TuRboMACHinERy DATuM Centrifugal Compressors
For a complete list of products and services, visit www.dresser-rand.com or contact the following:Manufacturing OperationsCorporate HeadquartersRegional HeadquartersDresser-RandWest8 Tower Suite 100010205 Westheimer RdHouston, TX 77042 USATel: (Int’l 1) 713-354-6100Fax: (Int’l 1) 713-354-6110The AmericasWest8 Tower, Suite 100010205 Westheimer RoadHouston, Texas 77042Tel: (Int’l 1) 713-354-6100Fax: (Int’l 1) 713-354-6110Dresser-Rand112, Avenue KleberCedex 16Paris 75784 FranceTel: (Int’l 33) 156 26 71 71Fax: (Int’l 33) 156 26 71 72EMEA(Europe, Middle East & Africa)Dresser-Rand S.A.31 Boulevard Winston ChurchillCedex 7013Le Havre 76080, FranceTel: (Int’l 33) 2-35-25-5225Fax: (Int’l 33) 2-35-25-5366/5367Centrifugal CompressorsDresser-Rand500 Paul Clark DriveOlean, NY 14760 USATel: (Int’l 1) 716-375-3000Fax: (Int’l 1) 716-375-3178Dresser-Rand31, Boulevard Winston ChurchillCedex 7013Le Havre 76080 FranceTel: (Int’l 33) 2-35-25-5225Fax: (Int’l 33) 2-35-25-5366Asia-PacificDresser-Rand Asia Pacific Sdn BhdUnit 9-4, 9th FloorBangunan Malaysian Re17 Lorong DungunDamansara Heights50490 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel: (Int’l 60) 3-2093-6633Fax: (Int’l 60) 3-2093-2622turbomachineryDATUM CentrifugalCompressors Form 85188-15 2015 Dresser-Rand. DRESSER-RAND is a registered trademark of Dresser-Rand Company. Printed in U.S.A.This brochure comprises a general overview of the Dresser-Randproducts described herein. It is solely for informational purposes,does not represent a warranty or guarantee of the informationcontained herein, and is not to be construed as an offer to sell orsolicitation to buy. Contact Dresser-Rand for detailed design andengineering information suitable to your specific applications.Dresser-Rand reserves the right to modify its products and relatedproduct information at any time without prior notice.dresser-rand.com
Wherever and wheneveryou need usA single source for all your energy conversion needs.A World of Energy Conversion SolutionsDresser-Rand works with you to achieve the lowest total costof ownership for your compression facilities. We’ll study yourrequirements and consider a variety of options beforeselecting the most cost-effective solution with the shortestcycle time. This flexible perspective helps us developcreative, field-proven solutions that include all aspects of aproject, from initial concept to equipment retirement. Operation and maintenance of both D-R and otherpower-conversion equipment: We can take fullresponsibility, including appropriate performance guarantees. Dresser-Rand Availability PLUS maintenanceprovides comprehensive machinery health care by bundlingvalue-added Dresser-Rand products and services into asingle, typically performance-based agreement. An on-siteD-R representative serves as a single point of contact. Upgrades and retrofits to adapt other brands of rotatingmachinery to your operating conditions and requirements:Dresser-Rand Applied Technology capabilities allow you to enjoy the benefits of the latest DATUM compressortechnology in many makes and models of your installedturbomachinery.Options include major assemblies, individual parts, upgrades,retrofits, and many other unique solutions designed toimprove compressor operation and performance. Engineering evaluations show you how to optimize yourequipment’s performance. Equipment reliability and life assessment evaluationsuse the most advanced and consistent testing methods.Our Global Presence Allows usto be More ResponsiveWhen you accept delivery of a DATUM centrifugalcompressor (or any other D-R product), your relationship withus is just beginning. Our employees are ready to keep yourequipment running with responsive and reliable technicalsupport 24 hours a day.Services include upgrading out-of-service rotatingmachinery to fit your present operating conditions; expertrepair service from factory-trained technicians through ourworldwide network of service centers; replacement partsthat include the latest design improvements; around-theclock field service, including installation assistance orcomplete installation; revamps and rerates to bring yourequipment up to new specs to match changes to yourprocess or operating conditions; safe, secure rotor storage;and training, either at your location or ours.2
Technological advantagesInnovative design and superior components give DATUM compressorsthat competitive edge.We Built in Enhanced Performanceand ConvenienceFrom initial concept, through consultations with our clients, todesign and production, our goal with the DATUM line is toproduce a better centrifugal compressor with an eye toward theenvironment. This has led to a number of client benefits.Improved EfficienciesDepending on application requirements and configuration,DATUM compressors often operate at efficiencies that are two tofive percent greater than competitive turbomachinery, therebyreducing fuel consumption or increasing throughput per installedhorsepower. In addition, the improved aerodynamic design andlarger shaft diameter enable DATUM compressors to handlegreater flows and pressure ratios than standard designs for agiven frame size. In some cases, a single DATUM compressorcan deliver pressure ratios that previously required multiplebodies.Reduced EmissionsThe superior efficiency of the DATUM compressor reduces driverfuel consumption, which can result in a decrease in harmful CO2and NOX emissions—more important than ever as environmentalregulations tighten. D-R is committed to addressing criticalenvironmental concerns while continuing to improve operationalefficiencies. Incorporating D-R dry gas seals further reducesemissions by eliminating the need for processing sour seal oil.Reduced NoiseThe most significant development in our efforts to design quietermachines has been the introduction of D-R duct resonatorarrays. This patented feature can be designed into newequipment and revamps, including other brands of equipment.Extensive testing on D-R duct resonator arrays was performed atour test facility in Olean, New York. The results demonstrated thatthe overall noise level of a 60 PDI (axial inlet single-stageoverhung pipeline booster) compressor could be reduced by 10dB with no adverse effect on compressor performance. In someinstances, field noise level reductions have been measured inexcess of 20 dB for PDI compressors and 10 dB and higher inmulti-stage DATUM compressors. D-R duct resonator arrays havebeen used in more than 300 DATUM compressors to date.Easier, Faster MaintenanceEven a single lost day of production can translate into losses ofhundreds of thousands of dollars, so we made easy maintenancea priority throughout the design process. One way wedramatically reduced maintenance time was by combining therotor, diaphragms and other stationary flowpath components,bearings, seals, and instrumentation—almost everything but thecasing—into a module. This module can be completely preassembled outside of the casing (in the controlled environmentalconditions of a shop, for example), then installed as a completeassembly. Critical dimensions, fits and clearances can bechecked much more easily. By storing a spare module on site,turnaround times can be reduced to a few hours.A D4 DATUM compressor being assembled at the D-R facility in Olean, NY.3
The modular design of the DATUM unit also yields additionaladvantages. The DATUM modular bundle has horizontally split stationarycarrier housings that enable the rotor-to-stator alignment tobe verified with the rotor in its true axial position and with thethrust bearing fully assembled. This allows direct determinationof correct rotor positioning in the axial direction, as well asmeasurement of the radial clearance between the rotor and alllabyrinths at the impeller eye and shaft interstage locations. Because the bearing housings, journal bearings and thrustbearing assemblies are horizontally split, the coupling doesnot have to be removed to replace a bearing assembly on thedriven end of the machine, and the thrust disc does not haveto be removed to replace a bearing on the free end of themachine. For larger frame sizes, the radial vibration probes areexternally adjustable and removable, as are the axial positionprobes on non-thru-drive units.StandardizationTo improve reliability and reduce cost, we standardized DATUMcompressor components wherever possible, maximizing the useof proven designs. The DATUM line consists of 15 standard framesizes that are scaled from the median size frame. The impellers,diaphragms, inlets, volutes, and shafts are all directly scaled; thebearings and seals are not directly scaled, in order to takeadvantage of outside vendors’ standard sizes. Furtherstandardization was achieved by using the same internalcomponents in both the radially split and axially split versions.DATUM centrifugal compressors are available for dischargepressures ranging up to more than 15,000 psig (1,000 bar),maximum flow rates from 5,400 cfm (9,200 m3/h) to 700,000 cfm(1,200,000 m3/h), and power ratings to more than 120,000 bhp(90 MW). Cases can be split axially (900 psig max.) or radially(15,000 psig max.).Single piecefive-axis milledimpeller.4Paying Careful Attention to The DetailsFor the design of the DATUM compressor, we made sure itscomponents supported our goals of higher efficiency, lower costand easier maintenance.Impeller DesignTo improve performance, we used the latest aerodynamic designand analysis technology to develop a new family of impellers andmatched stationary flowpath components. The new impellerdesigns were tested in single- or multi-stage test rigs to simulatea complete compressor stage.Accuracy and quality of the impeller manufacturing process weresubstantially improved. Some impellers are two-piece, milled fromsolid forgings, with welded or brazed construction. The majorityof our new impeller designs are five-axis milled bladed discs,providing the sophisticated aero-mechanical design required forstrength and high performance. All diaphragms and otherstationary flowpath components are fully machined from steel oralloy for compliance with aerodynamic design requirements. Forspecial applications, single-piece, integral-machined or singlepiece powdered metal impellers are available.EBraze WeldingCreated specifically for the DATUM product family, EBrazewelding combines two proven methods—electron beam weldingand vacuum furnace brazing—to create a weld joint with superiorstrength. To fuse the impeller cover and blades, an electron beamweld is directed through the cover and a braze alloy foil is appliedto each blade. Fusion occurs across the complete cover-to-bladeinterface, creating an impeller with greater reliability, longer lifeand more accurate performance.
Vacuum Furnace Brazing andOne-Piece Integral MachiningDepending on the application, impellers can also be fabricatedusing vacuum furnace brazing and one-piece integral machiningor one-piece HIP powder metal super alloy impellers.SealsShaft seals, located between the bearing chambers and the gasstream, minimize gas leakage outward and prevent lubricating oilleakage into the gas stream. D-R offers a variety of sealassemblies to handle various compressor applications: Labyrinth seals Contact seals Dry gas seals Oil film seals Tilt pad sealsBearingsTilt Pad Journal Bearings — Pad length, off-set factor, padorientation, clearance, preload, and other geometric parametersare selected for optimum dynamic rotor performance. The padspossess axial and radial aligning capability to uniformly distributethe load over the pad surfaces. Directed oil lubrication reduces oilconsumption and power loss, lowers operating temperatures andallows higher operating speeds.Tilt Pad Thrust Bearings — These double-acting, self-equalizingbearings accommodate the same thrust loading in eitherdirection. The bearing has six or more pads supported on a basering in the thrust housing. Pads are babbitt-faced steel with highload-carrying capacity.With more than 1,000dry gas seals producedto date, we are anexperiencedmanufacturer of dry gasseals with a provenproprietary design that maximizes reliability under all operatingconditions. Our gas seal service and test facilities in Tulsa,Oklahoma; Houston, Texas; and Le Havre, France, stand readyto provide full support.Rotor StabilityThe DATUM shaft diameter is 30 percent larger than our earlierturbocompressor models. This enables higher power density withimproved rotor stability, both of which are increasingly vital aspressure ratios and gas densities increase.Additional stability is provided by the D-R damper seal, asignificant recent development that has resulted in an inherentlystable centrifugal compressor. With the D-R damper seal, therotor’s dynamic stability (log-decrement) actually increases withincreasing discharge pressure.Large EBraze welding machine locatedat the Dresser‑Rand facility in Olean, NY.5
Building in qualityMajor investments have made our design and production facilitiessecond to none.To Make Sure it Performs For YouWe Make Sure it Performs for UsWith test facilities in Olean, New York, USA, and Le Havre,France, Dresser‑Rand has some of the most comprehensive testcapabilities in the world. That allows us to check all aspects ofequipment operation, including full-load testing in Olean. ASMEPTC 10 Type 1 hydrocarbon tests can be conducted up to 80MW with gas turbine drives and 50 MW with electric drives.Twenty test stands allow maximum flexibility in meeting clientrequirements. Comprehensive data acquisition and analysissystems ensure that everything meets strict API and otherstandards.In early 2009, Dresser‑Rand completed construction of its largecompressor full load test facility in Le Havre, increasing itsworldwide testing capacity with natural gas up to 150 MW (gasturbine drive) or 100 MW (electrical drive). This facility includes ahigh capacity quay with direct sea access, enabling compressortrain delivery and shipment from and to any location around theworld.Development single- and multi-stage test vehicles are used toconfirm the mechanical and performance characteristics ofvarious components. This gives us the hard data to predict theperformance of the completed compressors more accurately thanby relying solely on theoretical calculations.Committed to World-class ManufacturingProper execution of a good design is vital, so we’ve investedboth human and financial resources at an unprecedented levelto upgrade our facilities. As a result, our ISO-certified, state-ofthe-art facilities are among the world’s most advanced forturbocompressor design, production and testing.The NX CAD/CAM system further enhances our ability to designand manufacture custom engineered products. It allows ourengineers to work simultaneously with each other on all aspectsof design, analysis and manufacturing. This leads to bettercoordination of the various stages of a project and reducedcycle times.Control Systems as Advancedas Our CompressorsOur PLC-based DI-TRONICS control system can be configuredto control, monitor and protect DATUM compressors and a widevariety of other rotating machinery. Decades of machinery designand manufacturing experience are built into our electronic controlproducts for gas turbine fuel systems, steam turbine governors,compressor surge, compressor capacity and performance,machine vibration and temperature monitoring, train sequencing,and overall machinery protection. We can help you maximize theperformance of your DATUM compressor with our compressorperformance monitor (CPM) software and vibration conditionmonitoring products. User-friendly operator interfaces featurereal-time and historical trending, report generation, systemalarms, shutdown, and event logging capabilities.DATUM model D18R9S (destined for hydrogen servicein a Spanish refinery) on test stand in Le Havre, France.The Le Havre test facility allows for full load testing ofcompressor trains, together with their gas turbine orelectric motor drivers.6
“.Chevron’s decision toenter into a worldwidepreferred supplier agreementwith Dresser-Rand wasbased in part on thetechnology of DATUMcompressors.“—Christopher Rossi, presidentand CEO of Dresser-RandShown above: Synchrony NovaGlide magnetic bearings.Left:The DATUM C hermeticallysealed, integral high-speed motordriven compressor with magneticbearings.7
DATUM Frame Size Flow/Pressure Coverage Map15,00010002468246810,000690107,0002468 10483125,00034524,000468 10 12 14276DATUM PD8 — D163,0002DATUM ICSD4 — D14 462078 10 12 14 16 181381,000246810 122468 10 1268 101270014 16 18DATUM CD6 — D162014 16 18 20 22 24 2614 166926184818 20 22 2450028 30344002868 10 122022300262128 3024 2614 16 182001420 22 24 2628 3071002FLOW (CFM) 1,000FLOW (m3/hr) 1,700Radially Split34 5 6 78 910,00017,000Axially Split2345 6 789234 5 6 78 9100,000170,000Both Radially & Axially Split1,000,0001,700,000In DevelopmentDATUM NomenclatureD X Y N (Z)Example: D 1 0 R 9 BWhere: D: Always a “D” for DATUMN: Total number of impellers,X: Frame size designation, one or two digits,one or two digits2 through 28 in steps of two(Z): Casing configuration, is either:Y: Case split designation as follows:“B” for back-to-back“R” for radial (barrel type)“D” for double-flow“A” for axial (horizontally split)“S” for straight-thru“P” for pipeline (barrel type)“CS” for centrifugal separator“C” for compact compressor configuration“I” for Integrated Compression System “M” for marinizedBARGPressure (PSIG)2,000
DATUMcompressor Example: D 1 0 R 9 BWhere: D: Always a “D” for DATUM10: Frame sizeR: Case split designation as follows:“R” for radial (barrel type);“A” for axial (horizontally split)9: Total number of impellersB: Casing configuration:“B” for back-to-back“C” for compound“D” for double-flow“S” for straight-thruDATUMICSintegrated compression system Example: D 4 I 2 SWhere: D: Always a “D” for DATUM4: Frame sizeI: Integrated Compression SystemAlways separator; process package, magnetic bearings,seal-less, and marinized optional; intercooler as required.The Dresser-Rand DATUM line of centrifugal compressors wasdesigned for maximum performance in all pressure and flowapplications. Their unmatched efficiency, reliability andease of maintenance make them the most advancedturbocompressors available for the oil, gas andprocess industries.Dresser-Rand’s DATUM ICS integrated compressionsystem is a high-efficiency DATUM centrifugalcompressor, driven by a high-speed, closecoupled motor, with an integrated centrifugalgas-liquid separation unit, packaged withprocess gas coolers in a single module.As a complete compression system itcan be applied to all markets – upstream,midstream and downstream – with thesmallest footprint, reduced weight andat the lowest total installed cost.2: Total number of impellersS: Casing configuration:“B” for back-to-back“C” for compound“D” for double-flow“S” for straight-thru“I” for integrated“M” for marinizedDATUMCcompact compressor Example: D 14 C 3 SWhere: D: Always a “D” for DATUM14: Frame sizeC: Compact and/or close-coupledRadial only (barrel type)Magnetic bearings, seal-less3: Total number of impellersS: Casing configuration:“B” for back-to-back“C” for compound“D” for double-flow“S” for straight-thruDATUMPpipeline compressorThe Dresser-Rand DATUM C centrifugalcompressor is an integrated, high-speedelectric motor-driven compressor thatprovides a highly efficient, compactsolution for all markets. Example: D 12 P 3 SWhere: D: Always a “D” for DATUM12: Frame sizeP: PipelineRadial only (barrel type)3: Total number of impellersS: Casing configuration:“B” for back-to-back“C” for compound“D” for double-flow“S” for straight-thruThe Dresser-Rand DATUM P pipeline compressors unmatched efficiency,reliability, and ease of maintenance make these compressors the mostadvanced units available for natural gas transmission pipeline applications.
DATUMFamily of products
DimensionsDDBBSTRAIGHT-THRUAxially and Radially Split CaseAxially split casesRadially split casesDimensions in inches (mm)STRAIGHT-THRUwith side streamsin or outAxially and Radially Split 75-877(170-399)28AAxially and Radially Split CaseConventional driver arrangements include:WT in lbs x ially and Radially Split 1,470–1,850)FRAME12ASTRAIGHT-THRU COMPOUNDwith or withoutintercoolingDimensions in inches (mm)WT in lbs x 103(kgs x 103)CACA Gas turbine Steam turbineBACK-TO-BACKwithout I.C.Radially Split Case Electric motor (low-speed, high-speed, variable-speed)Note: All weights and dimensions are estimated;weight variation is linked to the number of stagesand design pressure of the compressor. Others as required11
DATUM centrifugalcompressorsThe result of our unmatched experience.Building on a Heritage of Field-provenEngineering and Superior ServiceFor more than 100 years, Dresser‑Rand has been a world leaderin energy conversion technology, designing, manufacturing andservicing a wide range of field-proven centrifugal andreciprocating compressors, gas and steam turbines, expanders,and control systems. Since the mid-1900s, we have builtcentrifugal compressors for applications as diverse andchallenging as LNG, ethylene, refining, ammonia, gas production,and gas reinjection for enhanced oil recovery.Our DATUM centrifugal compressors are the latest in thisillustrious line. Introduced in 1995, they have gone on todemonstrate their superior efficiency, reduced emissions andnumerous other benefits in hundreds of applications worldwide.One of three identical 7,000 psiDATUM gas reinjection compressortrains driven by a Dresser‑RandVECTRA power turbine offshore West Africa.12Committed to Delivering ValueD-R provides reliable, efficient energy conversion solutions thatdeliver the highest value to our clients. Our engineers constantlyseek improvements in design, production and testing to make ourequipment even more efficient and reliable. This R&D focus isreflected in every product and service we offer, from newequipment to upgrades, that extend the life of your installedequipment.Our emphasis on maximizing the value you receive also extendsto the way we work with you. Our corporate product configurator(CPC) coordinates all elements of the bidding, engineering,design, and manufacturing process.
“We can reduce thetime offshore toreplace the rotorbundle by about aday and a half to twodays compared toconventional designs.If you equate that toavailability, that’sabout a half percent ayear improvement –just for that featurealone.“DATUM compressors arebringing new efficiencyand availability levels toFPSO vessels.— Senior Consultant,ConocoPhillipsIt improves communication and results by fostering closercollaboration with our clients and within D-R. Best of all, it hasdramatically cut our cycle times for all project phases, so yourequipment can be on-line and producing sooner.Our leading-edge technology, some of the shortest cycle times inthe industry, advanced business processes, and global presencehelp our clients reduce unit operation costs, which are 70 to 80percent of the total cost of compression assets. That helps ourclients to be more competitive.DATUM Compressors are Proving ThemselvesAround the WorldThe DATUM line of centrifugal compressors was designedfor maximum performance in all pressure and flow applications.Their unmatched efficiency, reliability and ease of maintenancemake them the most advanced turbocompressors available forthe oil, gas and process industries. Typical applications include: Oil and gas production—gas gathering, liquid recovery, gas lift,gas injection, pipeline boosters, gas storage, recompression,and reinjection Refining—wet gas, hydrogen, coker, and other hydrocarbonand utility gases Ethylene—charge gas, ethylene and propane/ propylenerefrigeration Methanol—feed gas and syngas LNG—mixed refrigerant, propane, methane, nitrogen, and feedgas compressionThe DATUM model D6R6B compressor is a radially split,barrel-type compressor with a back-to-back designwithin the existing DATUM product line. This centrifugalcompressor has a discharge pressure that exceeds 550bar (7,975 psi) while compressing gases that are almost65% heavier than typical natural gas blends. Ammonia—feed gas, syngas, refrigeration, and air compression Urea—CO2 compression Air separation—nitrogen feed, recycle and air services13
DATUM family of productsDesigned for maximum performance.DATUM C CompressorDATUM I CompressorOur DATUM C (compact) compressor was developed using ourindustry-leading DATUM compressor technology and is thefundamental building block for the integrated compressionsystem (ICS).For hermetically sealed systems, the DATUM I compression trainuses the basic high-speed motor and DATUM compressorbuilding blocks used for the DATUM C product, but includes anintegrated, rotating, gas/liquid separator inside of thecompression casing. The integrated separator was developed byD-R to substitute the large, heavy, gravity-based scrubbers thatare typically installed upstream of each compression section. Theintegrated separator is designed to remove liquid that may enterthe compression system and reduces the size of the remainingcarryover liquid particles (if any) to a fine mist which is innocuousto the compressor internal components. The DATUM C compressor is a hermetically sealed centrifugalcompressor driven by an integrated, high-speed electric motor.Because the unit is hermetically sealed, the motor andcompressor shafts are levitated using magnetic bearings. Themotor/compressor system is designed for natural gas pipelineand upstream process gas applications, and the motor andmagnetic bearings are designed to be cooled using the processgas handled by the centrifugal compressor. Its small footprint andmodular compressor bundle make installation and maintenanceeasier than for conventional units, while minimizing therequirements for auxiliary systems and buildings.Because of its integrated, totally enclosed configuration, theDATUM C compressor offers significant environmental benefitsincluding the following: Emission-free design Quiet operation Reduced footprint No on-site leakage from shaft seals Magnetic bearings that eliminate the need for oil lubricationThe use of the DATUM I product thus facilitates a reduction in thesize of the overall compression train and associated gas/liquidseparation equipment, while still providing sufficient protection tothe compressor flowpath. The separator stage can be used forcompressors supported on magnetic bearings or for units on oilbearings, regardless of the type of driver used for the train.The hermetically sealed DATUM I compressor results in the idealsolution for the case of subsea applications, as it eliminates theneed for conventional gravity based scrubbers, which wouldotherwise be required. For these types of applications, especiallyfor deep-water service, the vessel design significantly affects thesize and weight of the overall subsea processing module; theexternal pressure acting on these vessels compounds thechallenges associated with the construction of these largevessels.Subsea DATUM I pilot unit (D12I9B) onD-R’s wet gas test facility in Olean, NY.14
DATUM ICSIntegrated Compression System (ICS)The DATUM ICS is a compact compression system that can beapplied to all markets—upstream, midstream and downstream—with a small footprint, reduced weight and at the lowest totallifecycle cost. It provides a compact and highly efficient means forremoving liquid from a wet gas mixture while increasing thepressure of the gas stream.The ICS uses D-R’s centrifugal compressor technology and theproprietary, compact centrifugal-type gas/liquid separator that isintegrated to the compressor shaft, and resides within thecompressor casing. This technology can be offered with thecompressor rotor supported on active magnetic bearings (AMBs)or on oil lubricated bearings, regardless of the type of driver usedfor the train. The use of our field-proven compressor modularbundle design allows the end-user to change out the compressorinternals in less time, resulting in reduced dow
For a complete list of products and services, visit www.dresser-rand.com or contact the following: TuRboMACHinERy DATuM Centrifugal Compressors Manufacturing operations Centrifugal Compressors Dresser-Rand 500 Paul Clark Drive Olean, NY 14760 USA Tel: (Int’l 1) 716-375-3000 Fax: (Int’l 1) 71
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datum point temperature, both steam-water with its 32" F. datum and ammonia with the customary —40 F. datum were considered for setting the temperature, as was also the possibility of using a —40* F. datum for the ammonia phase and a separate 32" F. datum for the water-steam phase. The single 32 F. datum appeared preferable and was adopted.
Pro/E WILDFIRE, week5-2. 20 Click Right and Top datum plane with Ctrl key down and click “Datum Axis Tool”. With this datum axis, we’ll create new datum axis. 21 Click “Datum Plane Tool” to create a datum plane. 22
sibilities include centrifugal and reciprocat ing compressors, axial flow compressors, steam and gas turbines, centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, and gas expanders. He has been employed at Parsons for the last 20years and previously at Worthington Compressor and Engine International as an Appli cation Engineer in power and process marketing.
Paper 1. Assessment of the 3D Flow in a Centrifugal compressor using Steady-State and Unsteady Flow Solvers 91 Paper 2. Generation Mechanisms of Rotating Stall and Surge in Centrifugal Compressors 117 Paper 3. Centrifugal Compressor: The Sound of Surge 137 Paper 4. Acoustic signature of flow instabilities in radial compressors 163 Paper 5.
Centrifugal T series Compressors 300 - 2300 HP Centrifugal F series Compressors Up to 118,000 CFM Simplex & Duplex Reciprocating Air Compressors Electric & Engine Drive Portable Air Compressors Rotary Screw Air Compressors N2-GEN Series Nitrogen Generators Compressed Air & Vacuum Systems Energy Audits with .
mm. A cache using leases requires a valid lease on the da- tum (in addition to holding the datum) before it returns the datum in response to a read, or modifies the datum in re- sponse to a write. When a datum is fetched from the server (the primary storage site of the datum), the server also re-
BEC HIGHER PART TWO Questions 13 – 22 You will hear five different business people talking about trips they have recently been on. For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the purpose of each trip from the list A – H.F or Task Two, choose the problem described from the list A – H . Y ou will hear the recording twice. T ASK ONE – PURPOSE For questions 13 .
