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Module C Unit 2:Relationships in Ecosystems3

Lesson 1: Parts of an Ecosystem4

Living organisms interact withand are dependent on theirenvironment and oneach other5

Exploration 1:Analyzing the Parts ofan Ecosystem6

Ecological OrganizationEcosystem- includescommunity (all the livingthings) and the physicalenvironment interactingand functioning together.Examples: desert orforest7

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Example: Forest EcosystemLivingNonliving9

Example: Forest EcosystemLivingNonlivingTREES, MOSSES,LIZARDS, FISH,TURTLE, FLYING SQUIRREL,OWL, FUNGI10

An Ecosystem is.made of biotic and abiotic factors andis self-sustaining if it has a constantsource of energy and cycling ofmaterials.11

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Biotic FactorsThe parts of anecosystem that areliving, or that resultfrom the activities ofliving things, arecalled biotic factors.13

Abiotic FactorsAll of the non-livingfactors that affect theenvironment.Ex. temperature, intensity oflight, amount of moisture,soil, supply of gases inatmosphere, pH.14

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Exploration 2:Describing EcosystemStructure16

Levels ofOrganization inEcosystems17

Do Now:Review Levels ofOrganizationPage 73 # 718

Do Now:Review Levels ofOrganizationPage 73 #7-8TISSUEORGANORGAN SYSTEMORGANISM19

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Ecological Organization1. Individual - one organism that canmate and produce fertile offspring.Example: One bunny.22

Ecological Organization2. Population - includes all themembers of the same species that livein a particular area.Example: a group ofbunnies living in a field.23

Ecological Organization (Population)Species- includes all organisms of thesame kind that can mate and producefertile offspring.24

Ecological Organization3. Community - includes all the livingorganism, both plant and animal, livingin a given area.Example: a lawn has populations ofdandelions, grasses, earthworms, andmany other living organisms.25

Ecological Community26

Ecological Community27

Ecological Organization4. Ecosystem- includescommunity (all the livingthings) and the physicalenvironment interacting andfunctioning together.Examples: balancedaquariums orforests.28

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Lesson 2: Resource Availability inEcosystems30

Exploration 1:Relating ResourceAvailability toGrowth31

Growth Requires Resources All living things must get resources from theirenvironment so that their cells have a source ofmaterials and energy. The resources that organisms need to live and growinclude food, water, and shelter. Organisms get all of the living and nonliving resourcesthey need from the ecosystem in which they live.32

Individual Growth A hatchlingfrom a tiny eggcan become asea turtle.33

Population Growth The growth of a population also depends on theavailability of resources.34

Factors that Influence Resource Availability Population Size Competition Environmental Factors How could weather affect resource availability? What other environmental factors can you think of?35

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Exploration 2:Predicting Effectsof LimitedResources37

Limited Resources Resources in an ecosystem are often limited,so individuals must compete for the existingresources to meet their needs. Competition occurs when two or moreindividuals or populations try to use thesame limited resource.38

Limited Abiotic Resources Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of anecosystem Examples: air, water, nutrients, soil,sunlight, and rainfall.39

Exploration 3:Predicting Effectsof AbundantResources40

Abundant Resources Some resources are abundant in certainecosystems. Examples: algal blooms caused bynutrient abundance41

Abundant Biotic and Abiotic Resources An abundance of abiotic or biotic resourcescan result in the growth of individuals andpopulations.42

Lesson 3:Patterns ofInteraction43

Exploration 1:Analyzing FeedingRelationships44

Organism Interaction Predator / Prey relationships: Predators: kill and eat other organisms Prey: are killed for food As predators kill and eat prey the prey populationdecreases. If the prey population decreases, predators starve andtheir numbers decrease. When the predators start todecrease there is less pressure on the prey populationand it starts to increase again.45

Aim: What are some relationships amongorganisms?46

Nutritional Relationships Involved the transfer of energy from oneorganism to another within an ecosystem1. Autotrophic nutrition (producers): able tomake their own food (plants) 2. Heterotrophic nutrition (consumers):depends on others for its nutrition.47

Nutritional Relationships a) Decomposers: fungi, bacteria – theserecycle the dead material back into thefood web.b) Herbivores: animals that eat plants.48

Decomposers49

Herbivores50

Nutritional Relationshipsc) Carnivores: animals that eat animals: theyinclude: Predators: kill and eat other animalsexample: lions Scavengers: eat DEAD organisms, example:vultures, crabs, hyenas51

Carnivores52

Nutritional Relationshipsd) Omnivores: animals that eat bothanimals and plants. Example: humans, bears53

Omnivores54

Exploration 2:ExplainingSymbioticRelationships55

Symbiotic RelationshipsDifferentorganisms livingtogether in a closeassociation(dependency.)56

Symbiotic Relationships1. Commensalism:2. ( , 0) One organism obtains a benefit from therelationship and the other does not benefit or getharmed.a. Example: remora fish and shark, barnacle and whale57

Commensalism58

Symbiotic Relationships2. Mutualism:( , ) Both organisms benefit.Example:a) Lichen (combination of algae and fungus)b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the roots of legumesc) Protozoa in the digestive tract of termites.59

Mutualism60

Symbiotic Relationships3. Parasitism:( , -) one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense(harms) of the other organism (host).Examples:a) Athlete’s foot: fungus and humansb) Tapeworms and certain animals61

Parisitism62

Ecological Organization 3. Community - includes all the living organism, both plant and animal, living in a given area. Example: a lawn has populations of dandelions,