Red Team Handbook - United States Army
University ofForeign MilitaryAndCultural studiesRed Team HandbookApril 2012DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTIONThis handbook is approved for public release.Distribution is unlimited.
Table of ContentTable of ContentTable of Content.iIntroduction .1SECTION I: Red Team Fundamentals and Methodology .3SECTION II: Interpersonal Skills .13Communications.13Negotiations .15Group Dynamics.17Personality Instruments .18SECTION III: Operational Environment .21The 13 Critical Variables .221. Physical Environment .222. Nature and Stability of Critical Actors .223. Sociological Demographics .234. Culture.235. Regional and Global Relationships .246. Military Capabilities .247. Information .258. Technology.259. External Organizations .2610. National Will and Will of Critical Actors.2611. Time .2712. Economics.2813. Religion .29Mapping the Critical Variables to PMESII PT and METTTC .29SECTION IV: Theory and the Challenges of HumanCognition—Their Effect on Decision Making .33Theory .33The Challenges of Human Thinking .38Analytic Decision making .48i
Table of ContentIntuitive Decision making .49Mental Simulation .49SECTION V: Design and Problem Framing .55The Meaning of [Operational] Design: .55Red Team Role in the Army Design Methodology:.58Problem Framing .59SECTION VI: Plans and operations .65Military Decision Making Process .65Assessment Process .79Validating Assumptions .91Challenges to Effective Planning .99SECTION VII: Culture .111SECTION VIII: Critical Analysis and Reviews .125SECTION IX: Reachback.135SECTION X: Research .137SECTION XI: Structured Analytic Techniques, .139Red Team Techniques and Procedures .1409 Step Cultural Methodology .140Cultural Perception Framework .145Pre-mortem Analysis.163ADSO “String of Pearls” Analysis Tool.165Structured Analytic Techniques .173Stakeholder Mapping .173Diagnostic Techniques.176Key Assumptions Check .176Quality of Information Check .178Indicators or Signposts of Change .180Deception Detection .182Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) .184Contrarian Techniques.186Devil’s Advocacy .186Team A/Team B .189ii
Table of ContentHigh-Impact/Low-Probability Analysis .191“What If?” Analysis .193Imaginative Thinking Techniques.195Brainstorming .195Outside-In Thinking .198Red Team Analysis .199Alternative Futures Analysis .202Argument Deconstruction Framework (and CommonLogic Fallacies) .205Problem Restatement.209Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats(SWOT) .210Strategies for Using Structured Analytic Techniques .212SECTION XII: Briefing Standards .215Proposed Introductory Red Team Briefing .215Briefing 101 .217Elevator Briefs .218SECTION XIII: Topical Bibliography .221SECTION XIV: Index .244Index of Red Team Tools and ResourcesRed Team - key questionsThe 13 Critical VariablesCritical MDMP QuestionsRed Team actions during MDMPRed Team assessment questionsRed Team assumption questionsCritical review stepsReachbackResearchRed Team Techniques and Procedures9 Step Cultural MethodologyCultural Perception Frameworkiii10226670-778894127135137140140145
Table of ContentPremortem AnalysisADSO String of PearlsStructured Analytic TechniquesStakeholder AnalysisDiagnostic TechniquesKey Assumption CheckQuality of Information CheckIndicators of Signposts or ChangeDeception DetectionAnalysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH)Contrarian TechniquesDevil’s AdvocacyTeam A/Team BHigh Impact/Low Probability AnalysisWhat If? AnalysisImaginative Thinking TechniquesBrainstormingOutside-In ThinkingRed Team AnalysisAlternative Futures AnalysisArgument DeconstructionProblem RestatementSWOTStrategies for Structured Analytic 91193195195198199202205209210212Introductory Red Team BriefBriefing 101Elevator Brief215217218iv
IntroductionIntroductionThe concept of “Red Teaming” has made its way into Joint andArmy Doctrine. Commander’s integration and understanding ofRed Teaming is evident in the commitment of resources tosupport decision making. Red Teams are found in CombatantCommands’ Joint Intelligence Operations Centers, theDepartment of the Army and Navy Staff, and from Army ServiceComponent Command to Brigade Combat Team in the US Army.Although the Army pioneered the idea, it is no longer only an ArmyConcept. The US Navy, for example recently published aMaritime Commanders’ Red Team Handbook. Decision SupportRed Teams have demonstrated value.The purpose of this handbook is three fold:1. It is a first step to develop doctrine for red teaming. Thereis no intent to enshrine the techniques that follow asdoctrine but rather to retain them as tactics, techniques,and procedures.2. The handbook is a guide and means of instruction forusers and an aide memoire for graduates.3. The Red Team Handbook provides a
3. The Red Team Handbook provides a menu of red team tactics, techniques, and procedures. Many ideas exist concerning Red Teaming. Views vary on how to conduct Red Teaming and what a Red Team should do. UFMCS defines Red Teaming as a function to avoid groupthink, mirror imaging, cult
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Index to Indiana Statistics in the Decennial Censuses Contents 3rd Census of the United States (1810) 2 4th Census of the United States (1820) 3 5th Census of the United States (1830) 4 6th Census of the United States (1840) 5 7th Census of the United States (1850) 7 8th Census of the United States (1860) 10 9th Census of the United States (1870) 17
Henry Spinelli, MD – United States Sherard A. Tatum, MD – United States Jesse A. Taylor, MD – United States Mark M. Urata, MD – United States John van Aalst, MD – United States Steven Wall, MD – United Kingdom S. Anthony Wolfe, MD – United States Vincent Yeow, MD – Singapore
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