Harvard Guidance To Citing References Within Learner Work
Harvard guidance to citing referenceswithin learner workContents1. Text, Electronic & Written WordBooks, printed journals, newspapers or magazines, e-Journals.2. Audio-visual MaterialsTV Programmes, DVD, YouTube, Live Performances & Plays3. Online MaterialsWebsites, Wikis, Podcasts4. SoftwareComputer programmes5. Personal CommunicationsEmails, Unpublished interviewsThis guide provides practical advice and examples to helpyou create references for information sources using Harvardstyle formats. Some courses may use other referencingstyles. Please check the details for your course before usingthis guide. If you are unsure, contact your Pearsonrepresentative or course lead at your centre.Pearson 2016
When producing an academic assignment you are required to acknowledge the work ofothers by citing references in the text and creating a list of references or bibliography at theend. There are two steps involved:-In-text citationsA list of full references at the end of your workStep 1: In-text citationsIn-text citations enable you to indicate in your work where you have used ideas or materialfrom other sources and authors. Here are some examples using the Harvard style. If, forexample, your source is a book written by Jones and published in 2014, your in-textreferences would follow one of these three formats:. Further work (Jones, 2014) supports this claim. Further work by Jones (2014) supports this claim. ‘This theory is supported by recent work’ (Jones, 2014, p. 123).Step 2: List full references at the end of your workEverything you have cited in the text of your work, for example journal articles, web pages,podcasts, etc., should be listed in alphabetical order at the end. This is the reference list.Each reference should include everything you need to identify the item. You need to identifythe source type (e.g. book, journal article) and use the correct referencing format from thisguide to create the reference. If you include items that are not specifically cited but arerelevant to the text or of potential interest to the reader, then that is a bibliography.Generally speaking, the key pieces of information for a reference in Harvard style tend tobe:Author, A. A. and Other-Author, B. B. (Year Date) ‘Title of item’, Title of Overall Work [Itemtype/information], Publisher information, location of publisher.Jones, J (2014) Walks on the Sussex Downs, RCS Press, Brighton.Secondary source referencesYou may want to use a quotation or an idea from a source referenced within a work youhave read. This is known as ‘secondary referencing’. You need to make it clear in your workthat are referencing the secondary source, for example:In-text citation: Jones, cited in Smith (2014), loves country walks.In the reference list you would provide details for the source you read it in, for example:Southern/Pearson/2016
Smith, J. (2014) Country walks around the Downs, Brighton, RCS Press.1. Books, texts, electronic written wordBooksIn-text citation:(Author, year of publication, page number) or Author (year of publication) says Full reference:Author, A. (year of publication) Title of Book, Place of publication, Publisher.Printed Journal articlesIn-text citation:(Author, year of publication) or Author (year of publication) states.Full reference:Author, A. (year of publication) ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, volume [abbreviated to vol.],number [abbreviated to no.], page number(s) [abbreviated to p. or pp.].For example;(Jones, 1992) Jones, S. (1992) ‘Walking the Downs for beginners; a short guide’, The GeneralWalkers Guide, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 5–66.E-Journal ArticlesIn-text citation:(Author, year of publication) or Author (year of publication) states.Full reference:Author, A. (year of publication) ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, volume [abbreviated to vol.],number [abbreviated to no.] [Online]. Available at URL (Accessed date).Southern/Pearson/2016
For example:(Jones, 1992) Jones, S. (1992) ‘Walking the Downs for beginners; a short guide’, The GeneralWalkers Guide, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 5–66. http://walkingthedownsagain.com (Accessed 4th July1999)Newspaper or magazine articlesIn-text citation:(Author, year of publication) or Author (year of publication) says Full reference:Author, A. (year of publication) ‘Title of the article’, Title of the Newspaper, date, pagenumber.2. Audio-visual MaterialsTV ProgrammesIn-text citation:(Title of Programme, year of broadcast) or Title of Programme (year of broadcast) shows Full reference:Title of Programme (year of broadcast) Channel, date of transmission.For example:Eastenders (2014) BBC1, 29th September.If you are accessing the programme online, for example via the BBC iPlayer, then you wouldamend the reference as follows: Eastenders (2014) BBC 1, 29 September [Online]. Availableat www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer (Accessed 16 June 2015).DVDIn-text citation:Southern/Pearson/2016
(‘Title of episode’, year of release) or ‘Title of episode’ (year of release) shows.Full reference:‘Title of episode’ (year of release) Title of Programme, series number if available, episodenumber if available. Directed by Director's Name. Written by Writer's Name. Date of originalbroadcast if available [DVD]. Place of distribution: Distribution Company.For example:‘Phil buys the Queen Vic’ (2014) Eastenders, series 23, episode 1. Directed by C. Reason.Written by M Sturgess. First Broadcast 2014, BBC, BBC House.YouTube ItemsIn-text citation:(Title of Item, date uploaded) or Title of Item (date uploaded) says.Full reference:Title of Item (date uploaded) YouTube video, added by Name of uploader [Online]. Availableat URL (Accessed date).For example:My Nursing Lab (13th April 2016) YouTube video, added by Pearson Higher Education[Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v HQn6SkFzrwI (24th April 2016)Live Performances and PlaysIn-text citation:(Title of Play, year of performance) or Title of Play (year of performance) illustrates that.Full reference:Title of Play by Author (year of performance). Directed by Director [Venue, Location. Dateseen].For example:Southern/Pearson/2016
The Hour We Knew Nothing of Each Other by Peter Handke. (1992) Directed by JamesMacDonald. [National Theatre, London. 2008].3. Online materialsWebsitesIn-text citation:(Author, year of publication/last updated) or Author (year of publication/last updated)states.Full reference:Author, A. (year of publication/last updated) Title of Website [Online]. Available at URL(Accessed date).For example:Jones, J. (2016/12th January) Pearson qualifications [Online]. Available ons/btec-nationals.html (Accessed 18th April)WikisIn-text citation:(Title of wiki, year last modified) or Title of wiki (year last modified) states .Full reference:Title of wiki (year last modified) Article Title [Online], date last modified. Available at URL(Accessed date).For example:Pearson College (2016) Pearson College UK [Online], 19th October 2015. Available athttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson College (United Kingdom) (Accessed 18th April 2016)PodcastsIn-text citation:Southern/Pearson/2016
(Author/presenter, year of publication) or Author/presenter (year of publication) states.Full reference:Author/presenter (year of publication) ‘Title of podcast’, Title of Internet Site [Podcast]. Date.Available at URL (Accessed date).4. SoftwareComputer programmesThe developer of a computer program or application software may be an individual or acompany. The date is the year the application was first released.In-text citation:(Author or developer, year of release) or Author or developer (year of release) shows.Full reference:Author, A. (year of release) Program Title (Version) [Computer program]. Available at URL(Accessed date).For example:Macromedia (1997) Adobe Dreamweaver (Version 3) [Dreamweaver]. Available athttp://www.adobe.com/products/dreamweaver.html (Accessed 14th April)5. Personal CommunicationsEmailsIn-text citation:(Sender, year of email) or Sender (year of email) says Full reference:Sender, A. (year of email) Email to Recipient Name, date of message.For example:Jones, J (2014) Email to Sammy Jay, 24th April 2014)Southern/Pearson/2016
Unpublished InterviewsIn-text citation:(Interviewee, year of interview) or Interviewee (year of interview) claimed that.Full reference:Interviewee, A. (year of interview) Unpublished interview conducted by Interviewer Name,date of interview.Jones, J. (1998) Unpublished interview conducted by Nasma Sadiq, 29/9/97.Southern/Pearson/2016
Each reference should include everything you need to identify the item. You need to identify the source type (e.g. book, journal article) and use the correct referencing format from this guide to create the reference. If you include items that are not specifically cited but are relevant to the text or of potential interest to the reader, then that is a bibliography. Generally speaking, the key .
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Some books may contain chapters written by different authors. When citing work from such a book, the author who wrote the chapter should be cited, not the editor of the book. 5.8 Secondary referencing Secondary references are when an author refers to another author’s work and the primary source is not available. When citing such work the author of the primary source and the author of the .
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6 e) Citing a Work by Title: If you are citing a work for which no author is named, such as The Chicago Manual of Style, use a shortened version of the title—(Chicago 305). 2. In citing famous literary works, such as Shakespeare's plays, include information about act, scene, and line numbers—(Othello 4.2.7-
