFS
Applications Water-resistivebarriers are alsoused behind:– Other claddings suchas Stucco Brick,Hardboard Siding,Vinyl, Aluminum,Fiber Cement andWood Siding
System Requirements The success of thesystem depends on all ofthe components in thebuilding envelopeperforming equallywell.
Proper Installation
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Review of Current Building ScienceFindings
Northwest Wall and CeilingBureau Project Objective:– To determine if a stucco wall assembly woulddrain water between the basecoat and the WRB
Additional Observations– Stucco basecoat developed shallow random wavesthat channel water down the wall– Natural drainage channels were created on the backof the stucco
Project Findings: Proper installation of WRB and integration with flashingis one of the most important factors in the successfulperformance of exterior walls
Project Findings:– 2 layers of WRB was shown to provide betterdrainage control than one layer behind all types ofcladding not just stucco.
– Building paper swelled when wet and shrank whendry creating natural drainage channels in stucco– 2 layers of building paper create an airspace behindstucco providing drainage
n Society Testing MaterialsBuilding Science CorporationDavis WireFortifiber Building Systems GroupHal IndustriesInternational Code CouncilNational Building Code of CanadaNational Fire Protection AssociationNorthwest Walls and Ceiling BureauOakridge National LabUnited States General Services Administration
Davis Wire Fortifiber Hal Davis Wire Fortifiber Hal Davis Wire Fortifiber Davis Wire Fortifiber Hal Davis Wire Fortifiber Hal Davis Wire Water Holdout ASTM D-779 20-Minutes 30-Minutes 60-Minutes 110-Minutes 133-Minutes 150-Minutes Vapor Permeability ASTM E-96 200 Grams 29 perms 170 Gra
We take great pleasure in welcoming you to the 37th IEEE Sarnoff Symposium being held in Newark, New Jersey, USA. This year, we received 75 long papers and 12 short papers for review, and accepted 32 long papers and 2 short papers for presentation at the symposium. The acceptance rate was 42.67% for long papers 16.67% for short papers.
5.18 Bilingual translation dictionaries with 10% extra time 67 Chapter 6 Modified papers 69-76 6.1 Modified papers - an overview of the process 69 6.2 Braille papers 72 6.3 Modified enlarged papers 72 6.4 Reasonable adjustments - modified enlarged papers 73 6.5 Coloured/enlarged paper (e.g. A3 unmodified enlarged papers) 73
papers. There is, however, some paral- lelism in the findings that some 5 per- cent of aff papers appear to be review papers, with many (25 or more) ref- erences, and some 4 percent of all pa- . Fig. 1. Percentages (relative to total number of papers published in 1961) of papers published in 1961 which contain various numbers (n) of .
Ceco Building Carlisle Gulf States Mesco Building Metal Sales Inc. Morin Corporation M.B.C.I. Nucor Building Star Building U.S.A. Building Varco Pruden Wedgcore Inc. Building A&S Building System Inland Building Steelox Building Summit Building Stran Buildings Pascoe Building Steelite Buil
addressed. Papers with a total score of between 15 and 20 were considered to be ‘high’ quality, ‘moderate’ papers scored between 8 and 14, and ‘low’ quality papers were those scoring between 0 and 7. Papers were assessed by two reviewers independently, who then agreed the final rating. Final included papers were rated as
Luksic v King Kullen Grocery Co. Index No. 14-12699 Page No. 2 Upon the following papers numbered L to _JQl_ read on this motion for summary judgment ; Notice of Motion/ Order to Show Cause and supporting papers I -32; 33 -68 ; Notice of Cross Motion and supporting papers 69 -71 ; Answering Affidavits and supporting papers 72 -87; 88 -90; 9 L -93 ; Replying Affidavits and supporting papers 94 .
Each semester would consist of four papers. Semesters I and II (Part I) would have Core Papers to be studied by all students of the M.Sc. – Zoology programme. Semesters III and IV (Part II) would comprise Optional Papers from which each student would have to select four papers in Semester III and three papers of his/her choice in Semester IV.
Cambridge Primary Checkpoint_Past Papers Past papers After each test series, you can download Cambridge Primary Checkpoint question papers and mark schemes: English (0844) Where insert texts are copyright, the inserts are not included below. October 2017 These papers are being prepared and will be uploaded soon. May 2017 English - May 2017 Question Paper 1(PDF) 698KB English - May 2017 Mark .
