Toyota And Lexus Reference

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Toyota and Lexus ReferenceTA133Subject:Evaporative emission (EVAP) system design, operation and diagnostic tipsfor 1996–2001 Toyota and Lexus OBD-II vehicles.Source:Toyota technical service bulletin EG005-01 (April 2001) andLexus technical service bulletin EG002-01 (April 2001)This reference provides information on EVAP system design, operation, and diagnosis. Thereare two basic types of Toyota EVAP systems: Early Type (non-intrusive) EVAP system. Late Type (intrusive) EVAP system.In addition, the Echo uses a modified version of the late, or intrusive, system that has someunique characteristics. Each system is discussed separately. Use the tables below todetermine which system is used on the test vehicle. Table TA133-1 lists Toyota models andTable TA133-2 lists Lexus models.Table TA133-1 Toyota cho————LateLateLand ———EarlyEarlyTable TA133-2 Lexus models (part 1 of 569

TA133Toyota and Lexus ReferenceTable TA133-2 Lexus models (part 2 of �EarlyEarlyEarlyLate—Early Type (Non-Intrusive) EVAP SystemThe early type, or non-intrusive, EVAP system is used on all 1999 and earlier models(Figure TA133-1). System failures may be indicated by DTCs: P0440, P0441, and P0446.Figure TA133-1Purge OperationWhen the engine reaches predetermined parameters (closed loop, engine temperaturesabove 125 F, and others), the electronic control module (ECM) opens the purgevacuum-switching valve (VSV) and stored fuel vapors are purged from the canister.TA1570

TA133Toyota and Lexus ReferenceThe ECM changes the duty cycle ratio of the purge VSV thus controlling purge flow volume.Purge flow volume is determined by manifold pressure and the purge VSV duty cycle.Atmospheric pressure is allowed into the canister to ensure that purge flow is constantlymaintained whenever purge vacuum is applied to the canister.Onboard Refueling Vapory Recovery (ORVR) OperationTwo things happen during refueling:1. Low pressure above the diaphragm in the onboard recovery valve lifts, allowing fuelvapors into the charcoal canister2. The air drain valve opens and the charcoal absorbs the fuel vaporsEarly Type EVAP System DTCsP0440: EVAP Monitor Leak OperationThe ECM tests for leaks by measuring EVAP system pressure in the lines, charcoal canister,and fuel tank. The vapor pressure sensor measures EVAP pressure by comparing tankpressure to atmospheric pressure.The ECM determines that there is no leak when the EVAP pressure is higher or lower thanatmospheric pressure.The ECM determines that there is a leak when either the tank or canister purge side is atatmospheric pressure under specific conditions.If DTC P0440 is present, the leak is on the fuel tank side of the EVAP system. This alsoincludes the lines between the fuel tank and part of the canister. The ECM may take 20minutes or more to complete testing the fuel tank side.P0441: Vapor Purge FlowThe EVAP monitor is designed to detect: Restricted vapor purge flow when the purge VSV is open Inappropriate vapor purge flow when the purge VSV is closedUnder normal purge conditions, pressure pulsations generated by the cycling of the purgeVSV are present in the canister and detected by the vapor pressure sensor.P0446: Canister Leak DetectionWhen the ECM switches the vapor pressure VSV to canister side, the ECM measurescanister pressure. A leak on the canister side can set multiple DTCs.P0446: Three-Way VSVThe three-way VSV is connected to the vapor pressure sensor, canister, and fuel tank. ThisVSV allows the vapor pressure sensor to detect either canister or tank pressure.The ECM uses two modes to determine if the three-way VSV is malfunctioning. The three-way VSV is judged to be normal if there is pressure difference between thetank and canister when the three-way VSV looks at the charcoal canister and fuel tankside of system. The three-way VSV is judged to be malfunctioning if there is no pressure differencebetween the fuel tank and canister. If this is the case, the ECM then looks for the followingconditions:TA1571

TA133Toyota and Lexus Reference– During purging, if pressure pulsations generated by the purge VSV are not present inthe canister as detected by the vapor pressure sensor, the ECM determines thethree-way VSV to be defective.– If there are pressure pulsations detected by the vapor pressure sensor present in thefuel tank, the three-way VSV is judged to be defective.Late Type (Intrusive) EVAP SystemThe late, or intrusive, type EVAP system was introduced in model year 2000(Figure TA133-2). This system was developed to meet the very stringent, mandated standardof being able to detect a hole as small as 0.020 inch (0.5 mm). This system uses many of thesame components as the early type EVAP system. The purge, vacuum relief, pressure relief,and onboard refueling vapory recovery (ORVR) operations are identical to the earliernon-intrusive system. Late type (intrusive) system failures may be indicated by DTCs: P0440,P0441, P0442, and P0446.Figure TA133-2Late Type EVAP System FeaturesThe Late Type EVAP System has the following characteristics: Vapor Pressure Sensor—the vapor pressure sensor is connected to the fuel tank. VSV—the bypass VSV is in the place of the three-way VSV. CCV—the canister closed valve (CCV) is on the air inlet line.TA1572

TA133Toyota and Lexus Reference Monitor Sequence—the monitoring sequence for leak detection is different from that ofthe early type system. The intrusive design applies a very small vacuum to the EVAPsystem. The electronic control module (ECM) then determines if there is a problem in thesystem based on the vapor pressure sensor signal. Tank Side—the bypass VSV and the fill check valve assembly isolates the tank pressureside from the canister side. Canister Side—the bypass VSV and the Fill Check valve also isolate the canister fromthe tank.Late Type EVAP System DTCsP0440 and P0442: Hole DetectionThe rate of pressure increase as detected by the vapor pressure signal indicates if there is aleak and if it is a large or small leak.After purge VSV operation, the purge VSV is turned off—sealing the vacuum in the system—and the ECM begins to monitor the pressure increase. Some increase of pressure is normal. A very rapid, sharp increase in pressure indicates an EVAP system leak and setsDTC P0440. A pressure rise just above normal indicates a very small hole, which sets DTC P0442.P0441: Purge VSV OperationAt a predetermined point, the ECM closes the CCV and opens the bypass VSV causing avacuum increase in the entire EVAP system.The ECM continues to operate the purge VSV until vacuum increases to a specified point,then the ECM closes the purge VSV.P0446: Vent Control, CCV OperationThis stage checks the CCV and vent (air inlet side) operation. When the vapor pressure risesto a specified point, the ECM opens the CCV. Pressure increases rapidly because of the airallowed into the system. No increase or an increase below specified rate of pressure increaseindicates a restriction of the air inlet side.P0446: Bypass VSV OperationIn the next stage, the ECM closes the bypass VSV. This action blocks air entering the tankside of the system. The pressure rise on the fuel tank side is no longer as great. If there wasno change in pressure, the ECM concludes the bypass VSV did not close.Echo Late Type (Intrusive) EVAP SystemThe Echo uses a late-type, intrusive EVAP system with some small differences(Figure TA133-3).Echo Late Type EVAP System FeaturesThe Echo EVAP system has the following characteristics: The canister closed valve (CCV) is located directly on the canister. The bypass vacuum-switching valve (bypass VSV) has been eliminated.TA1573

TA133Toyota and Lexus Reference The monitor sequence begins with a cold start. The intake air temperature (IAT) andengine coolant temperature (ECT) sensors must read about the same temperature. TheECM constantly monitors fuel tank pressure. As fuel temperature increases, pressureslowly rises. With bypass VSV closed, pressure continues to rise in the fuel tank.Figure TA133-3Echo Late Type EVAP System DTCsP0440 and P0442: Hole DetectionThe rate of pressure increase as detected by the vapor pressure signal indicates if there is aleak and if it is a large or small leak. After purge VSV operation is complete, the purge VSV isturned off and the ECM begins to monitor pressure increase. Some increase is normal. A very rapid, sharp increase in pressure indicates a large leak and sets DTC P0440. A pressure rise just above normal indicates a very small hole, which sets DTC P0442.P0446: Vent Control, CCV OperationThis stage checks the CCV and vent (air inlet side) operation. When the vapor pressure risesto a specified point, the ECM opens the CCV. Pressure increases rapidly because of the airentering the system. No or too little increase indicates a restriction of the air inlet side.TA1574

TA1569 TA133 Toyota and Lexus Reference Subject: Evaporative emission (EVAP) system design, operation and diagnostic tips for 1996–2001 Toyota and Lexus OBD-II vehicles. Source: Toyota technical service bulletin EG005-01 (April 2001) and Lexus technical service bulletin EG002-01 (April 2001) This reference provides inf

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