Louisiana: Atchafalaya Basin Traps (unspecified)
Red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkii Monterey Bay AquariumLouisiana: Atchafalaya BasinTraps (unspecified)Published January 10, 2014, Updated November 2, 2020Seafood Watch Consulting ResearcherDisclaimerSeafood Watch strives to have all Seafood Reports reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology,fisheries science and aquaculture. Scientific review, however, does not constitute an endorsement of the Seafood Watch program or itsrecommendations on the part of the reviewing scientists. Seafood Watch is solely responsible for the conclusions reached in this report.Seafood Watch Standard used in this assessment: Standard for Fisheries vF21
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . Seafood. . . . . . . . . . . .Watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.About. . . . . . . . . . .Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.Guiding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.Summary. . . . . . . Seafood. . . . . . . . . . . .Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.Final. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . .1:. . .Impacts. . . . . . . . . . .on. . . the. . . . . species. . . . . . . . . .under. . . . . . . .assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.Criterion. . . . . . . . . . . .2:. . .Impacts. . . . . . . . . . .on. . . other. . . . . . . .species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.Criterion. . . . . . . . . . . .3:. . .Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Effectiveness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.Criterion. . . . . . . . . . . .4:. . .Impacts. . . . . . . . . . .on. . . the. . . . . habitat. . . . . . . . . .and. . . . .ecosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.Criterion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27.Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28.References. . . . . . . . . . . . . A:. . . . Updates. . . . . . . . . . . .to. . . Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild. . . . . . Crayfish. . . . . . . . . . . .Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . B:. . . . Review. . . . . . . . . . Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.Appendix2
About Seafood WatchMonterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch program evaluates the ecological sustainability of wild-caught andfarmed seafood commonly found in the United States marketplace. Seafood Watch defines sustainableseafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase productionin the long-term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch makesits science-based recommendations available to the public in the form of regional pocket guides that can bedownloaded from www.seafoodwatch.org. The program’s goals are to raise awareness of important oceanconservation issues and empower seafood consumers and businesses to make choices for healthy oceans.Each sustainability recommendation on the regional pocket guides is supported by a Seafood Report. Eachreport synthesizes and analyzes the most current ecological, fisheries and ecosystem science on a species, thenevaluates this information against the program’s conservation ethic to arrive at a recommendation of “BestChoices,” “Good Alternatives” or “Avoid.” The detailed evaluation methodology is available upon request. Inproducing the Seafood Reports, Seafood Watch seeks out research published in academic, peer-reviewedjournals whenever possible. Other sources of information include government technical publications, fisherymanagement plans and supporting documents, and other scientific reviews of ecological sustainability. SeafoodWatch Research Analysts also communicate regularly with ecologists, fisheries and aquaculture scientists, andmembers of industry and conservation organizations when evaluating fisheries and aquaculture practices.Capture fisheries and aquaculture practices are highly dynamic; as the scientific information on each specieschanges, Seafood Watch ’s sustainability recommendations and the underlying Seafood Reports will be updatedto reflect these changes.Parties interested in capture fisheries, aquaculture practices and the sustainability of ocean ecosystems arewelcome to use Seafood Reports in any way they find useful. For more information about Seafood Watch andSeafood Reports, please contact the Seafood Watch program at Monterey Bay Aquarium by calling 1-877-2299990.3
Guiding PrinciplesSeafood Watch defines sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether fished1 or farmed, that canmaintain or increase production in the long-term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affectedecosystems.Based on this principle, Seafood Watch had developed four sustainability criteria for evaluating wildcatchfisheries for consumers and businesses. These criteria are:How does fishing affect the species under assessment?How does the fishing affect other, target and non-target species?How effective is the fishery’s management?How does the fishing affect habitats and the stability of the ecosystem?Each criterion includes:Factors to evaluate and scoreGuidelines for integrating these factors to produce a numerical score and ratingOnce a rating has been assigned to each criterion, we develop an overall recommendation. Criteria ratings andthe overall recommendation are color-coded to correspond to the categories on the Seafood Watch pocketguide and online guide:Best Choice/Green: Are well managed and caught in ways that cause little harm to habitats or other wildlife.Good Alternative/Yellow: Buy, but be aware there are concerns with how they’re caught.Avoid/Red Take a pass on these for now. These items are overfished or caught in ways that harm othermarine life or the environment.1“Fish” is used throughout this document to refer to finfish, shellfish and other invertebrates4
SummaryCrayfish (or crawfish) are found and caught worldwide in freshwater swamps, marshes and slow flowing rivers.They are short-lived and fast growing animals. This report evaluates the wild caught crayfish fishery inLouisiana's Atchafalaya Basin using baited crayfish traps.The abundance and fishing level of crayfish in the Atchafalaya Basin is unknown, since no populationassessments have been conducted. Abundance of crayfish appears to be sensitive to environmental variation,particularly the flood regime and water levels in the rivers and swamps in which they live. The traps used tocatch crayfish are moderately selective, but other invertebrates or small fishes could be caught. However, it islikely that most of the non-target catch is released unharmed.This fishery is managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, but few management regulationshave been put in place. The fishery is small and has a moderate impact on the habitat and ecosystem.5
Final Seafood RecommendationsSPECIES FISHERYCRITERION 1: CRITERION 2: CRITERION 3: CRITERION 4:Impacts onImpacts onManagement Habitat andOVERALLthe SpeciesOther Species Effectiveness EcosystemRECOMMENDATIONRed SwampYellow (2.644) Green (2.986)CrayfishLouisiana/AtchafalayaBasin Traps(unspecified) UnitedStates of AmericaRed (2.000)Yellow (3.000)Good Alternative(2.623)Scoring GuideScores range from zero to five where zero indicates very poor performance and five indicates the fishingoperations have no significant impact.Final Score geometric mean of the four Scores (Criterion 1, Criterion 2, Criterion 3, Criterion 4).Best Choice/Green Final Score 3.2, and no Red Criteria, and no Critical scoresGood Alternative/Yellow Final score 2.2-3.2, and neither Harvest Strategy (Factor 3.1) nor BycatchManagement Strategy (Factor 3.2) are Very High Concern2, and no more than one Red Criterion, and noCritical scoresAvoid/Red Final Score 2.2, or either Harvest Strategy (Factor 3.1) or Bycatch Management Strategy(Factor 3.2) is Very High Concern or two or more Red Criteria, or one or more Critical scores.2Because effective management is an essential component of sustainable fisheries, Seafood Watch issues an Avoidrecommendation for any fishery scored as a Very High Concern for either factor under Management (Criterion 3).6
IntroductionScope of the analysis and ensuing recommendationThis report evaluates the sustainability of the wild crayfish (or crawfish) trap fishery in the Atchafalaya Basinin Louisiana, USA. The Louisiana fishery accounts for the majority of the wild caught crayfish in the U.S.Species OverviewCrayfish are found worldwide in freshwater swamps, marshes and slow flowing rivers, with the majority of theirdistribution resulting from human introduction (Crandall 2010, Global Trust Certification 2011). They arenocturnal animals with little migration, emerging from burrows at night to forage. Although during some periodsof their lives, particularly the breeding season, these animals have a "wandering phase" (Global TrustCertification 2011). Environmental conditions (temperature and wet/dry periods) affect reproduction and growthrates (Romaire et al. 2004, McClain et al. 2007, Alford and Walker 2011, Global Trust Certification 2011).Crayfish are native to Louisiana and are a cultural and culinary icon. Best known for its use in jambalaya andtraditional crayfish boils, this shellfish is a staple of Creole cuisine. Louisiana's commercial crayfish fishery isconcentrated in the Atchafalaya Basin, a freshwater system connected with the Mississippi River, and is theregion of focus for this report. Wild crayfish are caught using baited coded-wire mesh traps that rest on thesubstrate. The wild crayfish fishery is managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF).Production StatisticsAnnual catches of wild crayfish in Louisiana have ranged from 30,000 lbs in 1950 to 50 million lbs in 1993 andhave remained under 20 million lbs since 1999 (NMFS 2013). The wild fishery averages around 11% ofLouisiana's crayfish production, with the remainder coming from aquaculture operations. In 2012, nearly 100million pounds of crayfish were produced by Louisiana; the wild crayfish fishery accounted for 8.7 millionpounds (9.6%) (LSUAC 2012, USDOC 2012, NMFS 2013). The number of participants in the Louisiana crayfishfishery has varied. Of the 1,756 commercial crayfish licenses issued in 2008, only 1,142 reported catchingcrayfish (LDWF 2010).Figure 1 Annual commercial catches of wild crawfish in Louisiana and reported annual sales.7
Importance to the US/North American market.Louisiana crayfish comprises 95% of the domestic crayfish market sold in the United States (Romaire et al.2005, Gillespie et al. 2012). Other states known for producing crayfish include California and Oregon (NMFS2013). The amount of crayfish imported has varied from 5 to 20 million pounds since 2010, and typicallycomprises 10 - 20% of the U.S. market(LSUAC 2010, 2011, 2012). In 2012, the U.S. crayfish market wascomprised mainly of farmed crayfish (90,900,000 lbs), followed by imported (20,400,000 lbs), and then wildcaught (8,700,000 lbs) (LSUAC 2012, USDOC 2012, NMFS 2013).Figure 2 Presence of Louisiana crawfish in 2012 U.S. crawfish market (lbs).Common and market names.Crawfish, Crayfish, Red Swamp Crawfish, CrawdaddyPrimary product formsCrayfish is marketed in the U.S. mainly as live product, with the highest demand in the Southeast. Smallmarkets exist for whole fresh cooked, frozen tail-only meat, frozen cooked tail meat, and bait (McClain andRomaire 2004, Romaire et al. 2005, McClain et al. 2007, Gillespie et al. 2012). The frozen tail-only market isreserved for small crayfish during the peak season (April-May) and is largely dominated by imports from China(Romaire et al. 2005, McClain et al. 2007, Gillespie et al. 2012).8
Figure 3 Distribution of live crawfish is concentrated in Louisiana and southeastern United States, ensuring thefreshness of the product (Image from Mc Clain et al. 2007).9
AssessmentThis section assesses the sustainability of the fishery(s) relative to the Seafood Watch Criteria for Fisheries,available at http://www.seafoodwatch.org.Criterion 1: Impacts on the species under assessmentThis criterion evaluates the impact of fishing mortality on the species, given its current abundance. The inherentvulnerability to fishing rating influences how abundance is scored, when abundance is unknown.The final Criterion 1 score is determined by taking the geometric mean of the abundance and fishing mortalityscores. The Criterion 1 rating is determined as follows:Score 3.2 Green or Low ConcernScore 2.2 and 3.2 Yellow or Moderate ConcernScore 2.2 Red or High ConcernRating is Critical if Factor 1.3 (Fishing Mortality) is CriticalCriterion 1 SummaryRED SWAMP CRAYFISHRegion MethodInherentVulnerabilityLouisiana/Atchafalaya 3.00: LowBasin Traps(unspecified)United States of AmericaAbundanceFishing MortalityScore3.00: ModerateConcern2.33: ModerateConcernYellow (2.64)Criterion 1 AssessmentSCORING GUIDELINESFactor 1.1 - Inherent VulnerabilityLow—The FishBase vulnerability score for species is 0-35, OR species exhibits life history characteristics thatmake it resilient to fishing, (e.g., early maturing).Medium—The FishBase vulnerability score for species is 36-55, OR species exhibits life historycharacteristics that make it neither particularly vulnerable nor resilient to fishing, (e.g., moderate age atsexual maturity (5-15 years), moderate maximum age (10-25 years), moderate maximum size, and middleof food chain).High—The FishBase vulnerability score for species is 56-100, OR species exhibits life history characteristicsthat make is particularly vulnerable to fishing, (e.g., long-lived ( 25 years), late maturing ( 15 years), lowreproduction rate, large body size, and top-predator). Note: The FishBase vulnerability scores is an index ofthe inherent vulnerability of marine fishes to fishing based on life history parameters: maximum length, ageat first maturity, longevity, growth rate, natural mortality rate, fecundity, spatial behaviors (e.g., schooling,aggregating for breeding, or consistently returning to the same sites for feeding or reproduction) andgeographic range.Factor 1.2 - Abundance10
5 (Very Low Concern)—Strong evidence exists that the population is above target abundance level (e.g.,biomass at maximum sustainable yield, BMSY) or near virgin biomass.4 (Low Concern)—Population may be below target abundance level, but it is considered not overfished3 (Moderate Concern) —Abundance level is unknown and the species has a low or medium inherentvulnerability to fishing.2 (High Concern)—Population is overfished, depleted, or a species of concern, OR abundance is unknownand the species has a high inherent vulnerability to fishing.1 (Very High Concern)—Population is listed as threatened or endangered.Factor 1.3 - Fishing Mortality5 (Very Low Concern)—Highly likely that fishing mortality is below a sustainable level (e.g., below fishingmortality at maximum sustainable yield, FMSY), OR fishery does not target species and its contribution to themortality of species is negligible ( 5% of a sustainable level of fishing mortality).3.67 (Low Concern)—Probable ( 50%) chance that fishing mortality is at or below a sustainable level, butsome uncertainty exists, OR fishery does not target species and does not adversely affect species, but itscontribution to mortality is not negligible, OR fishing mortality is unknown, but the population is healthy andthe species has a low susceptibility to the fishery (low chance of being caught).2.33 (Moderate Concern)—Fishing mortality is fluctuating around sustainable levels, OR fishing mortality isunknown and species has a moderate-high susceptibility to the fishery and, if species is depleted,reasonable management is in place.1 (High Concern)—Overfishing is occurring, but management is in place to curtail overfishing, OR fishingmortality is unknown, species is depleted, and no management is in place.0 (Critical)—Overfishing is known to be occurring and no reasonable management is in place to curtailoverfishing.RED SWAMP CRAYFISHFactor 1.1 - Inherent VulnerabilityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaLowCrayfish are short-lived and fast growing animals. Their lifespan is no more than several years and theysexually mature within their first year of life. They can grow up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in length and can exceed 50g (Global Trust Certification 2011). Crayfish are brooders and females produce 250 or more eggs (McClainand Romaire 2004)(McClain et al. 2007)(Global Trust Certification 2011). Given these life historycharacteristics, crayfish are considered to have a low vulnerability to fishing.Justification:11
Figure 4 Results from Seafood Watch vulnerability rubric.Factor 1.2 - AbundanceLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaModerate ConcernThe abundance of crayfish in the Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana is unknown because population assessmentsand abundance surveys have not been conducted. Crayfish are sensitive to environmental parameters,particularly water levels in the rivers and swamps they reside in. When water levels are low due to droughtthere is less habitat available, which can lead to reduced reproductive success and a reductionin abundance. Typically, higher water levels lead to higher abundances, however, during warm months lowoxygen (hypoxic) conditions can occur in the water causing stress, burrowing, or death and as a result lowercatches (McClain and Romaire 2004)(McClain et al. 2007)(Global Trust Certification 2011)(Bonvillain et al.2012)(Alford and Walker 2013). Since abundance of crayfish is unknown and crayfish have a low vulnerabilityto fishing, abundance is rated a moderate concern.Factor 1.3 - Fishing MortalityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaModerate ConcernThe fishing mortality on Louisiana crayfish is unknown because a population assessment has not beenperformed on the species. Annual catches tend to fluctuate with abundance levels. When abundance is low(due to low water levels) catches are lower, while higher abundances (when water levels are higher) lead tohigher catches. There are no management practices in place to limit the fishing mortality on crayfish (GlobalTrust Certification 2011)(LDWF 2013). It has been suggested that at present the market demand limits thefishery and prevents overexploitation (Global Trust Certification 2011). Due to insufficient data a moderateconcern score is given to the fishery.12
Criterion 2: Impacts on other speciesAll main retained and bycatch species in the fishery are evaluated in the same way as the species underassessment were evaluated in Criterion 1. Seafood Watch defines bycatch as all fisheries-related mortality orinjury to species other than the retained catch. Examples include discards, endangered or threatened speciescatch, and ghost fishing.To determine the final Criterion 2 score, the score for the lowest scoring retained/bycatch species is multipliedby the discard rate score (ranges from 0-1), which evaluates the amount of non-retained catch (discards) andbait use relative to the retained catch. The Criterion 2 rating is determined as follows:Score 3.2 Green or Low ConcernScore 2.2 and 3.2 Yellow or Moderate ConcernScore 2.2 Red or High ConcernRating is Critical if Factor 2.3 (Fishing Mortality) is CrtiticalCriterion 2 SummaryOnly the lowest scoring main species is/are listed in the table and text in this Criterion 2 section; a full list andassessment of the main species can be found in Appendix A.RED SWAMP CRAYFISHLouisiana/Atchafalaya Basin Traps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaSubscore:3.318Discard Rate:Species StockInherentVulnerabilityBenthic invertsFinfish0.90C2 Rate:2.986AbundanceFishing 67:Low 3.67:Low ConcernGreen(3.318)Information on non-target or bycatch species caught in the Louisiana crayfish fishery is not available. The trapsused to catch crayfish are selective for small animals and their stationary open-mesh design allow for somebycatch to escape and others to be released by the fishermen. The freshwater habitat where crayfish arecaught is inhabited by other commercially important fish including sunfish, shad, buffalo fish, catfish, and drum.Several of these species rely on small crustaceans, including crayfish, as a food source. The species that aremost likely to interact with the crayfish fisheries include benthic invertebrates and small or juvenile finfish;therefore, we assessed these general species groups. Due the limited information, bycatch is scored accordingto the Seafood Watch unknown bycatch matrix, based on a synthesis of peer reviewed literature and expertopinion on the bycatch impacts of each gear type (see appendix 3 in the Seafood Watch Wild FisheriesAssessment Criteria). Overall, trap fisheries are considered to have a low impact on non-target species.Discards in the fishery are considered low, but the amount of bait used in this fishery is unknown. We haveconservatively considered bait use to range from 40-60% of the targeted catch.Criterion 2 AssessmentSCORING GUIDELINES13
Factor 2.1 - Inherent Vulnerability(same as Factor 1.1 above)Factor 2.2 - Abundance(same as Factor 1.2 above)Factor 2.3 - Fishing Mortality(same as Factor 1.3 above)BENTHIC INVERTSFactor 2.1 - Inherent VulnerabilityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaMediumThe species of benthic invertebrates affected by the crayfish fishery is unknown, but most benthicinvertebrates have a medium inherent vulnerability to fishing.Factor 2.2 - AbundanceLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaModerate ConcernBecause the specific species of benthic invertebrates caught in the crayfish trap fishery are unknown, theirpopulation status cannot be determined. Seafood Watch awards a moderate concern score for "unknown"invertebrate species caught with this type of gearFactor 2.3 - Fishing MortalityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaLow ConcernThe amount and species of benthic invertebrates caught in the crayfish trap fishery is unknown. However, ingeneral traps are considered to have a low impact on other species, and most species are likely able to bereleased unharmed (Morgan and Chuenpagdee 2003)(Kelleher 2005). Seafood Watch awards a low concernscore for "unknown" invertebrate species caught with this type of gear.Factor 2.4 - Discard RateLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of America40-60%Information on discards (non-retained catches) is not available for the crayfish fishery. Only catches that aresold are documented on trip tickets (LDWF 2013). The traps used to catch crayfish are selective for small14
animals and their stationary open-mesh design allow for some bycatch to escape and others to be released bythe fishermen. In general, trap and pot fisheries are considered to have low discards and a low impact onnon-target species (Morgan and Chuenpagdee 2003)(Kelleher 2005). Bait in this fishery is comprised of mainlyof menhaden, and gizzard shad, but can also include carp, buffalo fish, herring, and catfish (McClain et al.2007). The commonly used menhaden bait is caught by East coast and Gulf of Mexico fisheries and purchasedby crayfish fishermen. It is possible that fishermen use bycatch caught in their traps to bait the trap, but thereis no reporting system to know how often this occurs; however, this is thought to be minimal. It isrecommended that 0.25 - 0.33 lbs of bait be used per trap per day in farmed ponds, but there is no publishedinformation on bait use in the wild crayfish fishery or on the number of traps used in the fishery (McClain et al.2007). We have conservatively considered bait use to range from 40-60% of the targeted catch based onother crustacean trap fisheries (LDWF 2011).FINFISHFactor 2.1 - Inherent VulnerabilityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaMediumThe freshwater habitat where crayfish are caught is inhabited by other commercially important fish includingcatfish, buffalo fish, sunfish, drum and shad (Fontenot et al. 2001)(USFWS 2006). The species offinfish affected by the crayfish fishery is unknown, but most finfish have a medium inherent vulnerability tofishing.Factor 2.2 - AbundanceLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaModerate ConcernThe specific species on finfish caught in the crayfish trap fishery is unknown. Therefore their populationcannot be determined. Seafood Watch awards a moderate concern score for "unknown" finfish species caughtwith this type of gear.Factor 2.3 - Fishing MortalityLOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of AmericaLow ConcernThe amount and species of finfish caught in the crayfish trap fishery is unknown. However, in general trapsare considered to have a low impact on other species, and most species are likely able to be releasedunharmed (Morgan and Chuenpagdee 2003)(Kelleher 2005). Seafood Watch awards a low concern score for"unknown" finfish species caught with this type of gear.Factor 2.4 - Discard Rate15
LOUISIANA/ATCHAFALAYA BASINTraps (Unspecified) United States Of America40-60%Information on discards (non-retained catches) is not available for the crayfish fishery. Only catches that aresold are documented on trip tickets (LDWF 2013). The traps used to catch crayfish are selective for smallanimals and their stationary open-mesh design allow for some bycatch to escape and others to be released bythe fishermen. In general, trap and pot fisheries are considered to have low discards and a low impact onnon-target species (Morgan and Chuenpagdee 2003)(Kelleher 2005). Bait in this fishery is comprised of mainlyof menhaden, and gizzard shad, but can also include carp, buffalo fish, herring, and catfish (McClain et al.2007). The commonly used menhaden bait is caught by East coast and Gulf of Mexico fisheries and purchasedby crayfish fishermen. It is possible that fishermen use bycatch caught in their traps to bait the trap, but thereis no reporting system to know how often this occurs; however, this is thought to be minimal. It isrecommended that 0.25 - 0.33 lbs of bait be used per trap per day in farmed ponds, but there is no publishedinformation on bait use in the wild crayfish fishery or on the number of traps used in the fishery (McClain et al.2007). We have conservatively considered bait use to range from 40-60% of the targeted catch based onother crustacean trap fisheries (LDWF 2011).16
Criterion 3: Management EffectivenessManagement is separated into management of retained species (harvest strategy) and management of nonretained species (bycatch strategy).The final score for this criterion is the geometric mean of the two scores. The Criterion 3 rating is determinedas follows:Score 3.2 Green or Low ConcernScore 2.2 and 3.2 Yellow or Moderate ConcernScore 2.2 or either the Harvest Strategy (Factor 3.1) or Bycatch Management Strategy (Factor 3.2) is VeryHigh Concern Red or High ConcernRating is Critical if either or both of Harvest Strategy (Factor 3.1) and Bycatch Management Strategy (Factor3.2) ratings are Critical.Criterion 3 SummaryRegion MethodLouisiana/Atchafalaya Basin Traps(unspecified)United States of AmericaHarvestStrategy
Louisiana: Atchafalaya Basin Traps (unspecified) Published January 10, 2014, Updated November 2, 2020 Seafood Watch Consulting Researcher Disclaimer Seafood Watch strives to have all Seafood Reports reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology, fisheries science and aquaculture.
Atchafalaya National Heritage Area - Bayou Teche Corridor Atchafalaya.org The Atchafalaya Basin is the largest swamp in the country. Referred to as “America’s Foreign Country,” the area is culturally rich with an ecologically varied region of rivers, bayous and swamp
DRAFT FISCAL YEAR 2022 ANNUAL PLAN 2 BASIN PROGRAM PROGRAM HISTORY The Atchafalaya Basin Program was established to develop, implement, and manage a comprehensive state master plan for the Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System, Louisiana Project. This master plan directs the efforts o
ICD-9 Code ICD9 Code Description ICD-10 Code . 372.30 Conjunctivitis, unspecified H10.9 Unspecified conjunctivitis 380.10 Infective otitis externa, unspecified H60.00 Abscess of external ear, unspecified ear . L23.9 Allergic contact dermatitis, unspecified cause
372.00 - 372.06 acute conjunctivitis unspecified - acute chemical conjunctivitis 373.00 - 373.02 blepharitis unspecified - squamous blepharitis 377.30 optic neuritis unspecified 391.9 acute rheumatic heart disease unspecified 477.0 - 477.9 allergic rhinitis due to pollen - allergic rhinitis cause unspecified
Barataria Bay Timbalier Bay Terrebonne Bay Caillou Lake Lake Mechant Lake Boudreaux Little Lake Atchafalaya Bay GULF OF MEXICO Lake Cataouatche A t c h a f a l a y a R i v e r gne East Cote Blanche Bay . (1932 to 2016) Land area . Coastal Louisiana. Atchafalaya Delta. 900. 300. Coastal Louisiana-1. 300' 920'
ICD-10 DIAGNOSES R42 Dizziness and giddiness M54.9 Dorsalgia, unspecified N94.6 Dysmenorrhea, unspecified F34.1 Dysthymic disorder R30.0 Dysuria R60.9 Edema, unspecified R03.0 Elevated blood pressure reading, w/o diagnosis of hypertension R97.20 Elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) D72.829 Elevated white blood cell count, unspecified
means of a thermo drain or pop drain. Also, when multiple traps are installed in a trap station, insulating the traps can provide freeze protection. Thermo Drains are installed in a Tee ahead of 200 Series traps or replace the drain plug directly in the body of specially machined 800 Series traps
Alex Rider: Never say Die by Anthony Horowitz Below are the complete reviews, written by the Lovereading4kids members. George Hutton - Dormston Secondary School Alex Rider receives a suspicious email from who could be Jack Starbright who was kidnapped on his previous mission. However, whilst trying to locate Jack, he accidentally manages to get tangled up in another MI6 Mission which could put .
