Laser-Illuminated Cinema Projection Regulatory Update

Laser-Illuminated Cinema ProjectionRegulatory UpdateICTA at CineEurope - 2015Bill Beck LIPA Co-founder and Membership Chair The Laser Guy – Barco

Outline1. What is LIPA and what does it do?2. What is a Laser Illuminated Projector - “LIP”?3. Why are LIPs regulated?4. Who regulates LIPs?5. What must Exhibitors do to deploy LIPs?6. SummaryICTA CineEurope21 June 20152

Introduction to LIPAMission and ObjectivesMembership

LIPA Laser-Illuminated Projector AssociationMission: To simplify the adoption of laser illuminated projectorsthrough cooperative industry activity»»»SafetyRegulatory SimplificationEducation, metrology and best practicesMembership: Performance projection industry»»»Projector manufacturers (Cinema and non-cinema)Component manufacturers (lasers, chips, screens, lenses)End-Users (exhibitors, integrators, studios, theme parks)LIPA GOAL: Make it easier and safe to install and operateLaser illuminated projectors “LIPs”ICTA CineEurope21 June 201544

LIPA Members - 23Please Join LIPA !ICTA CineEurope21 June 20155

Laser Illuminated Projector SystemsHow LIPs are different from Lamp Projectors

Laser ILLUMINATED ProjectorsRED GREEN and BLUE laser beams are EXPANDED toIlluminate the 3 imaging chips in the projectorEach primary image is then recombinedand projectedon the screenFurther expanding the beamBut no high power laser beams come out of the projectorICTA CineEurope21 June 20157

Laser Illumination ArchitecturesICTA CineEurope21 June 20158

Why LIPs are REGULATEDPast regulation logicLIPA Proposes new risk definitionICTA CineEurope21 June 2015

Why are Laser Projectors Regulated? In the 1970s, Laser Light Shows (LLS) came on the scene. These Laser Light Shows used dangerous, high power,“collimated” laser beams that rapidly scanned the venue Direct exposure to high RADIANCE laser beams could causeeye damage First US FDA, then other agencies, regulated Laser Light Shows 40 years later, Laser ILLUMINATED Projectors (LIPs) arrivedBUT THEY ARE MORE LIKE LAMP PROJECTORS THAN LASER SHOWSICTA CineEurope21 June 201510

LIP Regulatory Terminology Brightness [lumens] (photometric) Throw Ratio Angular subtense ! [Rad] Radiance L [W/m!sr] (radiometric)" effect on the human eye IEC 60825-1:2014 laser safety standard IEC 62471:2006 lamp (broadband) safety standard IEC 62471-5:2015 (Final Draft stage) imageprojector safety standardICTA CineEurope21 June 201511

Laser Brightness – RADIANCELARGE FOCAL SPOT(FILAMENT IMAGE)LENSMICROSCOPICFOCAL SPOT(“DIFFRACTION LIMITED”)LASERFrom Sliney DH and Trokel, S, 1993ICTA CineEuropeLENS21 June 201512

Comparison of RADIANCE ValuesLight SourceRadiance ValueUnits5 mW laser pointer70MW/m2-srThe SUN(visible !)7MW/m2-sr30,000 lumenLaser cinema projector2MW/m2-srIf one looks directly into the lens – then you blink!ICTA CineEurope21 June 201513

How are LIPs Regulated?Per definition: any and all LIP emissions laser radiationRegulatory bodies base safety regulations on the LASER classification schemeSo Classification of LIP’s Class 4 laser productBUT By the end of 2014, the classification scheme in the laser safety standard forProjectors updatedICTA CineEurope LIP emission lamp-based emission21 June 201514

How did LIPA Change the LOGIC?! LIPA Commissioned Study: Tested optical characteristics of!!!!Lead Researcher: Dr. David Sliney!!!!35mm film projectorCurrent Xenon short-arc digital cinema projectorsPrototype laser projectors (DLP Cinema and LCoS)Casey Stack, Laser ComplianceJay Parkinson, Phoenix Laser SafetyDavid Schnuelle, Dolby Laboratories8 LIPs and Xenon projectors tested over 7 monthsStudy Conclusion: IF LIP Radiance Lamp Radiance,THEN" HAZARDS ARE EQUIVALENTICTA CineEurope21 June 201515

LIPA Peer-Reviewed Cover Story! Published in Health Physics, March 2014! Radiation Safety Journal! Official Journal of the Health Physics Society! Peer review complete! Cover story!Additional analysis presented atSociety of Motion Picture & Television EngineersConference – October 22, 2013.ICTA CineEurope21 June 201516

What the SCIENCE tells us Hazard Risk is based on RADIANCEFor same brightness, LIP emission RADIENCE lamp projector emission RADIENCETherefore LIP regulations should conform to Lampprojector regulationsICTA CineEurope21 June 201517

Who Regulates LIPsInternational/EuropeUSAICTA CineEurope21 June 2015

Major Regulatory AgenciesICTA CineEurope21 June 201519

LIPA Strategy to change IEC, FDA RegsLIPA’s strategy to simplify and update regulations: Use scientifically validated “Equivalent Hazard”doctrine to harmonize LIP regulations with LampProjector regulations First with the IEC (Global Scope) Then recommend FDA conform with IEC Edition 3ICTA CineEurope21 June 201520

“Old” IEC Laser Projector RegulationAll laser product requirementsare defined in 60825IEC 60825-1 Ed 2 (2007)Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: Equipment classification & RequirementsICTA CineEurope Medical Industrial Laboratory Laser Welding Laser Illuminated Projectors21 June 201521

IEC 60825-1 was updated in 2014IEC 60825-1 Ed 3 (2014)Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: Equipment classification & RequirementsIEC 62471 Ed 1 (2006)Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems!"# %&'()* '#*,% -.%/*0-)1*234536!7*8 (1 MW m-2 sr -1)/! *ICTA CineEurope21 June 201522

LIP Regulation under IECIEC 60825-1 Ed 3 (2014)Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: Equipment classification & RequirementsIEC 62471-5 Ed 1 (2015)Photobiological safety of Lamp Systemsfor Image ProjectorsICTA CineEurope21 June 201523

IEC “DASH 5” SUCCESS!!!IEC 62471-5:2015!Photo-biological safety of lamps and lamp systemsPart 5: Image projectorsAbstractIEC 62471-5:2015(E) provides a risk group classification system for image projectors,and measurement conditions for optical radiation emitted by image projectors. Itincludes manufacturing requirements that may be required as a result of an imageprojector system being assigned to a particular risk group. Therefore, this part of IEC62471 provides safety requirements for lamp systems that are intended to produceprojected visible optical radiation, such as theatre projectors, data projectors andhome-use projectors. The assigned risk group of a projector product also may be usedby projector manufacturers to assist with any risk assessments, e.g. for occupationalexposure in workplaces. National requirements may exist for the assessment ofproducts or occupational exposure.ICTA CineEurope21 June 201524

IEC’S New Approach: Risk Groups Laser safety standards IEC EN 60825-1 ! Classificationbased on Accessible Emission Limits (AEL): Class 1 and 2are defined as safe Broadband safety standardsIEC EN 62471Classification !based on Accessible emissionlimits: Risk group 0, 1 and 2 aredefined as safe ICNIRP guidelines define exposure limits, which in turn arebasis for ELVs in the AORD and AELs in IEC standardsICTA CineEurope21 June 201525

Risk Group Classification according IEC62471-5:2015 FDIS (Final Draft International Standard)"!"# "%&# '"()&#"'*!'HazardDistance29:* 15,000 lm 1m29;*RG3: Potentially hazardous, requirecontrolled user and/or installationrequirementsCinema and staged applicationsRG2: safe based on aversion response(blink reflex)Home/office use projectors 500 lmRG1: safe for prolonged staringPico projectors29 *29 *0 lmRG0: inherently safeFor throw ratio 2.0ICTA CineEurope21 June 201526

Regulatory Compliance for CinemaManufacturers and ExhibitorsManufacturersExhibitors

It is Legal to install LIP Systems in TheatersDL06P4KICTA CineEurope e.g., DP4KL-60L Class 4 laser power inside Complies with strict engineering requirements Risk-based Hazard Distance (HD) Barco has received a Variance from US FDA Installation and information requirements21 June 201528

Manufacturer’s Responsibilities Provide the end-user (theater operator): All required information on how to install a LIP resulting in asafe installationProvide installation and operator training and supportProvide all required emission data in order to make a riskassessment (RA) possible Release products to the market that comply with strict safetystandards Regulators will give more attention to high brightnessemission Manufactures have the obligation to provide theircustomers training and guidanceICTA CineEurope21 June 201529

Exhibitor Regulatory Requirements Implement local government safety regulation Requirements based on exposure limits (not laser class) ICTA CineEuropeLaser light show varianceEvent safety regulationLIP operator Laser system Operator Training requirements Projection booth requirements(restricted area, protective barriers) Risk-based implementationCinema visitor (general public) No exposure above safety limits isallowed in any case! Physical barrier or sufficient separationheight (SH) 3 meters within Hazard Distance (HD)21 June 201530

U.S. Regulatory EnvironmentFDA Food and Drug AdministrationCDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health

FDA Guidance Document Intended to address Laser IlluminatedProjectors Immediately in effect(as of February 18, 2015) “Document describes FDA’s intent"” “"does not establish legallyenforceable responsibilities” “" non-binding recommendations”ICTA CineEurope21 June 201532

Problems with New Guidance Document It incorrectly compares Risk Groups with laser Classes interms of risk» References outdated IEC standards for characterizing LIPs Mismatch in evaluation conditions, distance for determinationof Risk Groups» Overstates risk of many projectorsOverly restricts access -»ICTA CineEuropeSome Laser Regulations still apply (e.g. LSO, State regulations)Entire light beam, not just within Hazard DistanceEven more projectors require a Variance application thanpreviously21 June 201533

Managing Hazard Distance (HD)FDA Guidance Document requires:“"a restricted access area that extends beyond thebeam hazard distance.”Restricted AreaProjection BoothRequested revision:(X)LIPICTA CineEuropeBarrierSeparation Height“No direct exposure to beam shall bepermitted within the HazardDistance”HD21 June 201534

LIPA Urgent FDA Recommendations Revise the Guidance Document Harmonize classification measurement methods withInternational (IEC) standards Adopt reasonable safety precautions for Risk Group 3projectors ICTA CineEuropeHarmonize with latest IEC standards IEC 60825-1 Ed 3 (2014) IEC 62471-5 Ed 1 (2015)Then NO PRODUCT VARIANCES will be required21 June 201535

Bottom Line for Digital Cinema You can legally purchase, import, operate and enjoy LIPS today! Manufacture requires a product variance for each model / familyBut the operator (theater) typically does not need varianceRegulatory compliance is required (defined in each variance) Reporting, record-keeping on installationpermanent immobile installationSeparation Height HD 3 meter IEC (2.5 meter for FDA variances)Signage for Access controlled boothEmergency shut-down capability*Subject to interpretation;State, local and municipal regulationsConsult Local Legal CounselANSI Z-136 requirements (e.g. Laser Safety Officer)*Variance will need to be renewed (typically 5 year term)ICTA CineEurope21 June 201536

SummaryLIPs are safeRegulatory Compliance has been Simplified

Summary Laser Illuminated Projectors (LIPs) will be the foundation ofNext-Generation Cinema With LIPA’s guidance, global standards have evolved andthe regulatory environment is becoming more favorable LIPs are safe and regulatory compliance has been simplifiedthanks to LIPA’s good work Commercialization has begun and early adopters arequickly learning how to safely deploy, operate and profitfrom Laser Illuminated ProjectionICTA CineEurope21 June 201538

Thank You for Your InterestQuestions?

LIP Regulation under IEC IEC 60825-1 Ed 3 (2014) Safety of Laser Products Part 1: Equipment classification & Requirements IEC 62471-5 Ed 1 (2015) Photobiological safety of Lamp Systems for Image Projectors ICTA CineEurope 21 June 2015 23