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Macmillan Education4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XWA division of Macmillan Publishers LimitedCompanies and representatives throughout the worldwww.macmillan-caribbean.comISBN 978-0-230-48255-5 Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC ) 2015www.cxc.orgwww.cxc-store.comThe author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with theCopyright, Design and Patents Act 1988.First published 2014This revised version published 2015Permission to copyThe material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to bemade without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which theyare in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of thatinstitution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtainedfrom Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used,in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format.Designed by Macmillan Publishers LimitedCover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe
CSEC Geography Free ResourcesLIST OF CONTENTSCSEC Geography Syllabus Extract4CSEC Geography Syllabus5CSEC Geography Specimen Papers/ Mark SchemesPaper 01 General Proficiency60Paper 02 General Proficiency77Paper 02 General Proficiency Key and Mark Scheme99Paper 03/2 General Proficiency116Paper 03/2 General Proficiency Key and Mark Scheme130CSEC Geography Subject ReportsMay/June 2004135May/June 2005149May/June 2006163May/June 2007175May/June 2008183May/June 2009193May/June 2010202May/June 2011211May/June 2012222May/June 2013232May/June 2014244May/June 2015261
GeographyGeography is concerned with the spatial distribution of human and natural systems and theinter-relationships between them. The study of Geography, therefore, prepares anindividual not only for a career in fields such as teaching, environment planning andmanagement, international relations and geographical information systems, but also helpsto develop skills that are beneficial in other fields. In addition, it contributes to moremeaningful and enjoyable travel and related leisure activities.The CSEC Geography syllabus, though not limited to a study of the Caribbean, focuses onareas that are particularly relevant to Caribbean students. The syllabus utilises field studiesto concretise the link between the subject matter of Geography and the methods ofinvestigation associated with it. By being engaged in the conduct of a field study, thestudent gets an opportunity to observe, experience, reflect on, and draw conclusions aboutthe intricate inter-dependence and inter-relationships that comprise the human and naturalsystems. A student completing the CSEC Geography syllabus should be able to makeinformed and rational decisions and act responsibly with respect to the human and naturalsystems.The syllabus is organised under three main sections:Section ISection IISection III-Practical Skills and Field Study;Natural Systems;Human Systems.
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCILCar ib b e an Se con d ar y Ed ucat ion Ce r t if icat eCSEC GEOGRAPHY SYLLABUSEffective for examinations from May–June 2017CXC 02/0/SYLL 15
Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council 2015, Caribbean Examinations CouncilAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise withoutprior permission of the author or publisher.Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to:The Pro-RegistrarCaribbean Examinations CouncilCaenwood Centre37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I.Telephone: (876) 630-5200Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.orgWebsite: www.cxc.orgCopyright 2015, by Caribbean Examinations CouncilPrince Road, Pine Plantation Road, St Michael BB11091CXC 02/0/SYLL 15
The Geography Syllabus (CXC 02/0/SYLL 05) was revised in 2015 for first examinations in 2017.Teaching is expected to commence on the revised syllabus in September 2015.The amendments to the syllabus are indicated by italics.Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses.CXC 02/0/SYLL 15
ContentsRATIONALE . 1AIMS . 2GENERAL OBJECTIVES . 2ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS . 3APPROACHES TO TEACHING THE SYLLABUS . 3SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION . 4CERTIFICATION . 4DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS . 4FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS . 5REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES . 8REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES . 8STUDY AREAS OF THE SYLLABUS . 9SECTION I – PRACTICAL SKILLS AND FIELD STUDY . 10SECTION II – NATURAL SYSTEMS . 16SECTION III – HUMAN SYSTEMS . 23SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT . 29RESOURCES. 46GLOSSARY . 49APPENDIX – EXAMPLE OF A COMPLETED STRATEGY SHEET . 51SPECIMEN PAPERS . 52CXC 02/0/SYLL 15
Geography Syllabus RATIONALEGeography is concerned with the spatial distribution of human and natural systems and the interrelationships between them. It facilitates an understanding of both the issues emerging from humanexploitation of natural resources and how natural resources may be managed to assure sustainability.It contributes to an awareness and understanding of the natural environment and fosters anappreciation of its sustainability. It also encourages the development of a sense of responsibility inusing and conserving the natural resources of the planet.Spatial appreciation, interpretation of a variety of illustrations and map reading skills are essential toa study of the subject. These skills enable an individual to operate better in space by being able toestablish a location and an orientation of an area and to be able to read the landscape as well as assessthe forces which have shaped them.The study of Geography, therefore, prepares an individual not only for a career in fields such asteaching, environment planning and management, international relations and geographicalinformation systems, but also helps to develop skills that are beneficial in other fields. In addition, itcontributes to more meaningful and enjoyable travel and related leisure activities.The CSEC Geography syllabus, though not limited to a study of the Caribbean, focuses on areas thatare particularly relevant to Caribbean students. The syllabus utilises field studies to concretise the linkbetween the subject matter of Geography and the methods of investigation associated with it. Bybeing engaged in the conduct of a field study, the student gets an opportunity to observe, experience,reflect on, and draw conclusions about the intricate inter-dependence and inter-relationships thatcomprise the human and natural systems.A student completing the CSEC Geography syllabus should be able to make informed and rationaldecisions and act responsibly with respect to the human and natural systems. Based on the attributesof the Ideal Caribbean Person as articulated by CARICOM, this course will also contribute to thedevelopment of a person who demonstrates multiple literacies, independent and critical thinking,questions past and present practices and brings this analysis to bear on an innovative application ofscience and technology to solving problems one might encounter from day to day. This course of studywill also contribute to a person who will learn to know, learn to do, learn to live with others, learn tobe and learn to transform oneself and society in keeping with the UNESCO Pillars of Learning.CXC 02/0/SYLL 151
AIMSThe syllabus aims to:1.develop an understanding of geographical phenomena;2.stimulate interest in the nature of natural and human systems and their interaction;3.promote an understanding of the processes at work in natural and human systems;4.develop an understanding of the inter-relationships between the natural and the humanenvironment;5.foster an awareness of the need for the sustainable use of the earth’s resources;6.develop practical skills to enhance geographical knowledge; and,7.promote knowledge and understanding of Geography at the local, regional and global scales. GENERAL OBJECTIVESOn completion of this syllabus, students should:1.acquire practical skills and techniques in drawing sketch maps and diagrams and in readingand interpreting maps, photographs, tables and graphs which give geographical information;2.understand geomorphic, atmospheric and biotic systems;3.understand the relationship between the natural and human systems;4.appreciate their role as individuals in the sustainable use of the environment;5.recognise the national and regional responsibilities for the sustainable use of the environment;6.understand the spatial and cultural factors affecting the distribution and structure of humanpopulation;7.account for the growth of urban settlements;8.develop an awareness and understanding of factors influencing the spatial patterns ofeconomic activity;9.understand the impact of the human systems on the environment; and,10.recognise their social and civic responsibility towards the use of resources and theenvironment.CXC 02/0/SYLL 152
ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUSThe syllabus is organised under three main sections:Section ISection IISection III-Practical Skills and Field Study;Natural Systems;Human Systems. APPROACHES TO TEACHING THE SYLLABUSCritical to the study of Geography is the recognition of the inter-dependence and inter-relationships ofthe elements that comprise the human and natural systems. Teachers will find it useful to employ anintegrated approach to teaching this syllabus. In this way students will have an opportunity to observe,experience, reflect on, and draw conclusions about the intricate inter-dependence and interrelationships that comprise the human and natural systems.While the topics are presented within this syllabus in a linear manner, it must be emphasised that anintegrated approach will enable students to develop:1.an understanding and appreciation of the inter-relationships among the natural systems, thehuman systems and the skills component of the syllabus as the various factors associated witha particular topic can be fully explored;2.their critical thinking and problem-solving skills; and,3.an awareness of their role, as well as others, in the sustainable use of the earth’s resources.Additionally, integrating the teaching and learning of the three sections of the syllabus allows for moreefficient use of class time and also helps students to be better prepared for the constructed-responsequestions on the examination paper. The following are some suggestions of the ways in which topicsin Sections I, II and III can be integrated for efficient and effective teaching and learning.#1.SECTIONNatural SystemsSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES3; 28–302.Practical SkillsNatural Systems1 (i-k); 410; 16–19Human Systems21–22Practical SkillsNatural Systems1 (i-k); 410Human16–22Practical Skills1 (j-k); 4 (b); 4 (c); 53.Note that School-Based Assessment (SBA) topics can be selected from among all the Specific Objectivesbut students can also select a topic that highlights an integrated approach, for example, “Investigatingthe impacts of human activities on tropical forest vegetation.”CXC 02/0/SYLL 153
SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATIONIt is recommended that a minimum of five 40-minute periods per week, over two academic years orthe equivalent be allocated to the syllabus. The time should include at least one double period. CERTIFICATIONThe syllabus is offered for General Proficiency certification. A candidate’s performance will beindicated on the certificate by an overall numerical grade on a six-point scale as well as a letter gradefor each of three profile dimensions, namely, Practical Skills, Knowledge and Comprehension, and Useof Knowledge. DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONSOn completion of the syllabus, students are expected to develop skills under three profile dimensions:1.Practical Skills (PS);2.Knowledge and Comprehension (KC);3.Use of Knowledge (UK).Practical Skills (PS)The ability to:1.use scale for measurement;2.read maps;3.collect and collate data for geographical analysis;4.draw maps, diagrams and sketches;5.construct graphs, tables and divided circles using simple statistical data; and,6.read and identify patterns in maps, photographs, diagrams, graphs and tables.Knowledge and Comprehension (KC)The ability to:1.define terms and recall facts on a range of geographical phenomena;2.describe processes impacting on the development of the natural and human environments;and,3.describe the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in an area or biome.CXC 02/0/SYLL 154
Use of Knowledge (UK)The ability to:1.explain geographical processes;2.interpret and draw inferences from geographical data;3.disaggregate and organise information to show inter-relationships;4.explain the importance of the factors contributing to the development of natural and humanenvironments; and,5.draw conclusions. FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONThe examination is offered at the General Proficiency level. The assessment comprises three papers:Paper 01, Paper 02 and Paper 031 OR Paper 032.Papers 01 and 02 are assessed externally. Paper 031 is the SBA and is assessed internally by theteacher and moderated by CXC. Paper 032 is an alternative to the SBA, assessed externally and isintended for those students who registered to sit the examination as private candidates.EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT BY WRITTEN PAPERS (80 per cent of total assessment)Paper 01 (1 hour 30 minutes, 30 per cent of total assessment)1.Composition of the PaperPaper 01 consists of 60 multiple-choice items assessing all areas of the syllabus. All questionsare compulsory.2.Mark AllocationThis paper is marked out of a total of 60. The marks are distributed across questions andprofiles as indicated below:Practical Skills (PS)Knowledge and Comprehension (KC)Use of Knowledge (UK)CXC 02/0/SYLL 155-242808
Paper 02 (2 hours 30 minutes, 50 per cent of total assessment)1.Composition of the PaperPaper 02 comprises four compulsory questions with one question each assessing:(a)(b)(c)(d)Map-reading skills.Natural systems.Human systems.Integration of both natural and human systems.Note: Parts of questions in (b) and (c) can also be based on interactions of the Natural andHuman Systems.2.Mark AllocationThis paper consists of constructed-response questions and is marked out of 100. The marksare distributed across questions and profiles as indicated in the following table:Content areaQuestionMap Reading1PS12Natural Systems25Human Systems3Natural Human 5581225273142100Question TypeQuestions will be structured into different sub-parts and may require short or extendedresponses. Questions may also include stimulus materials such as maps, charts, tables,diagrams, photographs or prose or any combination of these. The answers are to be writtenin the space provided in the booklet.SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT (20 per cent)Paper 031 (SBA) (40 marks)1.Composition of PaperPaper 031 is the SBA and is internally assessed. For this paper, the student presents the reportfrom a field study in which he or she identifies a geographical topic for investigation, developsfield study questions, conducts an enquiry, and communicates the findings andrecommendations.CXC 02/0/SYLL 156
The Field Study Report should be completed by students and submitted to reach the Councilby April 30 of the year of the examination. The report should not exceed 1000 words, excludingthe strategy sheet, illustrations, tables, bibliography and appendices.Further details of the SBA requirements are given on pages 29–44.2.Mark AllocationThis paper is marked out of 40 and the marks are distributed to profiles as follows:Practical Skills (PS)Knowledge and Comprehension (KC)Use of Knowledge (UK)-10 marks10 marks20 marksPaper 032 (1 hour 45 minutes, 20 per cent of total assessment)Paper 032 is the alternative to the SBA. This paper is done by students who register to sit theexamination as private candidates. The paper is externally assessed and covers knowledge of theresearch skills used in conducting the field study and presenting the report similar to the requirementsof the SBA.1.Composition of the PaperThis paper consists of six compulsory constructed-response questions. The paper is markedout of a total of 40 marks. The marks are distributed across profiles indicated as follows:Practical Skills (PS)Knowledge and Comprehension (KC)Use of Knowledge (UK)2.-10 marks10 marks20 marksQuestion TypeThis paper consists of short answer questions which may include stimulus materials such asmaps, charts, tables, diagrams, photographs or prose or any combination of these. Theanswers are written in the space provided in the booklet.Additional guidelines for Paper 032 are provided on page 45.CXC 02/0/SYLL 157
PAPER MARK ALLOCATION BY PROFILESThe weighting of the profile dimensions for the examination is as follows:General ProficiencyProfile DimensionsPaperPaperPaper 031/0320102(SBA)TotalPractical Skills (P1)24271061Knowledge andComprehension (P2)28311069Use of Knowledge (P3)08422070Total6010040200305020100% REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATESPrivate candidates will be required to write Paper 01, Paper 02 and Paper 032, the Alternative to theSBA. A private candidate must enter through a school, a recognised educational institution or theLocal Registrar’s Office. REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATESCandidates may elect to resit the examination at any time. However, resit candidates who have earneda moderated score of 50 per cent of the score for the SBA
CXC 02/0/SYLL 15 The Geography Syllabus (CXC 02/0/SYLL 05) was revised in 2015 for first examinations in 2017. . science and technology to solving problems one might encounter from day to day. This course of study . integrated approach to teaching this syllabus. In this way students will have an opportunity to observe,
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