Telecommunications, The Internet, And Wireless Technology

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1/25/2014Chapter 7Telecommunications, the Internet, andWireless TechnologyVideo cases:Case 1: Telepresence Moves Out of the Boardrooom and Into the FieldCase 2: Unified Communications Systems: Virtual Collaboration with LotusSametime6.1Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallManagement Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyLEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the principal components of telecommunicationsnetworks and key networking technologies. Identify the different types of networks. Describe how the Internet and Internet technology work andhow they support communication and e-business. Describe the principal technologies and standards forwireless networking, communication, and Internet access. Describe radio frequency identification and wireless sensornetworks and identify why these are valuable businesstechnologies.7.2Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.1

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyRFID and Wireless Technology Speed Up Production at Continental Tires Problem: Inefficient manual processes; largeproduction environment Solutions: Track components in real time, optimizetransportation, and expedite communication– Wi-Fi networks– RFID technologies– Mobile handhelds– Material inventory tracking software Demonstrates use of technology in production andsupply chain to increase efficiency and lower costs7.3Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Networking and Communication Trends– Convergence: Telephone networks and computer networksconverging into single digital network using Internetstandards– Broadband: More than 68% U.S. Internet users have broadbandaccess– Broadband wireless: Voice, data communication are increasingly takingplace over broadband wireless platforms7.4Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.2

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Computer network– Two or more connected computers– Major components in simple network Client and server computersNetwork interfaces (NICs)Connection mediumNetwork operating systemHubs, switches, routers– Software-defined networking (SDN) Functions of switches and routers managed by central program7.5Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyComponents of a Simple Computer NetworkFigure 7-17.6Illustrated here is a very simple computer network, consisting of computers, a network operating systemresiding on a dedicated server computer, cabling (wiring) connecting the devices, network interface cards(NIC), switches, and a router.Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.3

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Networks in large companies– Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked tofirmwide corporate network– Various powerful servers Web site Corporate intranet, extranet Backend systems––––Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)Videoconferencing systemTelephone networkWireless cell phones7.7Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyCorporate Network InfrastructureToday’s corporate networkinfrastructure is a collection ofmany different networks fromthe public switched telephonenetwork, to the Internet, tocorporate local area networkslinking workgroups,departments, or office floors.Figure 7-27.8Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.4

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Key digital networking technologies– Client/server computing Distributed computing model Clients linked through network controlled by networkserver computer Server sets rules of communication for network andprovides every client with an address so others can findit on the network Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing The Internet: largest implementation of client/servercomputing7.9Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Key digital networking technologies (cont.)– Packet switching Method of slicing digital messages into parcels(packets), sending packets along differentcommunication paths as they become available, andthen reassembling packets at destination Previous circuit-switched networks required assemblyof complete point-to-point circuit Packet switching more efficient use of network’scommunications capacity7.10Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.5

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyPacket-Switched Networks and Packet CommunicationsFigure 7-3Data are grouped into small packets, which are transmitted independently over various communicationschannels and reassembled at their final destination.7.11Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTelecommunications and Networking in Today’s Business World Key digital networking technologies (cont.)– TCP/IP and connectivity Protocols: rules that govern transmission of informationbetween two points Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)– Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet Department of Defense reference model for TCP/IP– Four layers»»»»7.12Application layerTransport layerInternet layerNetwork interface layerCopyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.6

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Reference ModelThis figure illustrates the fourlayers of the TCP/IP referencemodel for communications.Figure 7-47.13Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyCommunications Networks Signals: Digital versus analog– Modem: translates digital signals into analog form(and vica versa) Types of networks– Local-area networks (LANs) Ethernet Client/server vs. peer-to-peer– Wide-area networks (WANs)– Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)– Campus area networks (CANs)7.14Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.7

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyFunctions of the ModemFigure 7-5A modem is a device that translates digital signals into analog form (and vice versa) so that computers cantransmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks.7.15Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyCommunications Networks Physical transmission media––––Twisted pair wire (CAT5)Coaxial cableFiber optics cableWireless transmission media and devices Satellites Cellular systems Transmission speed– Bits per second (bps)– Hertz– Bandwidth7.16Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.8

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet The Internet– World’s most extensive network– Internet service providers (ISPs) Provide connections Types of Internet connections– Dial-up: 56.6 Kbps– Digital subscriber line (DSL/FIOS): 385 Kbps–40Mbps– Cable Internet connections: 1–50 Mbps– Satellite– T1/T3 lines: 1.54–45 Mbps7.17Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Internet addressing and architecture– IP addresses The Domain name system (DNS)– Converts IP addresses to domain names– Hierarchical structure– Top-level domains Internet architecture and governance– No formal management: IAB, ICANN, W3C– The future Internet: IPv6 and Internet27.18Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.9

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Domain Name SystemThe Domain Name System is ahierarchical system with a rootdomain, top-level domains,second-level domains, and hostcomputers at the third level.Figure 7-67.19Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyInternet Network ArchitectureThe Internet backbone connectsto regional networks, which inturn provide access to Internetservice providers, large firms,and government institutions.Network access points (NAPs)and metropolitan areaexchanges (MAEs) are hubswhere the backbone intersectsregional and local networksand where backbone ownersconnect with one another.Figure 7-77.20Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.10

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyInteractive Session: OrganizationsThe Battle over Net NeutralityRead the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions– What is network neutrality? Why has the Internetoperated under net neutrality up to this point in time?– Who’s in favor of network neutrality? Who’s opposed?Why?– What would be the impacts on individual users,businesses, and government if Internet providers switchedto a tiered service model?– Are you in favor of legislation enforcing networkneutrality? Why or why not?7.21Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Internet services– E-mail– Chatting and instant messaging– Electronic discussion groups / newsgroups– Telnet– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)– World Wide Web7.22Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.11

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyClient/Server Computing on the InternetFigure 7-8Client computers running Web browser and other software can access an array of services on servers over theInternet. These services may all run on a single server or on multiple specialized servers.7.23Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet– Voice over IP (VoIP) Digital voice communication using IP, packet switching Providers– Cable providers– Google, Skype– Unified communications Communications systems that integrate voice, data,e-mail, conferencing– Virtual private network (VPN) Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet– PPTP– Tunneling7.24Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.12

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyHow Voice over IP WorksFigure 7-97.25A VoIP phone call digitizes and breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along differentroutes before being reassembled at the final destination. A processor nearest the call’s destination, called agateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver orthe IP address of the receiving computer.Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyA Virtual Private Network Using the InternetFigure 7-107.26This VPN is a private network of computers linked using a secure “tunnel” connection over the Internet. Itprotects data transmitted over the public Internet by encoding the data and “wrapping” them within the InternetProtocol (IP). By adding a wrapper around a network message to hide its content, organizations can create aprivate connection that travels through the public Internet.Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.13

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyInteractive Session: ManagementMonitoring Employees on Networks—Unethical or Good Business?Read the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions– Should managers monitor employee e-mail andInternet usage? Why or why not?– Describe an effective e-mail and Web use policyfor a company.– Should managers inform employees that theirWeb behavior is being monitored? Or shouldmanagers monitor secretly? Why or why not?7.27Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet The Web– Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Communications standard used for transferring Webpages– Uniform resource locators (URLs): Addresses of Web pages– ml– Web servers– Software for locating and managing Web pages7.28Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.14

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Search engines– Started as simpler programs using keyword indexes– Google improved indexing and created page rankingsystem Mobile search: 20% of all searches in 2012 Search engine marketing– Major source of Internet advertising revenue Search engine optimization (SEO)– Adjusting Web site and traffic to improve rankings insearch engine results7.29Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyTop U.S. Web Search EnginesGoogle is the most popularsearch engine on the Web,handling 84 percent of allWeb searches.Figure 7-117.30Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.15

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Social search– Google 1, Facebook Like Semantic search– Anticipating what users are looking for rather thansimply returning millions of links Intelligent agent shopping bots– Use intelligent agent software for searching Internetfor shopping information7.31Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyHow Google WorksFigure 7-127.32The Google search engine is continuously crawling the Web, indexing the content of each page, calculating itspopularity, and storing the pages so that it can respond quickly to user requests to see a page. The entireprocess takes about one-half second.Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.16

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Web 2.0– Second-generation services– Enabling collaboration, sharing information, andcreating new services online– Features Interactivity Real-time user control Social participation (sharing) User-generated content7.33Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet– Web 2.0 services and tools Blogs: chronological, informal Web sites created byindividuals– RSS (Really Simple Syndication): syndicates Web content soaggregator software can pull content for use in anothersetting or viewing later– Blogosphere– Microblogging Wikis: collaborative Web sites where visitors can add,delete, or modify content on the site Social networking sites: enable users to buildcommunities of friends and share information7.34Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.17

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Global Internet Web 3.0: The “Semantic Web”– A collaborative effort led by W3C to add layer ofmeaning to the existing Web– Goal is to reduce human effort in searching for andprocessing information– Making Web more “intelligent” and intuitive– Increased communication and synchronization withcomputing devices, communities– “Web of things”– Increased cloud computing, mobile computing7.35Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Wireless Revolution Cellular systems– Competing standards CDMA: United States only GSM: Rest of world, AT&T, T-Mobile– Third-generation (3G) networks 144 Kbps Suitable for e-mail access, Web browsing– Fourth-generation (4G) networks Up to 100 Mbps Suitable for Internet video7.36Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.18

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Wireless Revolution Wireless computer networks and Internetaccess– Bluetooth (802.15) Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-basedcommunication Useful for personal networking (PANs)– Wi-Fi (802.11) Set of standards: 802.11 Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter forconnecting wireless devices to a wired LAN7.37Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyA Bluetooth Network (PAN)Bluetooth enables a variety ofdevices, including cell phones,PDAs, wireless keyboards andmice, PCs, and printers, tointeract wirelessly with eachother within a small 30-foot(10-meter) area. In addition tothe links shown, Bluetooth canbe used to network similardevices to send data from onePC to another, for example.Figure 6-157.38Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.19

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyAn 802.11 Wireless LANMobile laptop computersequipped with wireless networkinterface cards link to the wiredLAN by communicating withthe access point. The accesspoint uses radio waves totransmit network signals fromthe wired network to the clientadapters, which convert theminto data that the mobile devicecan understand. The clientadapter then transmits the datafrom the mobile device back tothe access point, which forwardthe data to the wired network.Figure 7-147.39Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Wireless Revolution Wireless computer networks and Internetaccess– Wi-Fi (cont.) Hotspots: one or more access points in public place toprovide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area Weak security features– WiMax (802.16) Wireless access range of 31 miles Require WiMax antennas7.40Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.20

1/25/2014Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Wireless Revolution Radio frequency identification (RFID)– RFID tags: Tiny tags with embedded microchips contain data about an itemand location Transmit radio signals over short distances to RFID readers– RFID readers: Send data over network to computer for processing– Active RFID: Tags have batteries Data can be rewritten Range is hundreds of feet7.41Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.Management Information SystemsChapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyThe Wireless Revolution RFID (cont.)– Passive RFID: Range is shorter Smaller, less expensive Powered by radio frequency energy– Common uses: Automated toll-collection Tracking goods in a s

Chapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology This VPN is a private network of computers linked using a secure “tunnel” connection over the Internet. It protects data transmitted over the public Internet by encoding the data and “wrapping” them within the Internet Protocol (IP).

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