Construction Electrician Basic - MilitaryNewbie

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NONRESIDENTTRAININGCOURSEJanuary 1998ConstructionElectrician BasicNAVEDTRA 14026DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Although the words “he,” “him,” and“his” are used sparingly in this course toenhance communication, they are notintended to be gender driven or to affront ordiscriminate against anyone.DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

PREFACEBy enrolling in this self-study course, you have demonstrated a desire to improve yourself and the Navy.Remember, however, this self-study course is only one part of the total Navy training program. Practicalexperience, schools, selected reading, and your desire to succeed are also necessary to successfully roundout a fully meaningful training program.THE COURSE: This self-study course is organized into subject matter areas, each containing learningobjectives to help you determine what you should learn along with text and illustrations to help youunderstand the information. The subject matter reflects day-to-day requirements and experiences ofpersonnel in the rating or skill area. It also reflects guidance provided by Enlisted Community Managers(ECMs) and other senior personnel, technical references, instructions, etc., and either the occupational ornaval standards, which are listed in the Manual of Navy Enlisted Manpower Personnel Classificationsand Occupational Standards, NAVPERS 18068.THE QUESTIONS: The questions that appear in this course are designed to help you understand thematerial in the text.VALUE: In completing this course, you will improve your military and professional knowledge.Importantly, it can also help you study for the Navy-wide advancement in rate examination. If you arestudying and discover a reference in the text to another publication for further information, look it up.1998 Edition Prepared byCECS Jose Vicente P. FerriolsPublished byNAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAININGPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTAND TECHNOLOGY CENTERNAVSUP Logistics Tracking Number0504-LP-026-7040i

Sailor’s Creed“I am a United States Sailor.I will support and defend theConstitution of the United States ofAmerica and I will obey the ordersof those appointed over me.I represent the fighting spirit of theNavy and those who have gonebefore me to defend freedom anddemocracy around the world.I proudly serve my country’s Navycombat team with honor, courageand commitment.I am committed to excellence andthe fair treatment of all.”ii

CONTENTSPAGECHAPTER1. Construction Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12. Drawings and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13. Power Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14. Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15. Interior Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16. Communications and Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17. Electrical Appliances, Test Equipment, Motors, andGenerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1APPENDIXI. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI-1II. Metric Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AII-1III. Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIII-1IV. Hand Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIV-1V. References Used to Develop the TRAMAN . . . . . . . . . . . AV-1INDEX. INDEX-1NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE follows the indexiii

SUMMARY OF THECONSTRUCTION ELECTRICIANTRAINING SERIESCONSTRUCTION ELECTRICIAN BASICThis training manual (TRAMAN) replaces Construction Electrician 3 andshould be studied by those seeking advancement to Construction Electrician ThirdClass.CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICIAN INTERMEDIATEThis TRAMAN, when published (refer to NAVEDTRA 12061 for availability),will replace Construction Electrician 3 & 2 and should be studied by those seekingadvancement to Construction Electrician Second Class. Topics in this book will be acontinuation of information covered in the Construction Electrician BasicTRAMAN.CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICIAN ADVANCEDThis TRAMAN, when published (refer to NAVEDTRA 12061 for availability),will replace Construction Electrician 1 and should be studied by those seekingadvancement to Construction Electrician First Class. Topics in this book will be acontinuation of information covered in the Construction Electrician IntermediateTRAMAN.iv

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TAKING THE COURSEASSIGNMENTSassignments. To submit youranswers via the Internet, go to:The text pages that you are to study are listed atthe beginning of each assignment. Study thesepages carefully before attempting to answer thequestions. Pay close attention to tables andillustrations and read the learning objectives.The learning objectives state what you should beable to do after studying the material. Answeringthe questions correctly helps you accomplish theobjectives.http://courses.cnet.navy.milGrading by Mail: When you submit answersheets by mail, send all of your assignments atone time. Do NOT submit individual answersheets for grading. Mail all of your assignmentsin an envelope, which you either provideyourself or obtain from your nearest EducationalServices Officer (ESO). Submit answer sheetsto:SELECTING YOUR ANSWERSCOMMANDING OFFICERNETPDTC N3316490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROADPENSACOLA FL 32559-5000Read each question carefully, then select theBEST answer. You may refer freely to the text.The answers must be the result of your ownwork and decisions. You are prohibited fromreferring to or copying the answers of others andfrom giving answers to anyone else taking thecourse.Answer Sheets: All courses include one“scannable” answer sheet for each assignment.These answer sheets are preprinted with yourSSN, name, assignment number, and coursenumber. Explanations for completing the answersheets are on the answer sheet.SUBMITTING YOUR ASSIGNMENTSTo have your assignments graded, you must beenrolled in the course with the NonresidentTraining Course Administration Branch at theNaval Education and Training ). Following enrollment, there aretwo ways of having your assignments graded:(1) use the Internet to submit your assignmentsas you complete them, or (2) send all theassignments at one time by mail to NETPDTC.Grading on the Internet:Internet grading are: assignmentDo not use answer sheet reproductions: Useonly the original answer sheets that weprovide— reproductions will not work with ourscanning equipment and cannot be processed.Follow the instructions for marking youranswers on the answer sheet. Be sure that blocks1, 2, and 3 are filled in correctly. Thisinformation is necessary for your course to beproperly processed and for you to receive creditfor your work.Advantages toCOMPLETION TIMEyou may submit your answers as soon asyou complete an assignment, andyou get your results faster; usually by thenext working day (approximately 24 hours).Courses must be completed within 12 monthsfrom the date of enrollment. This includes timerequired to resubmit failed assignments.In addition to receiving grade results for eachassignment, you will receive course completionconfirmation once you have completed all thev

PASS/FAIL ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURESFor subject matter questions:If your overall course score is 3.2 or higher, youwill pass the course and will not be required toresubmit assignments. Once your assignmentshave been graded you will receive coursecompletion milComm: (850) 452-1001, Ext. 1826DSN: 922-1001, Ext. 1826FAX: (850) 452-1370(Do not fax answer sheets.)Address: COMMANDING OFFICERNETPDTC (CODE 314)6490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROADPENSACOLA FL 32509-5237If you receive less than a 3.2 on any assignmentand your overall course score is below 3.2, youwill be given the opportunity to resubmit failedassignments. You may resubmit failedassignments only once. Internet students willreceive notification when they have failed anassignment--they may then resubmit failedassignments on the web site. Internet studentsmay view and print results for failedassignments from the web site. Students whosubmit by mail will receive a failing result letterand a new answer sheet for resubmission of eachfailed assignment.For enrollment, shipping,completion letter .navy.milToll Free: 877-264-8583Comm: (850) 452-1511/1181/1859DSN: 922-1511/1181/1859FAX: (850) 452-1370(Do not fax answer sheets.)Address: COMMANDING OFFICERNETPDTC (CODE N331)6490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROADPENSACOLA FL 32559-5000COMPLETION CONFIRMATIONAfter successfully completing this course, youwill receive a letter of completion.NAVAL RESERVE RETIREMENT CREDITERRATAhttp://www.advancement.cnet.navy.milIf you are a member of the Naval Reserve, youwill receive retirement points if you areauthorized to receive them under currentdirectives governing retirement of NavalReserve personnel. For Naval Reserveretirement, this course is evaluated at 9 points.(Refer to Administrative Procedures for NavalReservists on Inactive Duty, BUPERSINST1001.39, for more information about retirementpoints.)STUDENT FEEDBACK QUESTIONSCOURSE OBJECTIVESWe value your suggestions, questions, andcriticisms on our courses. If you would like tocommunicate with us regarding this course, weencourage you, if possible, to use e-mail. If youwrite or fax, please use a copy of the StudentComment form that follows this page.In completing this nonresident training course,you will demonstrate a knowledge of the subjectmatter by correctly answering questions on thefollowing subjects: Construction Support,Drawings and Specifications, Power Generation,Power Distribution, Interior Wiring, Communications and Lighting, and Electrical Appliances,Test Equipment, Motors, and Generators.Errata are used to correct minor errors or deleteobsolete information in a course. Errata mayalso be used to provide instructions to thestudent. If a course has an errata, it will beincluded as the first page(s) after the front cover.Errata for all courses can be accessed andviewed/downloaded at:vi

Student CommentsCourse Title:Construction Electrician BasicNAVEDTRA:14026Date:We need some information about you:Rate/Rank and Name:SSN:Command/UnitStreet Address:City:State/FPO:ZipYour comments, suggestions, etc.:Privacy Act Statement: Under authority of Title 5, USC 301, information regarding your military status isrequested in processing your comments and in preparing a reply. This informationwill not be divulged withoutwritten authorization to anyone other than those within DOD for official use in determining performance.NETPDTC 1550/41 (Rev 4-00)vii

CHAPTER 1CONSTRUCTION SUPPORTof these lines depends on their size, the fiber used, andthe type of stranding.As a Construction Electrician you will be involvedin many aspects of construction work. This chaptertouches on a few of these, such as rigging and hoisting,equipment movement, hazardous material,embarkation, and tool kits. Although this chapter doesnot deal with electrical work, you need to study andrefer back to this chapter for your safety and the safetyof your shipmates.Uncoiling LineNew line is coiled, bound, and wrapped. Theprotective covering should not be removed until the lineis to be used. This covering will protect the line duringstowage and prevent tangling. To open, strip off theouter wrapping and look inside the coil for the end of theline. This should be at the bottom of the coil. If not, turnthe coil over so that the end will be at the bottom, asshown in figure 1-1. Pull the end of the line up throughthe center of the coil. As the line comes up through thecoil, it will unwind in a counterclockwise direction.USING LINES AND SLINGSThe safety of personnel involved in rigging andhoisting operations largely depends upon care andcommon sense. Equally important is the properselection of lines and slings for safe and stable lifts.Whipping LineINSPECTIONSThe term whipping refers to the process of securingthe ends of a line to prevent the strands from unravelingand the yarns from separating or fraying. Whippingsare made from fine twine and will not increase the sizeof the line enough to prevent it from fitting the blocks oropenings.The single most important operational check to bemade on hoisting and rigging equipment is the line andrigging inspection. Such factors as abrasion, wear,fatigue, corrosion, and kinking are of great significancein determining usable life.The only way to determine the safety of a line, itslife expectancy, and its load-carrying ability is byregularly inspecting every foot of its length. The mainpoints to watch for are external wear and cutting,internal wear between the strands, and deterioration ofthe fibers.Figure 1-2 shows the steps to follow in applying awhipping. Make a loop in the end of the twine and placeFIBER LINESFiber lines are made from either natural or syntheticfibers. The natural fibers come from plants and includemanila, sisal, and hemp. The synthetic fibers includenylon, polypropylene, and the polyesters. The strengthFigure 1-1.—Removing line from a shipping coil.Figure 1-2.—Proper way to apply a line whipping.l-l

Strength of Fiber Linethe loop at the end of the line, as shown in the figure.Wind the standing part around the line covering the loopof the whipping. Leave a small loop uncovered, asshown. Pass the remainder of the standing end upthrough the small loop and pull the dead end of thetwine, thus pulling the small loop and the standing endback towards the end of the line underneath thewhipping. Pull the dead end of the twine until the loopwith the standing end reaches a point midwayunderneath the whipping. Trim both ends of the twineclose up against the loops of the whipping. Beforecutting a line, place two whippings on the line 1 or 2inches apart and make the cut between the whippings.This will prevent the ends from unraveling after they arecut.Overloading a line poses a serious threat to thesafety of personnel, not to mention the heavy losseslikely to result through damage to material. To avoidoverloading, you must know the strength of the line youare working with. This involves three factors: breakingstrength, safe working load, and safety factor.BREAKING STRENGTH.—Refers to thetension at which the line will part when a load is applied.Line manufacturers have determined breaking strengththrough tests and have set up tables to provide thisinformationSAFE WORKING LOAD—Briefly defined, the"safe working load" (SWL) of a line is the load that canbe applied without causing any kind of damage to theline. Note that the safe working load is considerablyless than the breaking strength. A wide margin ofdifference between breaking strength and safe workingload is necessary to allow for such factors as additionalstrain imposed on the line by jerky movements inhoisting or bending over sheaves in a pulley block.Stowing LineBefore stowing a fiber line, you must take certainprecautions to safeguard the line against deterioration.You should never stow a wet line. Always dry the linewell before placing it in stowage.SAFETY FACTOR.— safety factor of a line isthe ratio between the breaking strength and the safeworking load. Usually, a safety factor of 4 is acceptable,but this is not always the case. In other words, the safetyfactor will vary, depending on such things as thecondition of the line and circumstances under which it isto be used. While the safety factor should NEVER beless than 3, it often should be well above 4 (possibly ashigh as 8 or 10). For best, average, or unfavorableconditions, the safety factor indicated below may oftenbe suitable.After a line has been used, you should coil it downin a clockwise direction (assuming it is a right-handlay). Should the line be kinked from excessive turns,remove the kinks by the procedure known as "thoroughfooting." You do this by coiling the line downcounterclockwise and then pulling the bottom end of thecoil up and out the middle of the coil. If the line is free ofkinks as it leaves the coil, make it up in the correctmanner. If it is still kinked, repeat the process beforemaking up the line for stowage.BEST conditions (new line): 4AVERAGE conditions (line used but in goodcondition): 6Choose your stowage space for line carefully. Linedeteriorates rapidly if exposed to prolonged dampness.Furthermore, it is important for the stowage area to bedry, unheated, and well ventilated. To permit proper aircirculation, you should either place the line in loosecoils on a wood grating platform about 6 inches (15 cm)above the floor or hang the line in loose coils on awooden peg.UNFAVORABLE conditions (frequently used line,such as running rigging): 8Table 1-1 lists some of the properties of manila andsisal line, including strength. The table shows that theminimum breaking strength is considerably greater thanthe safe working capacity. The difference is caused bythe application of a safety factor. The safe working load(SWL) of line is obtained by dividing the breakingstrength (BS) by a factor of safety (FS). A new 1-inchdiameter No. 1 manila line has a breaking strength of9,000 pounds, as indicated in table l-l. To determinethe safe working load of the line, you would divide itsbreaking strength by a minimum standard safety factorYou should NEVER expose a line to lime, acids, orother chemicals, or even stow it in a room containingchemicals. Even the vapors may severely damage line.As a final precaution, avoid continually exposing line tosunlight. Excessive sunlight will also damage the line.1-2

of 4. The result is an SWL of 2,250 pounds. A safetyfactor is always used because the breaking strength ofline be comes reduced after use and exposure toweather conditions. In addition, a safety factor isrequired because of shock loading, knots, sharp bends,and other stresses that the line may encounter during itsuse.If tables are not available, the SWL may be closelyapproximated by a rule of thumb. The rule of thumb forthe SWL, in tons, for fiber line is equal to the square of2the line diameter in inches (SWL D ). The SWL, intons, of a 1/2-inch-diameter fiber line would be 1/2 inchsquared or 1/4 ton. The rule of thumb allows a safetyfactor of approximately 4.SYNTHETIC-FIBER LINESSynthetic-fiber lines, such as nylon and polyester,have rapidly gamed wide use by the Navy. They arelighter in weight, more flexible, less bulky, and easier tohandle and stow than manila lines. Also, they are highlyresistant to mildew, rot, and fungus. Synthetic lines arestronger than natural-fiber line; for example, nylon isabout three times stronger than manila. When nylon lineis wet or frozen, the loss of strength is relatively small.Nylon line will hold a load, even though several strandsmay be frayed. Ordinarily, the line can be madereusable by cutting away the chafed or frayed sectionand splicing the good line together.Table 1-1.—Properties of Manila and Sisal 43/43/8Lb per ftSisalNo. 1 ManilaBreakingstrength(pounds)Safeload(pounds)F.S. 4Breakingstrength(pounds)Safeload(pounds)F.S. 4.0206001504801201 1/8.0401,3503251,0802601/21 /42 1/4.1675,4001,3504,3201,0807/82 8001 1/83 1/2.36012,0003,0009,6002,4001 1/43 3/4.41813,5003,38010,8002,7001 1/24 1/2.60018,5004,62014,8003,7001 3/45 006,2002 1/27 ,20012,8001-3

Tables 1-2 and 1-3 list the approximate safe working loads of new fiber lines with a safety factor of 5.For polypropylene line, multiply the diameter by40, and for polyethylene, by 35.NOTE: These are for reference only. Check themanufacturer’s ratings before determining the safeworking loads, as they

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