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THE TERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGTERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGIssue 12 January-June 2016In this Issue2Sahel and Maghreb: Enhancing TransnationalCooperation in Terrorism-Related Cases3EU Funded Action fir the Maghreb:Effective Investigation and Prosecution ofTerrorism Financing Cases4Global: Preventing Radicalization and ViolentExtremism as related to Foreign TerroristFighters in the Spotlight of the UNODCHedayah Conference5Afghanistan: Supporting and ProtectingVictims of Acts of Terrorism5Burkina Faso: Assisting on Provisions againstForeign Terrorist Fighters and BuildingCounter-Terrorism Capacity6Iraq: Comprehensive Review of CounterTerrorism Draft Law7Jordan: Supporting National Efforts inCountering the Financing of Terrorism7Jordan: Completing Phase I with a MootCourt on Terrorism-Related Cases8Libya: Italian Carabinieri Hosts a LibyanDelegation in Velletri within the framework ofthe EU-Funded Action for the Maghreb9Nigeria: UNODC and EU Launch a Follow-upProject for Nigeria9Tunisia: Assisting in Ensuring Effectivenessof New Tunisian Counter-TerrorismLegislation10Yemen: Training on the criminal justiceresponses to terrorist financing and the misuseof the Internet by terrorists11Colombia: New Guide for CriminalInvestigationsEditorialI would like to invite you to read a new issue of the UNODCTerrorism Prevention Branch (UNDOC/TPB) Briefing covering ourrecent achievements and strategic priorities during the first half of2016.Terrorism continues to pose an unprecedented threat to peace andstability all over the world. We have witnessed the spread ofterrorism to additional countries and an increase in the frequency ofterrorist attacks, focusing on staging mass-casualty attacks. At thesame time, terrorists have become more active in the Internet,attracting more supporters and sympathizers and targetingespecially the youth and children, and have identified new financialsources.The month of June was marked by the Fifth Review of the UNGlobal Counter-Terrorism Strategy by the General Assembly, whichalso welcomed the Secretary-General’s Plan of Action to PreventViolent Extremism and noted with appreciation the capacitybuilding undertaken by the UN entities, including UNODC. As theSecretary-General said in his remarks at the Strategy Review,“While Member States bear the primary responsibility for theimplementation of the Global Strategy, the UN System stands readyto provide strong, well-coordinated support ”UNODC/TPB has been continuously assisting Member States, uponrequest, in the implementation of the Strategy through strengtheningtheir criminal justice sector to counter terrorism. In particular, wehave further mobilized our resources to provide assistance andexpertise on the new and emerging threats, such as foreign terroristfighters and their radicalization, the destruction of cultural heritageby terrorists, the spread of violent extremist ideologies andnarratives, terrorists benefiting from transnational organized crime(TOC) and terrorism and children allegedly involved with terroristgroups.In May at the 25th session of the UN Crime Commission, MemberStates also held a thematic discussion on criminal justice responsesto prevent and counter terrorism. Based on the guide produced bythe Branch, the speakers elaborated on key policy, legal andoperational challenges with a focus on specific thematic areas suchas international cooperation, the financing of terrorism, foreignterrorist fighters, transport-related terrorism offences, CBRNterrorism and respect for human rights while countering terrorism.Furthermore, UNODC/TPB co-organized three side events, i.e. onthe alternatives to pre-trial detention in terrorism cases, jointly withthe United States, on the nexus between terrorism and TOC inEastern Africa, in partnership with the UNODC Regional Office forEast Africa and INTERPOL, as well as a special event on children,violent extremism and terrorism, together with Canada, Norway,Qatar, Switzerland and the UNODC Justice Section.Our multi-year efforts, together with our partners, in promotinginternational legal instruments against terrorism contributed to theentry into force of the 2005 Amendment to the Convention on the1

THE TERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGPhysical Protection of Nuclear Material on 8 May. This crucial breakthrough has been achieved thanks to concurrentratifications by 10 Member States, which were announced only a few months after a joint UNODC and IAEA workshopheld with the financial support of the United Kingdom to foster the Amendment’s entry into force.Furthermore, the legislative assistance by our experts facilitated the adoption of a new counter-terrorism law by BurkinaFaso and Niger and an in-depth and comprehensive review of Iraq’s counter-terrorism draft law. We also continued tobuild the capacity of requesting Member States to prevent and counter terrorism and enhance international and regionaljudicial cooperation. In this issue you will also learn about our technical assistance for Afghanistan, Jordan, Libya,Nigeria, Tunisia and Yemen focusing on various aspects of terrorism prevention, especially on cutting off terrorists’financial flows and the misuse of the modern communication technologies by terrorists.Our work would not be achieved without the important voluntary contributions from the Member States, such as morethan 4,5 million dollars from Japan in support of our work in West and Central African and MENA countries and 4,5million euros from the EU for a multi-year programme for Nigeria. I wish to take this opportunity to once again thank ourdonor countries and entities for their important support, including at the policy and expert levels.With best regards,Trevor Michael Rajah,Chief, Terrorism Prevention BranchUnited Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeSahel and Maghreb: Enhancing Transnational Cooperationin Terrorism-Related CasesEnhancing transnational cooperationis unanimously identified as apriority in the fight against terrorismglobally and regionally. The need forcloser cooperation was particularlyemphasized for Sahel and MaghrebStates by the Security Council in itsresolution 2195 (2014). In particular,operative paragraph 11 “urges allMember States, notably Sahel andMaghreb States, to coordinate theirefforts to prevent the serious threatposed to international and regionalsecurity by terrorist groups crossingborders and seeking safe havens inthe Sahel region, to enhancecooperation and coordination inorder to develop inclusive andeffective strategies to combat in acomprehensiveandintegratedmanner the activities of terroristgroups, and to prevent the expansionof those groups as well as to limit theproliferation of all arms andtransnational organized crime”.In this context, the UNODCTerrorismPreventionBranch(UNODC) held two regionalworkshops for Maghreb and Sahelcountries aiming at “Strengtheningcriminal legal assistance in terrorismcases, including in connection withorganized crime” and at addressingthe challenges related to “The useand exchange by judicial authorities19 to 21 April 2016 respectively.They brought together seniorrepresentatives from courts andministries in charge of investigationsand international cooperation fromParticipants of the regional workshop for Maghreb and Sahel countries held in Tunis from 19 to21 April 2016.of intelligence and classifiedinformation in terrorism cases”. Bothworkshops were held with thefunding from the Government of theUnited States of America in Tunisfrom 21 to 23 March 2016 and fromAlgeria, Burkina Faso, Mali,Mauritania, Morocco, Niger andTunisia. The international expertsfrom France, Spain, and the UnitedStates of America as well as officialsfrom the African Union, Europol,2

THE TERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGINTERPOL, and the League of ArabStates also substantively contributedto the workshops.The objective of the workshops wasto expose criminal justice officersfrom Maghreb and Sahel to relevantlegal frameworks, mechanisms,challenges and best practices in thearea of international judicialcooperation and the use ofintelligence in terrorism-relatedcases. This was achieved by buildingon the results of UNODC/TPB’stechnical assistance in this area at theregional and national levels, as wellas on its contribution to theelaboration of practical tools at theinternational level, such as thevarious GCTF good practices andrecommendations.Good practices and organizationalexperiences at the international levelto facilitate mutual legal assistancewere addressed.This includedestablishmentofspecializedcooperation offices within centralauthorities,specializationofmagistrates, handling of translationconstraints related to languagebarriers, as well as the developmentof good practices to improve theprocess of mutual legal assistancerequests.The latter includeprioritizingprocessingofapplications within jurisdictions,focus on consistent execution ofapplications (including applicationof foreign proceedings whenever thisis possible), use of new technologies(including the issue of advancedcopies), specialization and trainingof magistrates, and sharing ofknowledge of the instruments andmethods within jurisdictions relevantin terrorism and organized crimematters.Experts and officials from thenationalauthoritiesintensivelydiscussed the need and challengesfor a whole-of-government approachto counter-terrorism with regard totherelationshipsbetweenprosecutors, investigating judges,intelligence services and lawenforcement. The specific aspects ofthe role of prosecutors and judges indeclassification and inclusion ofprotected or sensitive information inthe case file, as well as mechanismsand procedures to protect thedisclosure of sources and collectionmethods and the anonymity andintegrity of intelligence officers,were also addressed. Furthermore,participants were offered possiblesolutions to enhance internationalcooperation and intelligence sharingin counter-terrorism matters.Finally, participants discussed thechallenges and recommendations forrespecting human rights at all stagesof the criminal justice process,including as related to the use onalcooperationwithrespecttoextradition andmutuallegalassistance in terrorism cases. Suchtopics as the prohibition of tortureand cruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment, the right to a fair trial orthe use of diplomatic guaranteeswere also addressed.The two regional workshops will befollowed by several activities in theboth regions at the national andregional levels, with the aim tocontinuebuildingcooperationbetween Sahel and Maghrebcountries in line with SecurityCouncil resolution 2195 (2014).EU-Funded Action in the Maghreb: Effective Investigation andProsecution of Terrorism Financing CasesThe third regional seminar of thefour-year joint initiative of UNODCandtheCounter-TerrorismCommittee Executive Directorate,funded by the European Union, washeld in Algiers from 2-4 February2016.About 60 participants from thebeneficiary countries as well as fromcountries from the MENA regionand international and regionalorganizations attended the workshop.In addition to senior representativesfrom Algeria, Libya, Mauritania andMorocco, experts from Belgium,France, Italy, Lebanon and SpainThe third regional seminar was held in Algiers within the framework of the UNODC-CTED jointinitiative for Maghreb countries funded by the EU.participated in the debate sharingtheir respective national experiencebyassessingchallengesandpresenting good practices to addressthem. Regional and internationalorganizations such as the ArabMaghreb Union, Counter-TerrorismImplementationTaskForce,INTERPOL, the League of ArabStates, the African Centre for theStudy and Research on Terrorism,and the Ombudsperson to the ISIL(Da'esh) and Al-Qaida SanctionsCommittee engaged very actively inthe various sessions providing abroader overview of the topic andsharing good approaches.Criminal justice and investigativeofficials face many challenges inpreventing and countering themisuse of funds for terroristfinancingpurposes.Proactivefinancial investigation before thecommissionofterroristactscompliant with the rule of law andhuman rights is crucial. The meeting3

THE TERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGalso highlighted the benefits andchallenges of including a financialinvestigation component in anycounter-terrorisminvestigation.Special attention was given to theeffective use of financial ,includingtheirpowerstoblockfinancialtransactions. The workshop alsoaimed to discuss with participantspotential sources of the financing ofterrorism in the region as well as tosensitize to new trends of movingand transferring funds. Practicalcases and case studies were used toensurefullinteractionandparticipation by the attendees.Sessions were technical and covered,among others, issues related to: current terrorist financing threatsinternationally and in theMaghreb region; criminalization of the terroristfinancing offenses and thechallengesinprosecutingterrorist financing cases inaccordance with the rule of lawand in full respect for humanrights; internalcoordinationandinformation-sharing on terroristfinancing issues, including withthe private sector; freezing of terrorist assetscompliant with human rightsprinciples; challengesinimplementingtargeted financial sanctions; misuse of the non-profit sectorfor terrorist financing purposes;and promotion of international andregional cooperation on terrorismfinancing.Algerian authorities expressed theirfull appreciation for hosting such animportant regional event and alltechnical assistance provided by theUNODCTerrorismPreventionBranch since 2013, highlighting itsrelevance for national counterterrorism needs and priorities.Global: Preventing Radicalization and Violent Extremism related toForeign Terrorist Fighters in theSpotlight of the UNODC-Hedayah ConferenceThe International Conference xtremism as Related to the ForeignTerrorist Fighter (FTF) Threat wasorganizedbyUNODCincooperation with the Hedayah Centreof Excellence on Countering ViolentExtremism in Abu Dhabi from 26 to28 April 2016.among the Gulf, Middle Eastern andNorth African countries, as well asAfghanistan. Gathering more than 70senior experts from the participatingcountries and from Africa, Asia,Europe and North America, theevent provided a framework forpresentationsandin-depthdiscussions on practical aspects,such as building and implementingan efficient and rule-of-law-basedIn Abu Dhabi, more than 70 officials took part in the UNODC-Hedayah International Conference onPreventing and Countering Radicalization and Violent Extremism as Related to Foreign TerroristFighters.The purpose of the conference wasto address policy and criminal justicestrategies to radicalization toviolence, in the context of the FTFrelated threat, through the exchangeof experiences and good practicesnational strategy for andprosecutorialchallenges of violent extremismrelated terrorism offences, the use ofthe Internet for recruitment andtraining purposes by terroristorganizations,aswellasradicalization to violence in prisonsettings and challenges related toreturning FTFs.The conference also focused on thekey role of civil society, in particularthrough victims of roachesandcountering terrorist narratives, aswell as of the private sector,particularly in light of thecooperation with relevant nationalentities.The international conference in AbuDhabi was a follow-up to twoprevious regional events held in theUnited Arab Emirates in 2013 and2014. It also contributed Terrorism Prevention Branch withMember States of the Gulf region atthe bilateral, regional or internationallevels with several projects in thepipeline. The Conference wasorganized thanks to the generoussupport of the Government of Japan.4

THE TERRORISM PREVENTION BRANCH BRIEFINGAfghanistan: Supporting and Protecting Victims of Acts of TerrorismUNODC/TPB organized a trainingworkshop for Afghan officials on the“Support and Protection of Victimsof Acts of Terrorism: InternationalFramework and Good Practices”, inAbu Dhabi from 9-10 March 2016.The event brought together nationaldelegatesrepresentingrelevantgovernmental agencies, such as theLegislativeCommittee(UpperHouse of Parliament), the Ministryof Foreign Affairs, the SupremeCourt, representatives of civilsociety, as well as internationalexperts in the field. The event aimedat identifying international goodpractices for the effective supportand protection of victims of acts ofterrorism, in the context ofinternational human rights standards.During the two-day workshop,participants shared experiencesconcerning the protection andsupport provided to victims duringcriminal proceedings ive measures, restorativejustice and compensation for victimsof serious crime, challenges to interagencycollaborationandinternational cooperation, and therole of civil society in measures forthe support of victims.Thetrainingworkshopwasorganized as a follow-up event to aprevious meeting with Afghanofficials held in November 2014within the framework of Pillar I(Victimology) of the Joint Plan ofAction 2014-2016 signed betweenthe Government of Afghanistan andUNODC/TPB. This previous eventconcluded with the adoption of a setof recommendations to strengthenthe protection and assistance tovictims of acts of terrorism inAfghanistan. Progress on theimplementation – in accordance withthe national legal framework – ofsuch a policy guidance documentwas discussed. The Government ofAfghanistan informed about theadvancement made in adopting therecommendations,whicharecurrently being used as the basis forthe discussion, and initial drafting ofprovisions that will be incorporatedinto the national legal framework onvictims after undergoing thelegislative process.Burkina Faso: Assisting on Provisions against Foreign Terrorist FightersThe Government of Burkina Fasoadopted an updated counterterrorism law in December 2015.The new law features provisions toaddress the threat posed by foreignterrorist fighters (FTF), a risingconcern for Sahel countries and theinternational community at large.As part of its ongoing counterterrorism assistance to Burkina Faso,UNODC assisted the Burkinabèlegal drafters and legislators toensure the inclusion of the FTFphenomenon in December 2015updated counter-terrorism law. Anofficial of Burkina Faso noted:“UNODC played a direct role inincorporating provisions related toFTFs most notably thanks to aworkshop on FTFs held in Dakar inOctober 2015, as well as through thedelivery of a number of activities inthe framework of the Sahel JudicialPlatform [established with thesupport of UNODC].”UNODC experts had also supportedthe drafting of the 2009 counterterrorism law, and they continue tosupport the Burkinabe Governmentto achieve the alignment of domesticlaws with international norms andstandards, including especially thoserelated to human rights.Despite the counter-terrorism effortsofthenationalgovernment,Ouagadougou, the capital of thecountry, remains exposed to terroristthreats, as evidenced by the 15January 2016 attacks. This tragedyconfirms that terrorist cells areoperating within the country, whichshares a border with Mali. Recentevents in the region testify thatterrorists are expanding their sphereof influence, increasingly targetingSahel countries.RecentlyUNODChasalsoconducted a series of three trainingworkshops on rule of law-basedinvestigation and prosecution ofterrorism-relatedcases,inOuagadougou, from 19 to 22 April2016, 14 to 17 June and 20 to 23June 2016. They were aimed atenhancing the knowledge and skillsof the criminal justice and lawenforcement officials to effectivelyinvestigate and prosecute terrorismcases in compliance with the rule oflaw. These

terrorist fighters, transport-related terrorism offences, CBRN terrorism and respect for human rights while countering terrorism. Furthermore, UNODC/TPB co-organized three side events, i.e. on the alternatives to pre-trial detention in terrorism cases, jointly with the United States, on the nexus between terrorism and TOC in

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