Lesson 15 Name Date PRACTICE BOOK Main Ideas And Details

Lesson 15NamePRACTICE BOOKDateMain Ideas and DetailsEcology for KidsComprehension:Main Ideas and DetailsRead the selection below.Winter WonderlandEach year the approachingwinter brings a sense of excitement topeople who like snow.Snow is great because you canhave so much fun outside. Makingsnow angels, sledding, and buildinga snowman are great ways to spendtime outside with family and friends.If the snow is light and fluffy andpacks well, you can even build a snowfort to hide from your “enemies”during snowball fights! You cancatch snowflakes on your tongue andjump in snowdrifts three feet high.And when the weather gets reallycold, you can go inside your warmhouse and watch the snow outsidefall quietly to the ground. Sippingcocoa under a cozy blanket, you cantell stories and talk about winteradventures to come.Winter is a season to celebratefor its joy and beauty. It only lasts afew months each year, but it createsmemories that last a lifetime!Complete the Web below to identify the main idea anddetails about winter. Write your answers in complete sentences.Supporting DetailSupporting DetailMain IdeaSupporting DetailIntroduce ComprehensionSupporting Detail169Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.169 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1695/21/09 6:52:38 PM

Lesson 15NameDateMain Ideas and DetailsPRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsComprehension:Main Ideas and DetailsRead the selection below.It’s “Just” a ThunderstormEveryone fears tornadoes andearthquakes. But we rarely worryabout thunderstorms. They seem socommon that they’re just annoying,right?Wrong. Thunderstorms can bedangerous. About 10,000 severethunderstorms strike the UnitedStates each year, bringing high windsthat break tree limbs and uproottrees. These winds can down powerlines. Some turn into tornadoes.Severe thunderstorms mayproduce hail and flooding. Hail candamage cars and injure animals andpeople. Floods damage property andtrap people and animals.Lightning can be a verydangerous part of a severe storm. Itcan cause fires or other damage. Italso can strike people directly andkill them.The U.S. Weather Serviceprovides early warnings about severestorms. When you hear these,remember that even though we seethem more often than tornadoes,thunderstorms are no less dangerous.Analyze the selection to evaluate the main idea and detailspresented. Use a Web like the one here to organize yourthoughts. Then answer the questions below.1. What is the author’s main idea? Use text evidence tosupport your answer.2. How does each paragraph support the main idea in thepassage?Deepen Comprehension170Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.170 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1705/21/09 7:25:34 PM

Lesson 15NamePRACTICE BOOKDateMultiple-Meaning WordscrashtrackchannelplaceshapethunderEcology for KidsVocabulary Strategies:Multiple-Meaning WordstireRead each sentence. Write the number of the correct definitionfor the underlined word on the blank.1. The glass fell off the table with a crash.1. a loud noise2. a collision, a wreck2. Everyone cheered as he ran around the track.1. a mark, as a footprint2. a course set up for racing3. The boat sailed down the channel.1. a waterway2. a means of communicating4. She didn’t want anyone to take her place.1. an area or region2. a position in line5. The football player was in great shape.1. the outline of something 2. physical condition6. After we saw the lightning, we heard some thunder.1. to speak loudly2. a loud noise from the sky7. I could not ride my bike because there was a hole in thetire.1. rubber covering a wheel 2. to run out of energyVocabulary Strategies171Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.171 4 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1713/21/09 9:51:34 AM

Lesson 15NamePRACTICE BOOKDateChanging Final y to iEcology for KidsSpelling: Changing Final y to iBasic Write the Basic Word to complete each analogy.Spelling Words1. Trees are to forests as cities are to.2. Biggest is to largest as smallest is to.3. Weakest is to strongest as liveliest is to.4. Seeds are to plants as caterpillars are to.5. Smoother is to rougher as tougher is to.6. Happier is to merrier as windier is to7. Better is to best as.is to noisiest.8. Lightest is to darkest as ugliest is to.9. Cleaning is to chores as photography is to10. Cold is to colder as busy is to.1.6.2.7.3.8.4.9.5.10.Challenge 11–14. You helped out at the community garage sale.Tell how you sorted items for sale. Use four of the ChallengeWords. Write on a separate sheet of nitiesmultipliedqualitiesGrade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.172 4 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1723/21/09 9:51:49 AM

Lesson 15NameDateSpelling Word SortPRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsSpelling: Changing Final y to iWrite each Basic Word beside the correct heading.Spelling WordsBasic Words:Adding -esto a consonant y wordChallenge Words:Possible Selection Words:Adding -edto a consonant y wordAdding -erto a consonant y wordBasic Words:Challenge Words:Basic Words:Basic Words:Adding -estto a consonant y wordChallenge Words:Challenge Add the Challenge Words to your Word Sort.Connect to Reading Look through Ecology for Kids. Find wordsthat change the final y to i before adding -es, -ed, -er, or -est.Add them to your Word itiesmultipliedqualitiesGrade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.173 4 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1733/21/09 9:52:29 AM

Lesson 15NameDateProofreading for SpellingFind the misspelled words and circle them. Write them correctlyon the lines below.Observing nature can be entertaining and informative.Nature has been speid upon and studyed through the agesand has taught ladys, gentlemen, and familes many lessons.We have coiped things we see happening in nature to makeus healthyer and friendlyer. We have pityd people who takeno notice of nature. Some of the prettyiest and funniestethings can be found in nature—look at a sunset, or look atbaby birds, each noiser than the other, opening their mouthswide to be fed. Many people have found that some of theirhappist times have been spent observing nature.1.7.2.8.3.9.4.10.5.11.6.12.SpellingPRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsSpelling: Changing Final y to iSpelling liedqualities174Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.174 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1745/21/09 7:13:59 PM

Lesson 15NameDateUsing Irregular VerbsVerbs that do not add -ed to show past action arecalled irregular verbs. You must remember thespellings of irregular verbs.PRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsGrammar: Irregular VerbsThinking QuestionWhat verb does not add-ed to show past action?present tense verb: giveirregular past tense verb: gave1–8. Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses toshow past action.1. The scientist (know) how to protect the environment.2. Our science teacher (brings) photographs of variousecosystems to class.3. She (tells) us that one way to protect the environment isto stop pollution.4. It would also help the environment if we (grow) our ownvegetables.5. We (take) very long showers.6. We (leave) the lights on in empty rooms.7. We (drive) everywhere instead of walking or riding bikes.8. My family and I (make) a plan for how to save water,electricity, and gasoline.Grammar175Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.175 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1755/21/09 7:19:46 PM

Lesson 15NamePRACTICE BOOKDateThe Special Verb beEcology for KidsGrammar: Irregular VerbsThe verb be tells what someone or something is oris like. It does not show action. It can be used as amain verb or a helping verb. The verb be has specialforms for different tenses and different subjects.Thinking QuestionWhat is the subject?What is the tense? Whatform of be is correct?forms of the verb besubjectpresent tenseIamhe, she, itiswe, you, theyarepast tensewaswaswerepast participle with form of helping verb haveI, we, you, theyhave beenhe, she, ithas been1–6. Write the form of the verb be in parentheses thatcorrectly completes each sentence.1. Last week, the students (are, were) learning aboutecosystems.2. An ecosystem (is, are) a place where groups of livingand nonliving things interact with their environment.3. Forests, lakes, and deserts (is, are) examples ofecosystems.4. Yesterday, I (am, was) working on a project about theocean.5. Today, I (am, was) presenting my project about the oceanto my classmates.6. I (been, have been) enjoying learning about the ocean.Grammar176Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.176 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1765/21/09 7:31:14 PM

Lesson 15NameDateHelping VerbsPRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsGrammar: Irregular VerbsMany irregular verbs change spelling when they areused with helping verbs. Often the new spelling usesn or en to show past tense.Irregular verb: growPast tense: grewPast tense form with helping verb: had grown1–5. On the line, write the correct form of the verb inparentheses.1. My class had (drive)all morning to get to theseashore.2. Then we had (ride)in a boat to get to a mangroveswamp.3. It was the first time I had (see)such a uniqueecosystem.4. When it heard us coming, a heron had (hide)among the trees.5. Afterwards, a scientist had (speak)to us aboutpreserving mangrove swamps.Grammar177Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.177 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1775/21/09 9:45:03 PM

Lesson 15NamePRACTICE BOOKDateKinds of PronounsEcology for KidsGrammar: Spiral ReviewSubject PronounsHe and she read books about lightning.Object PronounsRachel introduced him to us.1–4. Write a subject pronoun or an object pronoun to replace theunderlined word or words in each sentence.1. Dr. Frank Josephs gathered data from an experiment.2. The experiments were performed by him and his assistant Lydia.3. Dr. Josephs showed Lydia the data.4. These scientists are studying the relationship between ice inclouds and lightning storms.5–7. Combine the sentences by using the connecting word inparentheses. Change one of the subjects to a pronoun.5. The light is hard to see. The light flashes in a fraction of a second.(because)6. The scientists collect all the data. The scientists write a detailedreport. (after)7. Ms. Blaine was busy. Ms. Blaine answered all our questionsabout thunder and lightning. (although)Grammar178Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.178 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1785/21/09 9:50:32 PM

Lesson 15NameDateConventionsPRACTICE BOOKEcology for KidsGrammar: Connect to WritingIncorrect Form of VerbThey dove into the bay and taked a look at its ecosystem.Correct Form of VerbThey dove into the bay and took a look at its ecosystem.1–5. Choose the correct form for the verb in the parentheses.Rewrite the sentences to make the author’s meaning clear.1. Yesterday, the scientists (find, found) an unfamiliarcreature in the bay.2. When they returned to shore, they (brung, brought) it tothe laboratory.3. They now (know, knew) some of the changesthat happened as a result of pollution in the bay.4. The scientists (writed, wrote) a report about their findings.5. They (gived, gave) a talk about their discoveries.Grammar179Grade 4, Unit 3: Natural Encounters Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.179 41 246420RTXEPB L015.indd 1795/21/09 9:58:05 PM