A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT NORTHERN POWERHOUSE
A SUSTAINABLE ANDRESILIENT NORTHERNPOWERHOUSEFRAMING THE FUTURE 2 –A CHARRETTE FOR THE NORTH ATTHE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOLCIVIC DESIGNDEPARTMENT OFGEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING
02A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT NORTHERN POWERHOUSECONTENTSFOREWORD by Prof Michael Parkinson04EXECUTIVE SUMMARY06INTRODUCTION0821ST CENTURY REGIONAL FUTURES10Northern Powerhouse and the Fourth Industrial Revolution by Steven Foxley10Liveable Cities/Sustainable Growth: Thoughts from the Paris Region by Paul Lecroart12Essential Resources: Thoughts from the Ruhr Region by Michael Schwarze-Rodrian14Plans from Outside and Below: Thoughts from the New York Region by Bob Yaro16LIVEABLE CITIES/SUSTAINABLE GROWTH18ESSENTIAL RESOURCES28PLANS FROM OUTSIDE AND BELOW38KEY MESSAGES FROM THE DAY44APPENDIX: PARTICIPANTS OF THE CHARRETTE46 2016, Civic Design, Department of Geography and Planning, Universityof LiverpoolEditors: Sebastian Dembski, Sue Kidd, Walter Menzies, Peter Nears, Ian WrayLayout: Sebastian DembskiTitle photo: Walter Menzies
CONTENTS03NORTHERNPOWERHOUSE Sebastian Dembski, University of Liverpool.Contains OS Data Crown Copyright (2015)
04A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT NORTHERN POWERHOUSEFOREWORDProf Michael ParkinsonI was delighted to chair this charrette at theUniversity of Liverpool on 20 June 2016 on thequestion of how we would create a sustainableand resilient Northern Powerhouse. The issues,the people, the timing were right. The event wasa genuine partnership between the private sector, the university and many public and voluntaryorganisations which received significant financial support from several anchor institutions inLiverpool city region. The speakers and audiencewere senior and experienced players from homeand abroad, and produced many interestingissues, ideas and policy initiatives. Our colleaguesfrom Europe and the US complimented Liverpoolcity region on the progress it had made in thethirty years since they had last visited. But theygave us many important suggestions about whatwe could and must do better. The reader willfind many fascinating experiences, messagesand some important key principles which shouldunderpin a resilient and successful NorthernPowerhouse.Why does this report matter?If issues were right on 20 June, after Brexit on 23June they are even more crucial. The referendumunderlined some critical fault lines in the UKeconomy and society, and created huge uncertaintyabout how both will develop in the next decade.The future remains uncertain, but in the autumnof 2016 the risks seem greater than the rewards.The Brexit vote meant many things about sovereignty and immigration. But at heart it was aboutthe frustrations of those people and places whohad lost confidence that they had good economicprospects in the global economy. In particularBrexit has thrown up in the air many of the assumptions of government policy about how the UK canmanage an economy and create prosperous placesfor prosperous people.Why have we notmade successful,confident places?It is something wehave tried to do buthave not got rightduring the past 30years. Partly we havefocussed on neighbourhoods and smallparts of bigger places.But we have never hada bigger story of the role of different places in theUK and the national economy. Partly it is becausethe idea of planning is anathema. Partly it is simplyhard to do. Partly we have not been willing to commit for long enough – or frankly spend the money.But more profoundly it is a direct consequenceof Thatcherite policy which added fuel to the fireof globalisation and wantonly deindustrialisedthe North and reduced many of their once working inhabitants to a precariat. And they have nowturned on and turned out her successors.One of the underlying problems is that neitherLabour nor the Conservative government reallygot far beyond doing something about the biggercities outside London. I accept some responsibility for this since I developed the ‘second tier city’argument which said we should invest in theCore Cities outside London if the country was tosucceed. But that argument never addressed theconcerns of the ‘third tier cities’. I saw the need toget the Core Cities going again before we couldhelp the smaller places by connecting them to themore successful bigger. That is still an importantpart of the answer. But it was and is not the wholeone. Anyway, those places simply won’t wait forthat to happen. Life is too short. So the ‘at risk’have revolted now because we did not have ananswer that worked for them.
FOREWORDHow do we compare?One result is that our unbalanced urban systemlags behind much of Europe. Germany remains themodel and provides the message. Invest long termin places outside the capital. Spread investment anddecentralise decision making. Educate and trainpeople for relevant work. Build trust and understanding between the private and public sectors.Make a plan and stick to it. Create social capital.Treat public expenditure as investment – not ashandouts to failing people or places.Will the Northern Powerhouse make adifference?The irony is that New Labour when it had themoney in the boom was really a centralising government – not really willing to empower our cities.By contrast, before the Brexit vote some of theleading Tories had begun to get the agenda – albeitfor mixed motives. A combination of Osborne,Heseltine, Clark and O’Neill recognised the need tosupport and sustain more successful powerful citiesoutside London. They endorsed city regions, devolution, metro mayors, the Northern Powerhouse.The big Northern cities have responded well to thisagenda. However, the wider policy of rebalancing,investing in places outside London, encouragingthe North to organise itself are now at risk. TheNorthern Powerhouse idea was underfundedbefore Brexit. Now it risks being overtaken byevents.National leaders will have to face these hard questions about the places left behind – what they’regoing to do with and for those places and people,and how much time, investment they are goingto make. And they need to have a much cleareridea about how this country fits together in amuch more coherent way as opposed to simply05imposing austerity and letting the market determine which places win and lose, which have a realfuture and which don’t and then publicly reinforcing that apparent market process. And thirty yearsof work in this area tells me that won’t be easy,quick or cheap. But that is what we have to concentrate upon.If government won’t do it, we mustThe prospects for the North are challenged bythis vote. The author of the Northern Powerhouse,George Osborne has gone along with his PrimeMinister and consiglieri Lord Jim O’Neill. The currentgovernment says it is committed to the idea butit also committed to many other ideas which cutacross the Northern Powerhouse. As ever, ‘followthe money’ will be a good principle when judginggovernment. The drive at national level to support the North may falter. But it was the right ideaanyway. So now, we have to do it ourselves. TheNorth must also be represented in national discussion with Europe or it will be left out of the debate.And the big city regions of the North will need towork harder to build bridges and hang together inthe difficult economic days which are surely yet tocome. This report gives some principles and hopefor the future.Prof Michael Parkinson, CBEExecutive DirectorHeseltine Institute for Public Policy and Practice
06A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT NORTHERN POWERHOUSEEXECUTIVE SUMMARYFraming the Future0.1This report presents the results of a charretteorganised by the University of Liverpool on20 June 2016 exploring what ‘good’ growthcould mean for the North and how mightwe deliver a sustainable and resilient NorthPowerhouse. Held shortly before the Brexitreferendum subsequent changes haveunderlined the case for new efforts to rebalance Britain and to carry forward ideas abouta new, dynamic and inclusive future for theNorth. It is hoped that this document willhelp in Framing the Future development ofNorthern Powerhouse thinking.vision. All emphasised that here is a need fora strategic approach that responds to placedistinctiveness and nurtures spatial quality.Three perspectives0.4The Charette was organised along threethemes, bringing together experts from different backgrounds.0.5Liveability is crucial to the sustainable growthof the North, yet it is often not clear what ismeant by it. The Northern Powerhouse currently focusses mainly on transport, but fromthe discussion it became clear that liveabilitycan only be achieved via a broader package.The challenge for the North is to overcomeperception problems and strengthen distinctive and vibrant places, while at the sametime promoting inclusiveness and makingsure that places are not left out.0.6The North has been a global leader in makinggood past environmental damage, but there isnow a need to increase efforts to ensure thatwe use our essential resources responsiblyto prepare the North for the fourth industrialrevolution. The Northern Powerhouse initiative as it stands does not achieve a pass markfor sustainability as it fails to address thefundamental social, economic and environmental inequalities. Green-blue infrastructureand the presence of natural resources areunderutilised in the current strategy.0.7The session Plans from Outside and Belowconcentrated on the institutional dimensionof Northern Powerhouse. The lack of properregional institutional structures makes theimplementation of plans difficult, but alsooffers the opportunity for self-organisationChanging context and internationalexamples0.20.3Since George Osborne’s NorthernPowerhouse speech in June 2014 the Northhas been back on the public agenda, withtransport infrastructure and city regiondevolution receiving particular attention.At the same time the economy of the 21stcentury will look fundamentally differentthan today. The fourth industrial revolutionsignifies fundamental changes in productionthat is driven by customisation, flexibility andsocial responsibility and presents significantopportunities for the North.The international contributors to the eventhighlighted the importance of a sharedvision and the political will to implement itover a long period of time. While in Paris–Îlede-France and the Ruhr state actors took thelead, the experience of the Regional PlanAssociation in New York shows that the voluntary sector can be instrumental in bringingtogether stakeholders to agree on such a
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYbuilding on a track record of collaboration.The key challenge is to develop a narrativethat ties exisiting initiatives together andgoes beyond the current focus on HS2 andHS3. We need a Northern alliance across sectors that takes ideas further.Key messages of the day0.8The thought-provoking debates resulted ina ten-point plan for a more sustainable andresilient Northern Powerhouse:1. A distinctive new narrative for the North– not another London! The NorthernPowerhouse requires its own distinctive,aspirational and coherent narrative foruse in image building, marketing andbranding aimed at government andinvestors and at engendering a newcollaborative identity and effort amongNorthern citizens. It should signal that weare not trying to create ‘another London’but a strong, polycentric region with anetwork of well-connected, diverse anddistinctive cities, towns and associatedhinterlands as well as rural areas. It shouldencompass compelling, tangible storieswhich unite the diversity of places, interests and understanding of the North.2. Sustainable ecosystem at the core. Theoverarching objective should be to createa ‘Sustainable Ecosystem’ appropriate tothe 21st century connecting economic,social, and environmental factors.Ecosystems services and nature best solutions are the foundations of resilience3. Liveability, quality of place and placemaking. Liveability should be recognisedas a key constituent in securing a successful North. Building upon global liveabilityindices, a bespoke set of liveability criteriafor Northern Powerhouse towns and citiesshould be developed attuned to theircharacteristics. This should act as a catalystto a new era of action related to the qualityof place and place-making.4. Essential resources for success. A coherent long term plan for Northern transportis an important part of a pan Northernapproach to the development of essentialresources fit for the 21st century. Thisshould also include energy, water, digital07and green/blue infrastructure, and agriculture/food production.5. Skills for the ‘fourth industrial revolution’.A new focus on education and training forentrepreneurship and wider skills development is needed to underpin economicgrowth and promote social and environmental well-being. There is much scopeto build upon the potential of the region’suniversities and other educational institutions to realise the opportunities of thefourth industrial revolution and to attractand retain young talented people.6. Working in collaboration. Government,business, academic and voluntary sectors allhave a role to play. It is essential to captureand deliver the wider community benefitsfrom their activities and that all are seen tocontribute in an equitable manner.7. Building momentum. A multi-trackapproach is needed to develop buy in andsupport through smaller wins alongsidethe larger prestige schemes. We could buildmomentum by getting politicians and thepublic involved in the agenda through theforthcoming mayoral elections, and chartprogress and success through an annualConference for the North.8. Innovative institutional models. Innovativeinstitutional models for collaborativeworking between local government,business, academic and voluntary sectors,and for financing and delivery need to beexplored, piloted and rolled out. The formthese take must depend on the desiredoutcomes the North is seeking.9. Civic capacity building. Capacity buildingfor civic leadership is needed. This shouldfocus on ensuring that resilience, sustainability, investment and delivery for thelong term are understood and that thebenefits of cross-boundary collaborationare appreciated. A priority is to mobiliseand educate the political class.10. Northern Universities as drivers. Theresearch-intensive Universities in the Northof England should redouble their efforts toengage in the agendas emerging from theday, including the preceding nine points.Interdisciplinary research that involvesacademics and practitioners is essential.
08A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT NORTHERN POWERHOUSEINTRODUCTION:FRAMING THE FUTURE OF THE NORTHTowards a Northern Powerhouse?1.1With a population of about 16 million anda 290bn economy the performance of theNorth is crucial for the national economy.However, despite all past efforts resultingin the regeneration of the city centres andeconomic growth, the North is persistantly lagging behind compared with thenational average. According to the NorthernPowerhouse Independent Economic ReviewGVA per capita is about 25% lower than theEnglish economy and 35% below comparableregions abroad, such as the Ruhr.1.2In a speech held in Manchester in June2014, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,George Osborne, unveiled his plans tobuild a Northern Powerhouse and addressthe persistant imbalance of the economy.Initially, the Northern Powerhouse focusedon transport. The Chancellor was respondingto a proposition raised by David Higgins inhis HS2 Plus report issued in March 2014 asone of his first major announcements following his appointment as Chairman of HighSpeed 2. It has resulted in the establishmentof Transport for the North. The conclusion ofagreements between major city groups oflocal authorities with delegated financial andoperating powers has subsequently gatheredpace and further coordination in respect oftransport investment has been seen with thepublication by the National InfrastructureCommission of their report High Speed North.1.3The plans have sparked a whole range ofactivities of the private and third sectorparties aiming to contribute to the shaping of the Norther Powerhouse. Our eventaimed to sharpen the profile of the NorthernPowerhouse and broaden the agenda.The Framing the Future event series1.4Framing the Future is the University ofLiverpool’s event series championingexcellence in place making, sustainabledevelopment, and planning for the futureof cities and regions. Organised by CivicDesign – the world’s first planning school(now part of the Department of Geographyand Planning within the School ofEnvironmental Sciences) – it aims to makeconnections between the academic community and practitioners in the outsideworld and provide a neutral forum for vigorous debate and imaginative thinking aboutkey planning issues of the day. In puttingtogether our events we draw on resourcesfrom outside the university including ourvisiting professors, contacts with business,politics, the development professions, andthe voluntary sector.Purpose of the charrette1.5Our event built upon the successfulcollaborations developed through thefirst Framing the Future event ‘BusinessPlanning for City and Regional Innovation’that was held as part of the 2014 LiverpoolInternational Festival for Business. Timedto coincide with the 2016 LiverpoolInternational Festival for Business (IFB)and the second anniversary of the AtlanticGateway Parklands, it aimed:To contribute to Northern Powerhouseand Great North Plan thinking by exploring what ‘good’ growth could mean for theNorth and how might we deliver it?1.6Strong proposals for transport and otherstrategic infrastructure investment are
INTRODUCTIONemerging but to get the full benefitsbusinesses and other stakeholders needopportunities for their voices to be heardto develop the agenda and promote awider view. The event marked the launchof the University of Liverpool’s Centre forSustainable and Resilient Cities (SaRC). Itcombined plenary presentations and debatewith focussed workshop discussions aroundthe following themesLiveable Cities/Sustainable Growth1.7A sustainable and resilient NorthernPowerhouse must achieve a balancebetween economic, social and environmental needs. Its urban areas must work wellfrom both a local and a global perspective.A safe, clean, attractive and easily navigable living environment seems an essentialunderpinning for a socially and economically vibrant North. This workshop discussedhow we could develop urban liveability as acore feature of the North.play including Transport for the North, theprivate sector led UK Northern Powerhouseand the new combined authorities forManchester, Liverpool, West Yorkshire,Sheffield, Tees Valley and the North East.These institutions sit alongside many otherlonger established public, private and thirdsector organisations with a shared concernand commitment to a better North. Thisworkshop considered how stakeholderscould work together to plan for and delivera sustainable and resilient Northern region.1.1oEssential Resources1.8Imaginative approaches to providing andmanaging essential resources includingfood, energy, water and green and blueinfrastructure will be central to achieving a sustainable and resilient NorthernPowerhouse. As the first industrial regionthe North has been a global leader in making good past environmental damage and itis now turning its attention to new resourcechallenges and opportunities associatedwith climate change and growing globalresource demands. This workshop exploredthe question how a pan-Northern approachcould provide essential resources (food,energy, water, green and blue infrastructure)as part of a low carbon, resource ‘lite’ futurefor the North.Plans from Outside and Below1.9The government’s Northern Powerhouseinitiative has sparked debate about whatgood growth for the North might look likeand stimulated discussion about the institutional arrangements necessary. In theabsence of regional government, new institutions are emerging that have key roles to09Taking the Charrette discussions forwardthe outp
HS3. We need a Northern alliance across sec-tors that takes ideas further. Key messages of the day 0.8 The thought-provoking debates resulted in a ten-point plan for a more sustainable and resilient Northern Powerhouse: 1. A distinctive new narrative for the North – not another London! The Northern Powerhouse requires its own distinctive,
and social challenges, need to become future cities that are smart, resilient, inclusive, and sustainable. By Robert Brears, Our Future Water hand-pointerRight-click on the name of the article that you want to read 2 Future Cities: Smart, Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Future Cities: Smart, Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable 3
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guide to city actors in fulfilling their commitment to the Sendai Framework goal. The checklist is the organizing principle for reporting and monitoring during the campaign. Kick-off workshop Making Cities Resilient in Americas Photo: UNISDR. How To Make Cities More Resilient A Handbook For Local Government Leaders A contribution to the Global Campaign 2010-2020 Making Cities Resilient .
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NORTHERN TODAY 4 For more information contact: Mike Birgen, Northern State University Foundation, Beckman Building, 620 15th Ave. SE, Aberdeen, SD 57401 ph: 605-626-2681, fax: 605-626-2431, nsualumni@northern.edu Alumni NEWS Establishing A New Northern State Alumni Chapter Campus Resources Helped Nelson Invest in Northern
17 Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (abbreviated as SDG 11 or Goal 11) well epitomize the issues facing cities. The third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (hereinafter
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