Integrated Science For CSEC

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-16882-3 - Integrated Science for CSEC , Third EditionJune Mitchelmore, John Phillips and John StewardFrontmatterMore informationIntegrated Science for CSEC Third editionJune MitchelmoreFormerly Education Officer (Science)Ministry of Education, Kingston, JamaicaJohn PhillipsFormerly Science TeacherHarrison College, Bridgetown, BarbadosJohn StewardFormerly Science AdviserMinistry of Education, Georgetown, Guyanaand Curriculum Consultant, Dominica in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-16882-3 - Integrated Science for CSEC , Third EditionJune Mitchelmore, John Phillips and John StewardFrontmatterMore informationCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, TokyoCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UKwww.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521168823 Cambridge University Press 1986, 2010This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.First published 1986Second edition 2002Third edition 2010Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeA catalogue record for this publication is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-0-521-16882-3 Paperback with CD-ROM for Windows and MacCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, traveltimetables and other factual information given in this work are correct atthe time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guaranteethe accuracy of such information thereafter.NOTICE TO TEACHERSThe photocopy masters in this publication may be photocopied or distributedelectronically free of charge for classroom use within the school or institute whichpurchases the publication. Worksheets and copies of them remain in the copyrightof Cambridge University Press and such copies may not be distributed or used inany way outside the purchasing institution.References to Practicals contained in these resources are provided ‘as is’ andinformation provided is on the understanding that teachers and techniciansshall undertake a thorough and appropriate risk assessment beforeundertaking any of the Practicals listed. Cambridge University Press makesno warranties, representations or claims of any kind concerning the Practicals.To the extent permitted by law, Cambridge University Press will not be liablefor any loss, injury, claim, liability or damage of any kind resulting from theuse of the Practicals. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-16882-3 - Integrated Science for CSEC , Third EditionJune Mitchelmore, John Phillips and John StewardFrontmatterMore informationPrefaceIntegrated Science for CSEC is the third edition ofthe previously named CXC Integrated Science. Thisthird edition has been comprehensively updated inline with the revision of the Caribbean ExaminationCouncil’s CSEC Integrated Science syllabus,examined for the first time in 2011.The content and the design of the book willappeal to students who need simple presentationof the material, while also covering all thekey information.The book features: clear text, illustrations and photographs extensive coverage of the practical skills neededfor School-based assessment (SBA), making thebook also useful for private students coding of practicals throughout the book that identify the skills covered by each practicalphotocopiable worksheets for over 30 SBApracticals, from which teachers can select the onesthey wish to useactivities for discussion and research, interwoveninto the text‘Did you know?’ boxes, providing extrainformation and added interesta summary on each double-page spread that students complete in their Exercise booksusing key wordsnumerous questions within the text. Additional features of the book are summarized onthe back cover.The book is arranged within chapters asdouble-page spreads. Each double-page spreadcontains a list of the specific objectives forthat spread, which are based on the syllabusobjectives.The chapters are arranged in four sections.Introduction, which revises important topicsstudied in previous grades and covers the practicalskills required for SBA A The organism and its environment B The home and workplace C Energy At the back of the book, there is a section aboutSchool-based assessment, which contains tablessummarizing skills used in science investigating andreporting, and worksheets to accompany selectedSBA practicals chosen from throughout the syllabus.The Glossary and Index contains comprehensivedescriptions of important terms.The CD-ROM in the back of the book contains: animations that illustrate certain key conceptsand present problem situations for studentsto solve sample questions in Integrated Science, includingexamination-style questions and free-responsequestions for discussion answers to all the ‘Key ideas’ from within thebook, which together provide a summary of thewhole course notes for teachers about setting up and markingSBA practicals.Additional information for both students and teacherscan be found at www.cambridge.org/education.The authors would like to record their thanksfor the feedback received from the adviser, SueCameron-Chambers.June MitchelmoreJohn PhillipsJohn StewardPreface in this web service Cambridge University Press3www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-16882-3 - Integrated Science for CSEC , Third EditionJune Mitchelmore, John Phillips and John StewardFrontmatterMore informationContentsIntroduction1 Matter, energy and living things1.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.8What are living and non-living things?What are the units of measurement?How are living things built up?Who’s who among living things?What is energy?What is matter made of?How can matter change?Why is carbon so important?681012161822242 Practical skills2.12.22.32.42.52.62.7How do we study Integrated Science?How do we use information?How do we plan and design?How do we manipulate and measure?How do we draw?How do we observe, record and report?How do we analyse and interpret?26283032363842A The organism and its environment44464 Food and nutrition4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.9How do plants make food?Photosynthesis and photographyUses of food nutrientsFood groups and food testsWhat is a balanced diet?Food additivesHow do we use our teeth?How do we digest our food?How do enzymes work?485254565862646670How do we breathe?How are gases exchanged?What is respiration?Aerobic and anaerobic respirationPollution and the respiratory system72747678816 Transport systems6.1 Why are transport systems needed?6.2 How are things moved around in plants?488929496981001027 Excretion7.17.27.3Excretion: our lungs and skinOur kidneys and osmoregulationExcretion in flowering plants1041061108 Sense organs and coordination8.18.28.38.48.58.68.7What is the nervous system?Involuntary and voluntary actionsWhat is the endocrine system?How are life processes controlled?How do our eyes work?Lenses and caring for our eyesSounds and how our ears work1121161181201241261299.1What are sexual and asexualreproduction?9.2 How do flowering plants reproduce?9.3 Seeds and germination9.4 Growth in plants and animals9.5 Adolescence and the menstrual cycle9.6 How do we reproduce?9.7 How are characteristics passed on?9.8 What were we like before we were born?9.9 Pre- and post-natal care9.10 What are sexually transmitted infections?9.11 The need for population control9.12 What are some birth control methods?B5 Respiration and air pollution5.15.25.35.45.5How are things moved around in humans?How are blood groups important?Control of diseasesProblems with our circulatory systemWhy do we need exercise?Use and mis-use of drugsHow can athletes train their bodies?9 Reproduction and growth3 The cell3.1 What are cells like?3.2 Investigating diffusion and 52154156158160The home and workplace10 Temperature control and ventilation10.110.210.310.4How is heat transferred?How do thermometers work?How is evaporation important?Temperature, humidity and ventilation16416817017211 The terrestrial environment848611.1 How is soil formed?11.2 How do soils differ?176178Contents in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-16882-3 - Integrated Science for CSEC , Third EditionJune Mitchelmore, John Phillips and John StewardFrontmatterMore hat are good farming methods?Food chains and food websHow are materials recycled in nature?How is pollution spread?What causes changes in the weather?What are hurricanes?What are earthquakes?What are volcanoes?How are tides important?18218619019219419619820120412 Water and the aquatic environment12.112.212.312.412.512.612.712.812.9Why is water important?How is water purified?Water properties and aquatic lifeWhy do objects float?Objects moving through water and airHow can we control water pollution?What fishing methods are used?Can we be safe at sea?How can we survive under water?20821121522022222422622823013 Pests and parasites, and sanitation13.113.213.313.413.5How can we stop food from spoiling?How can we control pests?How can we deal with waste?Why is personal hygiene important?Why is community hygiene important?23223423623824014 Safety hazards14.114.214.314.414.5Safety at homeSafety at schoolSafety in the workplaceHow can we give first aid?How can we control fires?24424624925225415 Metals and non-metals15.115.215.315.415.515.615.715.8The properties of metals andnon-metalsMaterials used in sports equipmentUsing plastics in the homeHow reactive are some of the metals?Using metals and alloys in the homeHow do we clean metal appliances?What causes rusting?How can we try to prevent rusting?25625826026226626827027216 Acids, bases and mixtures16.116.216.3How do we use household chemicals?Why are acids and bases important?What are different kinds of mixtures?27427828316.416.5CWhat do we use for cleaning?What are hard and soft water?286288Energy17 Electricity and lighting17.117.217.317.417.517.617.717.8Which substances conduct electricity?How do electrical circuits work?How is resistance important?How is electricity produced?How do we use electricity safely?How much does electricity cost?Magnetic effects of electricityWhat are natural and artificiallighting?17.9 How do we use light to see?17.10 White light and its colours17.11 Mixing and separating pigments29029229629830030430831031231431618 Fossil fuels and alternative sources of energy18.118.218.318.4How can we get energy from fuels?Problems of using fossil fuelsWhat are some alternatives tofossil fuels?How can we use solar energy?31832032232619 Machines and movement19.119.219.319.419.5How are levers useful?Are there levers in the human body?How do machines make work easier?How efficient are machines?How do we use and care formachines?33033233433633820 Conservation of energy20.120.220.3Energy and how it is transformedCan waves transfer energy?Can collisions transfer energy?34034234621 Forces21.1How are forces important formovement?21.2 Does gravity affect balance?21.3 How can we balance forces?21.4 Where are we in space?21.5 How can we travel in space?The electromagnetic spectrum348350354356358360School-based assessment361Glossary and Index399Acknowledgements416Contents in this web service Cambridge University Press5www.cambridge.org

Integrated Science for CSEC is the third edition of the previously named CXC Integrated Science. This third edition has been comprehensively updated in line with the revision of the Caribbean Examination Council’s CSEC Integrated Science syllabus, examined for the fi rst time in 2011. The content and the design of the book will

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